[en] The whole genome sequence (WGS) of the much awaited, nutrient rich and climate resilient crop, finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) has been released recently. While possessing superior mineral nutrients and excellent shelf life as compared to other major cereals, multiploidy nature of the genome and relatively small plantation acreage in less developed countries hampered the genome sequencing of finger millet, disposing it as one of the lastly sequenced genomes in cereals. The genomic information available for this crop is very little when compared to other major cereals like rice, maize and barley. As a result, only a limited number of genetic and genomic studies has been undertaken for the improvement of this crop. Finger millet is known especially for its superior calcium content, but the high-throughput studies are yet to be performed to understand the mechanisms behind calcium transport and grain filling. The WGS of finger millet is expected to help to understand this and other important molecular mechanisms in finger millet, which may be harnessed for the nutrient fortification of other cereals. In this review, we discuss various efforts made so far on the improvement of finger millet including genetic improvement, transcriptome analysis, mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits, etc. We also discuss the pitfalls of modern genetic studies and provide insights for accelerating the finger millet improvement with the interventions of WGS in near future. Advanced genetic and genomic studies aided by WGS may help to improve the finger millet, which will be helpful to strengthen the nutritional security in addition to food security in the developing countries of Asia and Africa.
Disciplines :
Biotechnology
Author, co-author :
Stanislaus, Antony Ceasar ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la vie > Génomique fonctionnelle et imagerie moléculaire végétale
Maharajan, T.
Ajeesh Krishna, T. P.
Ramakrishnan, M.
Victor Roch, G.
Satish, Lakkakula
Ignacimuthu, Savarimuthu
Language :
English
Title :
Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] Improvement: Current Status and Future Interventions of Whole Genome Sequence.
Anjaneyulu, E., Reddy, P.S., Sunita, M.S., Kishor, P.B., Meriga, B., Salt tolerance and activity of antioxidative enzymes of transgenic finger millet overexpressing a vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase gene (SbVPPase) from Sorghum bicolor (2014) J. Plant Physiol., 171, pp. 789-798
Arif, I.A., Bakir, M.A., Khan, H.A., Al Farhan, A.H., Al Homaidan, A.A., Bahkali, A.H., A brief review of molecular techniques to assess plant diversity (2010) Int. J. Mol. Sci., 11, pp. 2079-2096
Arockiasamy, S., Ignacimuthu, S., Regeneration of transgenic plants from two indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars using shoot apex explants (2007) Plant Cell Rep, 26, pp. 1745-1753
Babitha, K.C., Ramu, S.V., Nataraja, K.N., Sheshshayee, M.S., Udayakumar, M., EcbZIP60, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor from Eleusine coracana L. Improves abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco by activating unfolded protein response pathway (2015) Mol. Breed., 35, pp. 181-197
Babitha, K.C., Vemanna, R.S., Nataraja, K.N., Udayakumar, M., Overexpression of EcbHLH57 transcription factor from Eleusine coracana L. In tobacco confers tolerance to salt, oxidative and drought stress (2015) Plos One, 10
Babu, A., Geetha, K., Manjunatha, V., Shankar, A., An efficient high throughput plant regeneration and transformation protocol for production of transgenics tolerant to salt in finger millet (2012) Int. J. For. Crop Improv., 3, pp. 16-20
Babu, B.K., Agrawal, P., Pandey, D., Jaiswal, J., Kumar, A., Association mapping of agro-morphological characters among the global collection of finger millet genotypes using genomic SSR markers (2014) Mol. Biol. Rep., 41, pp. 5287-5297
Babu, B.K., Agrawal, P.K., Pandey, D., Kumar, A., Comparative genomics and association mapping approaches for opaque2 modifier genes in finger millet accessions using genic, genomic and candidate gene-based simple sequence repeat markers (2014) Mol. Breed., 34, pp. 1261-1279
