Multimodality imaging in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of patients with dilated cardiomyopathies: An expert consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
Donal, E.; Service de Cardiologie, CIC-IT INSERM 1414, CHU Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, Rennes, 35000, France, LTSI, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, UMR 1099, Rennes, France, Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila- Euroecolab, Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu, Sos. Fundeni 258, Sector 2, Bucharest, 022328, Romania
Delgado, V.; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2300RC, Netherlands
Bucciarelli-Ducci, C.; Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Malborough St, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
Galli, E.; Service de Cardiologie, CIC-IT INSERM 1414, CHU Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, Rennes, 35000, France, LTSI, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, UMR 1099, Rennes, France
Haugaa, K. H.; Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo, 0372, Norway
Charron, P.; Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Cardiaques Héréditaires, APHP, ICAN, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France, Université Versailles Saint Quentin and AP-HP, CESP, INSERM U1018, Service de Génétique, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
Voigt, J.-U.; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
Cardim, N.; Cardiology Department, Hospital da Luz, Av. Lusíada, no 100, Lisbon, 1500-650, Portugal
Pinto, Y. M.; Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
Lancellotti, Patrizio ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques > Cardiologie - Pathologie spéciale et réhabilitation
Habib, G.; Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman, Liège, B.4000, Belgium, Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France
Elliott, P.; Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Edvardsen, T.; Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo, 0372, Norway
Cosyns, B.; Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Popescu, B. A.; Centrum voor Hart en Vaatziekten (CHVZ), Unversitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussel, 1090, Belgium
Multimodality imaging in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of patients with dilated cardiomyopathies: An expert consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
Publication date :
2019
Journal title :
European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging
ISSN :
2047-2404
eISSN :
2047-2412
Publisher :
Oxford University Press
Volume :
20
Issue :
10
Pages :
1075-1093
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
NIHR - National Institute for Health Research BRC - Biomedical Research Centre
Pinto YM, Elliott PM, Arbustini E, Adler Y, Anastasakis A, Bohm M. Proposal for a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy, hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy, and its implications for clinical practice: a position statement of the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J 2016;37: 1850-8.
Weintraub RG, Semsarian C, Macdonald P. Dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet 2017;390:400-14.
Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, Bilinska Z, Cecchi F, Charron P et al. Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J 2007;29:270-6.
Donal E, Lip GY, Galderisi M, Goette A, Shah D, Marwan M et al. EACVI/EHRA Expert Consensus Document on the role of multi-modality imaging for the evaluation of patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 17:355-83.
Bouabdallaoui N, Mouquet F, Lebreton G, Demondion P, Le Jemtel TH, Ennezat PV. Current knowledge and recent development on management of peripartum cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2017;6:359-66.
Caforio ALP, Adler Y, Agostini C, Allanore Y, Anastasakis A, Arad M et al. Diagnosis and management of myocardial involvement in systemic immunemediated diseases: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Disease. Eur Heart J 2017;38: 2649-62.
Japp AG, Gulati A, Cook SA, Cowie MR, Prasad SK. The diagnosis and evaluation of dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;67:2996-3010.
Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16:233-70.
Galderisi M, Cosyns B, Edvardsen T, Cardim N, Delgado V, Di Salvo G et al. Standardization of adult transthoracic echocardiography reporting in agreement with recent chamber quantification, diastolic function, and heart valve disease recommendations: an expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017;18:1301-10.
Celeng C, Leiner T, Maurovich-Horvat P, Merkely B, de Jong P, Dankbaar JW et al. Anatomical and functional computed tomography for diagnosing hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019;12:1316-25.
Soriano CJ, Ridocci F, Estornell J, Jimenez J, Martinez V, De Velasco JA. Noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with heart failure and systolic dysfunction of uncertain etiology, using late gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:743-8.
Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JG, Coats AJ et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2016;37:2129-200.
Fatkin D, Yeoh T, Hayward CS, Benson V, Sheu A, Richmond Z et al. Evaluation of left ventricular enlargement as a marker of early disease in familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2011;4:342-8.
George A, Figueredo VM. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy: a review. J Card Fail 2011; 17:844-9.
Caballero L, Kou S, Dulgheru R, Gonjilashvili N, Athanassopoulos GD, Barone D et al. Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal cardiac Doppler data: results from the NORRE Study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16: 1031-41.