Babu, B.K., Dinesh, P., Agrawal, P.K., Sood, S., Chandrashekara, C., Bhatt, J.C., Comparative genomics and association mapping approaches for blast resistant genes in finger millet using SSRs (2014) Plos One, 9
Babu, B.K., Senthil, N., Gomezm, S.M., Biji, K.R., Rajendraprasad, N.S., Kumar, S.S., Assessment of genetic diversity among finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) accessions using molecular markers (2007) Genet. Resour. Crop Evol., 54, pp. 399-404
Babu, B.K., Sood, S., Agrawal, P.K., Chandrashekara, C., Kumar, A., Kumar, A., Molecular and phenotypic characterization of 149 finger millet accessions using microsatellite and agro-morphological markers (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. B Biol. Sci., 87, pp. 1217-1228
Babu, G.A., Vinoth, A., Ravindhran, R., Direct shoot regeneration and genetic fidelity analysis in finger millet using ISSR markers (2018) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 132, pp. 157-164
Babu, T.K., Thakur, R.P., Upadhyaya, H.D., Reddy, P.N., Sharma, R., Girish, A.G., Resistance to blast (Magnaporthe grisea) in a mini-core collection of finger millet germplasm (2013) Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 135, pp. 299-311
Baker, A., Ceasar, S.A., Palmer, A.J., Paterson, J.B., Qi, W., Muench, S.P., Replace, reuse, recycle: Improving the sustainable use of phosphorus by plants (2015) J. Exp. Bot., 66, pp. 3523-3540
Bayer, G.Y., Yemets, A., Blume, Y.B., Obtaining the transgenic lines of finger millet Eleusine coracana (L.). with dinitroaniline resistance (2014) Cytol. Genet., 48, pp. 139-144
Bellucci, A., Tondelli, A., Fangel, J.U., Torp, A.M., Xu, X., Willats, W.G.T., Genome-wide association mapping in winter barley for grain yield and culm cell wall polymer content using the high-throughput CoMPP technique (2017) Plos One, 12
Bennetzen, J.L., Schmutz, J., Wang, H., Percifield, R., Hawkins, J., Pontaroli, A.C., Reference genome sequence of the model plant Setaria (2012) Nat. Biotech., 30, pp. 555-561
Borlaug, N.E., Feeding a world of 10 billion people: The miracle ahead (2002) In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant, 38, pp. 221-228
Carter, C., Pan, S., Zouhar, J., Avila, E.L., Girke, T., Raikhel, N.V., The vegetative vacuole proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals predicted and unexpected proteins (2004) Plant Cell, 16, pp. 3285-3303
Ceasar, S.A., Feeding world population amidst depleting phosphate reserves: The role of biotechnological interventions (2018) Open Biotechnol. J., 12, pp. 51-55
Ceasar, S.A., Baker, A., Ignacimuthu, S., Functional characterization of the PHT1 family transporters of foxtail millet with development of a novel Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure (2017) Sci. Rep., 7
Ceasar, S.A., Hodge, A., Baker, A., Baldwin, S.A., Phosphate concentration and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation influence the growth, yield and expression of twelve PHT1 family phosphate transporters in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) (2014) Plos One, 9
Ceasar, S.A., Ignacimuthu, S., Efficient somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from shoot apex explants of different Indian genotypes of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) (2008) In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant, 44, pp. 427-435
Ceasar, S.A., Ignacimuthu, S., Genetic engineering of millets: Current status and future prospects (2009) Biotechnol. Lett., 31, pp. 779-788
Ceasar, S.A., Ignacimuthu, S., Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) using shoot apex explants (2011) Plant Cell Rep, 30, pp. 1759-1770
Ceasar, S.A., Rajan, V., Prykhozhij, S.V., Berman, J.N., Ignacimuthu, S., Insert, remove or replace: A highly advanced genome editing system using CRISPR/Cas9 (2016) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1863, pp. 2333-2344
Chandra, D., Chandra, S., Pallavisharma, A.K., Review of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn): A power house of health benefiting nutrients (2016) Food Sci. Hum. Welln, 5, pp. 149-155
Chethan, S., Malleshi, N., Finger millet polyphenols: Optimization of extraction and the effect of pH on their stability (2007) Food Chem, 105, pp. 862-870
Chinchole, M., Pathak, R.K., Singh, U.M., Kumar, A., Molecular characterization of EcCIPK24 gene of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) for investigating its regulatory role in calcium transport (2017) 3 Biotech, 7, p. 267
Dey, M., Bakshi, S., Galiba, G., Sahoo, L., Panda, S.K., Development of a genotype independent and transformation amenable regeneration system from shoot apex in rice (Oryza sativa spp. indica) using TDZ (2012) 3 Biotech, 2, pp. 233-240
Dida, M.M., Wanyera, N., Dunn, M.L.H., Bennetzen, J.L., Devos, K.M., Population structure and diversity in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) germplasm (2008) Trop. Plant Biol., 1, pp. 131-141
Dwivedi, S.L., Upadhyaya, H.D., Senthilvel, S., Hash, C.T., Fukunaga, K., Diao, X., Millets: Genetic and genomic resources (2012) Plant Breeding Reviews, pp. 247-375. , ed. J. Janick (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley)
Eapen, S., George, L., Influence of phytohormones, carbohydrates, aminoacids, growth supplements and antibiotics on somatic embryogenesis and plant differentiation in finger millet (1990) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 22, pp. 87-93
Ekwamu, A., Influence of head blast infection on seed germination and yield components of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) (1991) Int. J. Pest Manage., 37, pp. 122-123
Fakrudin, B., Shashidhar, H., Kulkarni, R., Hittalmani, S., Genetic diversity assessment of finger millet. Eleusine coracana (Gaertn.), germplasm through RAPD analysis (2004) PGR Newslett, 138, pp. 50-54
Fan, Y., Zhou, G., Shabala, S., Chen, Z.-H., Cai, S., Li, C., Genome-wide association study reveals a new QTL for salinity tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (2016) Front. Plant Sci., 7, p. 946
(2015) World Fertilizer Trends and Outlook to 2018, , Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States
Gashaw, G., Alemu, T., Tesfaye, K., Morphological, physiological and biochemical studies on Pyricularia grisea isolates causing blast disease on finger millet in Ethiopia (2014) J. Appl. Biosci., 74, pp. 6059-6071
Goron, T.L., Bhosekar, V.K., Shearer, C.R., Watts, S., Raizada, M.N., Whole plant acclimation responses by finger millet to low nitrogen stress (2015) Front. Plant Sci., 6, p. 652
Goron, T.L., Raizada, M.N., Genetic diversity and genomic resources available for the small millet crops to accelerate a new green revolution (2015) Front. Plant Sci., 6, p. 157
Gupta, A.K., Gaur, V.S., Gupta, S., Kumar, A., Nitrate signals determine the sensing of nitrogen through differential expression of genes involved in nitrogen uptake and assimilation in finger millet (2013) Funct. Integr. Genomics, 13, pp. 179-190
Gupta, N., Gupta, A.K., Singh, N., Kumar, A., Differential expression of PBF Dof transcription factor in different tissues of three finger millet genotypes differing in seed protein content and color (2011) Plant Mol. Biol. Rep., 29, pp. 69-76
Gupta, P., Raghuvanshi, S., Tyagi, A.K., Assessment of the efficiency of various gene promoters via biolistics in leaf and regenerating seed callus of millets, Eleusine coracana and Echinochloa crus-galli (2001) Plant Biotechnol, 18, pp. 275-282
Gupta, R., Verma, K., Joshi, D.C., Yadav, D., Singh, M., Assessment of genetic relatedness among three varieties of finger millet with variable seed coat color using RAPD and ISSR markers (2010) Genet. Eng. Biotechnol. J., 2, pp. 1-9
Gupta, S., Gupta, S.M., Gupta, A.K., Gaur, V.S., Kumar, A., Fluctuation of Dof1/Dof2 expression ratio under the influence of varying nitrogen and light conditions: Involvement in differential regulation of nitrogen metabolism in two genotypes of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) (2014) Gene, 546, pp. 327-335
Gupta, S.M., Arora, S., Mirza, N., Pande, A., Lata, C., Puranik, S., Finger Millet: A “certain” crop for an “uncertain” future and a solution to food insecurity and hidden hunger under stressful environments (2017) Front. Plant Sci., 8, p. 643
Hatakeyama, M., Aluri, S., Balachadran, M.T., Sivarajan, S.R., Patrignani, A., Grüter, S., Multiple hybrid de novo genome assembly of finger millet, an orphan allotetraploid crop (2018) DNA Res, 25, pp. 39-47