Sugimoto T, Dulgheru R, Bernard A, Ilardi F, Contu L, Addetia K et al. Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left ventricular 2D strain: results from the EACVI NORRE study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017;18:833-40.
Farsalinos KE, Daraban AM, Unlu S, Thomas JD, Badano LP, Voigt JU. Head-tohead comparison of global longitudinal strain measurements among nine different vendors: the EACVI/ASE Inter-Vendor Comparison Study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015;28:1171-81.e2.
Boyd A, Stoodley P, Richards D, Hui R, Harnett P, Vo K et al. Anthracyclines induce early changes in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function: a single centre study. PLoS One 2017;12:e0175544.
Holland DJ, Marwick TH, Haluska BA, Leano R, Hordern MD, Hare JL et al. Subclinical LV dysfunction and 10-year outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heart 2015;101:1061-6.
Voigt JU, Pedrizzetti G, Lysyansky P, Marwick TH, Houle H, Baumann R et al. Definitions for a common standard for 2D speckle tracking echocardiography: consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16:1-11.
Yang H, Marwick TH, Fukuda N, Oe H, Saito M, Thomas JD et al. Improvement in strain concordance between two major vendors after the strain standardization initiative. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015;28:642-8.e7.
Lakdawala NK, Thune JJ, Colan SD, Cirino AL, Farrohi F, Rivero J et al. Subtle abnormalities in contractile function are an early manifestation of sarcomere mutations in dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2012;5:503-10.
Muraru D, Spadotto V, Cecchetto A, Romeo G, Aruta P, Ermacora D et al. New speckle-tracking algorithm for right ventricular volume analysis from three-dimensional echocardiographic data sets: validation with cardiac magnetic resonance and comparison with the previous analysis tool. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17:1279-89.
Mavrogeni S, Dimitroulas T, Kitas GD. Multimodality imaging and the emerging role of cardiac magnetic resonance in autoimmune myocarditis. Autoimmun Rev 2012;12:305-12.
Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JG, Coats AJ et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2016;37:2129-200.
Lopez-Fernandez T, Thavendiranathan P. Emerging cardiac imaging modalities for the early detection of cardiotoxicity due to anticancer therapies. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2017;70:487-95.
Boulmier D, Audinet C, Heautot JF, Larralde A, Veillard D, Hamonic S et al. Clinical contributions of 64-slice computed tomography in the evaluation of cardiomyopathy of unknown origin. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2009;102:685-96.
Naik MM, Diamond GA, Pai T, Soffer A, Siegel RJ. Correspondence of left ventricular ejection fraction determinations from two-dimensional echocardiography, radionuclide angiography and contrast cineangiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:937-42.
Zamorano JL, Lancellotti P, Rodriguez Munoz D, Aboyans V, Asteggiano R, Galderisi M et al. 2016 ESC Position Paper on cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity developed under the auspices of the ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines: the Task Force for cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2016;37:2768-801.
Charron P, Arad M, Arbustini E, Basso C, Bilinska Z, Elliott P et al. Genetic counselling and testing in cardiomyopathies: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J 2010;31:2715-26.
Lancellotti P, Anker SD, Donal E, Edvardsen T, Popescu BA, Farmakis D et al. EACVI/HFA Cardiac Oncology Toxicity Registry in breast cancer patients: rationale, study design, and methodology (EACVI/HFA COT Registry)- EURObservational Research Program of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16:466-70.
Plana JC, Galderisi M, Barac A, Ewer MS, Ky B, Scherrer-Crosbie M et al. Expert consensus for multimodality imaging evaluation of adult patients during and after cancer therapy: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;15:1063-93.
Merlo M, Pyxaras SA, Pinamonti B, Barbati G, Di Lenarda A, Sinagra G. Prevalence and prognostic significance of left ventricular reverse remodeling in dilated cardiomyopathy receiving tailored medical treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:1468-76.
Masci PG, Schuurman R, Andrea B, Ripoli A, Coceani M, Chiappino S et al. Myocardial fibrosis as a key determinant of left ventricular remodeling in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;6:790-9.
McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, Bohm M, Dickstein K et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2012;33:1787-847.
Alba AC, Foroutan F, Duero Posada J, Battioni L, Schofield T, Alhussein M et al. Implantable cardiac defibrillator and mortality in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy: an updated meta-analysis. Heart 2018;104:230-6.