Hema, R., Vemanna, R.S., Sreeramulu, S., Reddy, C.P., Senthil Kumar, M., Udayakumar, M., Stable expression of mtlD gene imparts multiple stress tolerance in finger millet (2014) Plos One, 9
Hittalmani, S., Mahesh, H., Shirke, M.D., Biradar, H., Uday, G., Aruna, Y., Genome and transcriptome sequence of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) provides insights into drought tolerance and nutraceutical properties (2017) BMC Genomics, 18, p. 465
Huang, X., Wei, X., Sang, T., Zhao, Q., Feng, Q., Zhao, Y., Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces (2010) Nat. Genet., 42, pp. 961-967
Huang, X., Yang, S., Gong, J., Zhao, Q., Feng, Q., Zhan, Q., Genomic architecture of heterosis for yield traits in rice (2016) Nature, 537, pp. 629-633
Huang, X., Zhao, Y., Wei, X., Li, C., Wang, A., Zhao, Q., Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm (2011) Nat. Genet., 44, pp. 32-39
Ignacimuthu, S., Ceasar, S.A., Development of transgenic finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) resistant to leaf blast disease (2012) J. Biosci., 37, pp. 135-147
The map-based sequence of the rice genome (2005) Nature, 436, pp. 793-800
Jagga-Chugh, S., Kachhwaha, S., Sharma, M., Kothari Chajer, A., Kothari, S., Optimization of factors influencing microprojectile bombardment-mediated genetic transformation of seed-derived callus and regeneration of transgenic plants in Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn (2012) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 109, pp. 401-410
Jeong, I.-S., Yoon, U.-H., Lee, G.-S., Ji, H.-S., Lee, H.-J., Han, C.-D., SNP-based analysis of genetic diversity in anther-derived rice by whole genome sequencing (2013) Rice, 6, p. 6
Kanwal, P., Gupta, S., Arora, S., Kumar, A., Identification of genes involved in carbon metabolism from Eleusine coracana (L.) for understanding their light-mediated entrainment and regulation (2014) Plant Cell Rep, 33, pp. 1403-1411
Kawahara, Y., de La Bastide, M., Hamilton, J.P., Kanamori, H., McCombie, W.R., Ouyang, S., Improvement of the Oryza sativa Nipponbare reference genome using next generation sequence and optical map data (2013) Rice, 6, p. 4
Khabarov, N., Obersteiner, M., Global phosphorus fertilizer market and national policies: A case study revisiting the 2008 price peak (2017) Front. Nutr., 4, p. 22
Kothari, S., Agarwal, K., Kumar, S., Inorganic nutrient manipulation for highly improved in vitro plant regeneration in finger millet-Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn (2004) In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant, 40, pp. 515-519
Kumar, A., Metwal, M., Kaur, S., Gupta, A.K., Puranik, S., Singh, S., Nutraceutical value of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.], and their improvement using omics approaches (2016) Front. Plant Sci., 7, p. 934
Kumar, A., Yadav, S., Panwar, P., Gaur, V.S., Sood, S., Identification of anchored simple sequence repeat markers associated with calcium content in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) (2015) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. B Biol. Sci., 85, pp. 311-317
Kumar, B., Kumar, J., Management of blast disease of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) through fungicides, bioagents and varietal mixture (2011) Indian Phytopathol, 64, p. 272
Kumar, S., Mangal, M., Dhawan, A., Singh, N., Assessment of genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants of Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider using RAPD and ISSR markers (2011) Acta Physiol. Plant., 33, pp. 2541-2545
Kumssa, D.B., Joy, E.J.M., Ander, E.L., Watts, M.J., Young, S.D., Walker, S., Dietary calcium and zinc deficiency risks are decreasing but remain prevalent (2015) Sci. Rep., 5
Latha, A.M., Rao, K.V., Reddy, V.D., Production of transgenic plants resistant to leaf blast disease in finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) (2005) Plant Sci, 169, pp. 657-667
Mahalakshmi, S., Christopher, G., Reddy, T., Rao, K., Reddy, V., Isolation of a cDNA clone (PcSrp) encoding serine-rich-protein from Porteresia coarctata T. and its expression in yeast and finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) affording salt tolerance (2006) Planta, 224, pp. 347-359
Maharajan, T., Ceasar, S.A., Ajeesh Krishna, T.P., Ramakrishnan, M., Duraipandiyan, V., Naif Abdulla, A.-D., Utilization of molecular markers for improving the phosphorus efficiency in crop plants (2018) Plant Breed, 137, pp. 10-26
Mahuku, G., Chen, J., Shrestha, R., Narro, L.A., Guerrero, K.V.O., Arcos, A.L., Combined linkage and association mapping identifies a major QTL (QRtsc8-1), conferring tar spot complex resistance in maize (2016) Theor. Appl. Genet., 129, pp. 1217-1229
Matthies, I.E., Malosetti, M., Röder, M.S., van Eeuwijk, F., Genome-wide association mapping for kernel and malting quality traits using historical European barley records (2014) Plos One, 9
Mgonja, M.A., Lenne, J.M., Manyasa, E., Sreenivasaprasad, S., Finger millet blast management in East Africa. Creating Opportunities for Improving Production and Utilization of Finger Millet (2007) Proceedings of the First International Finger Millet Stakeholder Workshop, p. 196. , Projects R8030 & R8445 UK Department for International Development—Crop Protection Programme, (Patancheru: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-AridTropics)
Mirza, N., Taj, G., Arora, S., Kumar, A., Transcriptional expression analysis of genes involved in regulation of calcium translocation and storage in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gartn.) (2014) Gene, 550, pp. 171-179
Mohammadi, S., Prasanna, B., Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants-salient statistical tools and considerations (2003) Crop Sci, 43, pp. 1235-1248
Mohanty, B., Gupta, S.D., Ghosh, P., Callus initiation and plant regeneration in ragi (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) (1985) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 5, pp. 147-150
Nagaraja, A., Jagadish, P., Ashok, E., Gowda, K.K., Avoidance of finger millet blast by ideal sowing time and assessment of varietal performance under rain fed production situations in Karnataka (2007) J. Mycopathol. Res., 45, pp. 237-240
Nagarjuna, K.N., Parvathi, M.S., Sajeevan, R.S., Pruthvi, V., Mamrutha, H.M., Nataraja, K.N., Full-length cloning and characterization of abiotic stress responsive CIPK31-like gene from finger millet, a drought-tolerant crop (2016) Curr. Sci., 111, pp. 890-894
Nath, M., Roy, P., Shukla, A., Kumar, A., Spatial distribution and accumulation of calcium in different tissues, developing spikes and seeds of finger millet genotypes (2013) J. Plant Nutr., 36, pp. 539-550
Parani, M., Rajesh, K., Lakshmi, M., Parducci, L., Szmidt, A., Parida, A., Species identification in seven small millet species using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of trn S-psb C gene region (2001) Genome, 44, pp. 495-499
Parvathi, M., Nataraja, K.N., Yashoda, B., Ramegowda, H., Mamrutha, H., Rama, N., Expression analysis of stress responsive pathway genes linked to drought hardiness in an adapted crop, finger millet (Eleusine coracana) (2013) J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol., 22, pp. 193-201
Parvathi, M.S., Nataraja, K.N., Discovery of stress responsive TATA-box binding protein associated Factor6 (TAF6) from finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) (2017) J. Plant Biol., 60, pp. 335-342
Patil, J., Kale, A., Study of genetic diversity in finger millet (Elesuine coracana L.) genotypes using RAPD markers (2013) Int. J. Integr. Sci. Innov. Technol., 2, pp. 31-36
Patrick, J.W., Offler, C.E., Compartmentation of transport and transfer events in developing seeds (2001) J. Exp. Bot., 52, pp. 551-564
Pudake, R.N., Mehta, C.M., Mohanta, T.K., Sharma, S., Varma, A., Sharma, A.K., Expression of four phosphate transporter genes from finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) in response to mycorrhizal colonization and Pi stress (2017) 3 Biotech, 7, p. 17
Puranik, S., Kam, J., Sahu, P.P., Yadav, R., Srivastava, R.K., Ojulong, H., Harnessing finger millet to combat calcium deficiency in humans: Challenges and prospects (2017) Front. Plant Sci., 8, p. 1311
Rahman, H., Jagadeeshselvam, N., Valarmathi, R., Sachin, B., Sasikala, R., Senthil, N., Transcriptome analysis of salinity responsiveness in contrasting genotypes of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) through RNA-sequencing (2014) Plant Mol. Biol., 85, pp. 485-503