Gulati A, Jabbour A, Ismail TF, Guha K, Khwaja J, Raza S et al. Association of fibrosis with mortality and sudden cardiac death in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. JAMA 2013;309:896-908.
Merlo M, Gobbo M, Stolfo D, Losurdo P, Ramani F, Barbati G et al. The prognostic impact of the evolution of RV function in idiopathic DCM. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;9:1034-42.
Venner C, Selton-Suty C, Huttin O, Erpelding M-L, Aliot E, Juilliere Y. Right ventricular dysfunction in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: prognostic value and predictive factors. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2016;109:231-41.
Mignot A, Donal E, Zaroui A, Reant P, Salem A, Hamon C et al. Global longitudinal strain as a major predictor of cardiac events in patients with depressed left ventricular function: a multicenter study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010;23: 1019-24.
Saito M, Negishi K, Eskandari M, Huynh Q, Hawson J, Moore A et al. Association of left ventricular strain with 30-day mortality and readmission in patients with heart failure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015;28:652-66.
Cho GY, Marwick TH, Kim HS, Kim MK, Hong KS, Oh DJ. Global 2-dimensional strain as a new prognosticator in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:618-24.
Carluccio E, Biagioli P, Alunni G, Murrone A, Zuchi C, Coiro S et al. Prognostic value of right ventricular dysfunction in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: superiority of longitudinal strain over tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2018;11:e006894.
Gorter TM, van Veldhuisen DJ, Bauersachs J, Borlaug BA, Celutkiene J, Coats AJS et al. Right heart dysfunction and failure in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mechanisms and management. Position statement on behalf of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2018;20:16-37.
Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, Byrd BF 3rd, Dokainish H, Edvardsen T et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17:1321-60.
Feneon D, Behaghel A, Bernard A, Fournet M, Mabo P, Daubert JC et al. Left atrial function, a new predictor of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy? Heart Rhythm 2015;12:1800-6.
Badano LP, Kolias TJ, Muraru D, Abraham TP, Aurigemma G, Edvardsen T et al. Standardization of left atrial, right ventricular, and right atrial deformation imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018;19:591-600.
Rossi A, Dini FL, Faggiano P, Agricola E, Cicoira M, Frattini S et al. Independent prognostic value of functional mitral regurgitation in patients with heart failure. A quantitative analysis of 1256 patients with ischaemic and non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart 2011;97:1675-80.
Mack M, Grayburn P Guideline-directed medical therapy for secondary mitral regurgitation: more questions than answers! JACC Heart Fail 2017 5 660-2.
Grayburn PA, Carabello B, Hung J, Gillam LD, Liang D, Mack MJ et al. Defining "severe" secondary mitral regurgitation: emphasizing an integrated approach. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:2792-801.
Lancellotti P, Tribouilloy C, Hagendorff A, Popescu BA, Edvardsen T, Pierard LA et al. Recommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an executive summary from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;14:611-44.
Naqvi TZ, Goel RK, Forrester JS, Siegel RJ. Myocardial contractile reserve on dobutamine echocardiography predicts late spontaneous improvement in cardiac function in patients with recent onset idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:1537-44.
Lee JH, Yang DH, Choi WS, Kim KH, Park SH, Bae MH et al. Prediction of improvement in cardiac function by high dose dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients with recent onset idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:1649-50.
Cortigiani L, Rigo F, Gherardi S, Bovenzi F, Molinaro S, Picano E et al. Prognostic implication of Doppler echocardiographic derived coronary flow reserve in patients with left bundle branch block. Eur Heart J 2013;34:364-73.
Rigo F, Gherardi S, Galderisi M, Pratali L, Cortigiani L, Sicari R et al. The prognostic impact of coronary flow-reserve assessed by Doppler echocardiography in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1319-23.
Neglia D, Michelassi C, Trivieri MG, Sambuceti G, Giorgetti A, Pratali L et al. Prognostic role of myocardial blood flow impairment in idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 2002;105:186-93.
Priori SG, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Mazzanti A, Blom N, Borggrefe M, Camm J et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: the Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC). Eur Heart J 2015;36:2793-867.
Goldberger JJ, Subacius H, Patel T, Cunnane R, Kadish AH. Sudden cardiac death risk stratification in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:1879-89.
Beggs SAS, Jhund PS, Jackson CE, McMurray JJV, Gardner RS. Non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, sudden death and implantable defibrillators: a review and meta-analysis. Heart 2018;104:144-50.
Køber L, Thune JJ, Nielsen JC, Haarbo J, Videbæk L, Korup E et al. Defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2016;375:1221-30.
Kadish A, Dyer A, Daubert JP, Quigg R, Estes NA, Anderson KP et al. Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2151-8.
Bansch D, Antz M, Boczor S, Volkmer M, Tebbenjohanns J, Seidl K et al. Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: the Cardiomyopathy Trial (CAT). Circulation 2002;105:1453-8.
Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, Poole JE, Toff WD, Tonkin AM et al. Home use of automated external defibrillators for sudden cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2008; 358:1793-804.
Haugaa KH, Smedsrud MK, Steen T, Kongsgaard E, Loennechen JP, Skjaerpe T et al. Mechanical dispersion assessed by myocardial strain in patients after myocardial infarction for risk prediction of ventricular arrhythmia. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2010;3:247-56.
Hasselberg NE, Haugaa KH, Sarvari SI, Gullestad L, Andreassen AK, Smiseth OA et al. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain is associated with exercise capacity in failing hearts with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16:217-24.
Haugaa KH, Marek JJ, Ahmed M, Ryo K, Adelstein EC, Schwartzman D et al. Mechanical dyssynchrony after cardiac resynchronization therapy for severely symptomatic heart failure is associated with risk for ventricular arrhythmias. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2014;27:872-9.
Popescu BA, Beladan CC, C alin A, Muraru D, Deleanu D, Roşca M et al. Left ventricular remodelling and torsional dynamics in dilated cardiomyopathy: reversed apical rotation as a marker of disease severity. Eur J Heart Fail 2009; 11:945-51.
Haland TF, Almaas VM, Hasselberg NE, Saberniak J, Leren IS, Hopp E et al. Strain echocardiography is related to fibrosis and ventricular arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17:613-21.
Gulati A, Ismail TF, Jabbour A, Alpendurada F, Guha K, Ismail NA et al. The prevalence and prognostic significance of right ventricular systolic dysfunction in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2013;128:1623-33.
Masci PG, Doulaptsis C, Bertella E, Del Torto A, Symons R, Pontone G et al. Incremental prognostic value of myocardial fibrosis in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy without congestive heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 7:448-56.
Neilan TG, Coelho-Filho OR, Danik SB, Shah RV, Dodson JA, Verdini DJ et al. CMR quantification of myocardial scar provides additive prognostic information in nonischemic cardiomyopathy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;6:944-54.
Assomull RG, Prasad SK, Lyne J, Smith G, Burman ED, Khan M et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance, fibrosis, and prognosis in dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1977-85.
Wu KC, Weiss RG, Thiemann DR, Kitagawa K, Schmidt A, Dalal D et al. Late gadolinium enhancement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance heralds an adverse prognosis in nonischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51: 2414-21.
Leyva F, Taylor RJ, Foley PW, Umar F, Mulligan LJ, Patel K et al. Left ventricular midwall fibrosis as a predictor of mortality and morbidity after cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:1659-67.
Iles L, Pfluger H, Lefkovits L, Butler MJ, Kistler PM, Kaye DM et al. Myocardial fibrosis predicts appropriate device therapy in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:821-8.
Kuruvilla S, Adenaw N, Katwal AB, Lipinski MJ, Kramer CM, Salerno M. Late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes in nonischemic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;7:250-8.
Halliday BP, Cleland JGF, Goldberger JJ, Prasad SK. Personalizing risk stratification for sudden death in dilated cardiomyopathy: the past, present, and future. Circulation 2017;136:215-31.
Aquaro GD, Perfetti M, Camastra G, Monti L, Dellegrottaglie S, Moro C et al. Cardiac MR with late gadolinium enhancement in acute myocarditis with preserved systolic function: ITAMY Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:1977-87.
Dass S, Suttie JJ, Piechnik SK, Ferreira VM, Holloway CJ, Banerjee R et al. Myocardial tissue characterization using magnetic resonance noncontrast T1 mapping in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2012;5:726-33.
Puntmann VO, Carr-White G, Jabbour A, Yu CY, Gebker R, Kelle S et al. T1-mapping and outcome in nonischemic cardiomyopathy: all-cause mortality and heart failure. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;9:40-50.
Aus Dem