Rahman, H., Ramanathan, V., Nallathambi, J., Duraialagaraja, S., Muthurajan, R., Over-expression of a NAC 67 transcription factor from finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) confers tolerance against salinity and drought stress in rice (2016) BMC Biotechnol, 16, p. 35
Rajendran, H.A.D., Muthusamy, R., Stanislaus, A.C., Krishnaraj, T., Kuppusamy, S., Ignacimuthu, S., Analysis of molecular variance and population structure in southern Indian finger millet genotypes using three different molecular markers (2016) J. Crop Sci. Biotechnol., 19, pp. 275-283
Ramakrishna, C., Singh, S., Raghavendrarao, S., Padaria, J.C., Mohanty, S., Sharma, T.R., The membrane tethered transcription factor EcbZIP17 from finger millet promotes plant growth and enhances tolerance to abiotic stresses (2018) Sci. Rep., 8, p. 2148
Ramakrishnan, M., Ceasar, S.A., Duraipandiyan, V., Al-Dhabi, N., Ignacimuthu, S., Assessment of genetic diversity, population structure and relationships in Indian and non-Indian genotypes of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) using genomic SSR markers (2016) Springerplus, 5, p. 120
Ramakrishnan, M., Ceasar, S.A., Duraipandiyan, V., Al-Dhabi, N., Ignacimuthu, S., Using molecular markers to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) from various geographical regions (2016) Genet. Resour. Crop Evol., 63, pp. 361-376
Ramakrishnan, M., Ceasar, S.A., Duraipandiyan, V., Vinod, K., Kalpana, K., Al-Dhabi, N., Tracing QTLs for leaf blast resistance and agronomic performance of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) genotypes through association mapping and in silico comparative genomics analyses (2016) Plos One, 11
Ramakrishnan, M., Ceasar, S.A., Vinod, K., Duraipandiyan, V., Krishna, T.A., Upadhyaya, H.D., Identification of putative QTLs for seedling stage phosphorus starvation response in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) by association mapping and cross species synteny analysis (2017) Plos One, 12
Ramegowda, V., Gill, U.S., Sivalingam, P.N., Gupta, A., Gupta, C., Govind, G., GBF3 transcription factor imparts drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana (2017) Sci. Rep., 7, p. 9148
Ramegowda, V., Senthil-Kumar, M., Nataraja, K.N., Reddy, M.K., Mysore, K.S., Udayakumar, M., Expression of a finger millet transcription factor. EcNAC1, in tobacco confers abiotic stress-tolerance (2012) Plos One, 7
Rangan, T., Growth and plantlet regeneration in tissue cultures of some Indian millets: Paspalum scrobiculatum L., Eleusine coracana Gaertn. and Pennisetum typhoideum Pers (1976) Z. Pflanzenphysiol., 78, pp. 208-216
Rao, A., Estimates of losses in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) due to blast disease (Pyricularia grisea) (1990) Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 24, pp. 57-60
Rath, G., Mishra, D., Nature of losses due to neck blast infection in ragi (1975) Sci. Cult., 41, pp. 322-323
Ren, J., Sun, D., Chen, L., You, F.M., Wang, J., Peng, Y., Genetic diversity revealed by single nucleotide polymorphism markers in a worldwide germplasm collection of durum Wheat (2013) Int. J. Mol. Sci., 14, pp. 7061-7088
Saha, D., Gowda, M.V.C., Arya, L., Verma, M., Bansal, K.C., Genetic and genomic resources of small millets (2016) Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 35, pp. 56-79
Sakamma, S., Umesh, K.B., Girish, M.R., Ravi, S.C., Satishkumar, M., Bellundagi, V., Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) production system: Status, potential, constraints and implications for improving small farmer’s welfare (2018) J. Agric. Sci., 10, pp. 162-179
Satish, L., Ceasar, S.A., Ramesh, M., Improved Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and direct plant regeneration in four cultivars of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) (2017) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 131, pp. 547-565
Satish, L., Ceasar, S.A., Shilpha, J., Rency, A.S., Rathinapriya, P., Ramesh, M., Direct plant regeneration from in vitro-derived shoot apical meristems of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) (2015) In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant, 51, pp. 192-200
Satish, L., Rathinapriya, P., Rency, A.S., Ceasar, S.A., Pandian, S., Rameshkumar, R., Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration using Gracilaria edulis and Padina boergesenii seaweed liquid extracts and genetic fidelity in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) (2016) J. Appl. Phycol., 28, pp. 2083-2098
Satish, L., Rency, A.S., Rathinapriya, P., Ceasar, S.A., Pandian, S., Rameshkumar, R., Influence of plant growth regulators and spermidine on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in four Indian genotypes of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) (2016) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 124, pp. 15-31
Sharma, D., Jamra, G., Singh, U.M., Sood, S., Kumar, A., Calcium biofortification: Three pronged molecular approaches for dissecting complex trait of calcium nutrition in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) for devising strategies of enrichment of food crops (2017) Front. Plant Sci., 7, p. 2028
Sharma, M., Kothari-Chajer, A., Jagga-Chugh, S., Kothari, S., Factors influencing Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn (2011) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 105, pp. 93-104
Shrawat, A.K., Lörz, H., Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cereals: A promising approach crossing barriers (2006) Plant Biotechnol. J., 4, pp. 575-603
Singh, R.K., Singh, V.K., Raghavendrarao, S., Phanindra, M.L.V., Raman, K.V., Solanke, A.U., Expression of finger millet EcDehydrin7 in transgenic tobacco confers tolerance to drought stress (2015) Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 177, pp. 207-216
Singh, U.M., Chandra, M., Shankhdhar, S.C., Kumar, A., Transcriptome wide identification and validation of calcium sensor gene family in the developing spikes of finger millet genotypes for elucidating its role in grain calcium accumulation (2014) Plos One, 9
Singh, U.M., Metwal, M., Singh, M., Taj, G., Kumar, A., Identification and characterization of calcium transporter gene family in finger millet in relation to grain calcium content (2015) Gene, 566, pp. 37-46
Singh, Y., Kumar, J., Study of genomic fingerprints profile of Magnaporthe grisea from finger millet (Eleusine coracana) by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) (2010) Afr. J. Biotechnol., 9, pp. 7798-7804
Sood, S., Kumar, A., Babu, B.K., Gaur, V.S., Pandey, D., Kant, L., Gene discovery and advances in finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) genomics-an important nutri-cereal of future (2016) Front. Plant Sci., 7, p. 1634
Tang, W., Wu, T., Ye, J., Sun, J., Jiang, Y., Yu, J., SNP-based analysis of genetic diversity reveals important alleles associated with seed size in rice (2016) BMC Plant Biol, 16, p. 93
Thilakarathna, M.S., Raizada, M.N., A review of nutrient management studies involving finger millet in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa (2015) Agronomy, 5, pp. 262-290
Upadhyaya, H., Gowda, C., Reddy, V.G., Morphological diversity in finger millet germplasm introduced from Southern and Eastern Africa (2007) J. SAT Agric. Res., 3, pp. 1-3
Visioni, A., Tondelli, A., Francia, E., Pswarayi, A., Malosetti, M., Russell, J., Genome-wide association mapping of frost tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (2013) BMC Genomics, 14, p. 424
Wang, X., Wang, H., Liu, S., Ferjani, A., Li, J., Yan, J., Genetic variation in ZmVPP1 contributes to drought tolerance in maize seedlings (2016) Nat. Genet., 48, pp. 1233-1241
Yamunarani, R., Govind, G., Ramegowda, V., Thammegowda, H.V., Guligowda, S.A., Genetic diversity for grain Zn concentration in finger millet genotypes: Potential for improving human Zn nutrition (2016) Crop J, 4, pp. 229-234
Yemets, A.I., Bayer, G.Y., Blume, Y.B., An effective procedure for in vitro culture of Eleusine coracana (L.) and its application (2013) ISRN Bot, 2013
Zhang, G., Liu, X., Quan, Z., Cheng, S., Xu, X., Pan, S., Genome sequence of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) provides insights into grass evolution and biofuel potential (2012) Nat. Biotechnol., 30, pp. 549-554
Zhang, M., Ye, J., Xu, Q., Feng, Y., Yuan, X., Yu, H., Genome-wide association study of cold tolerance of Chinese indica rice varieties at the bud burst stage (2018) Plant Cell Rep, 37, pp. 529-539
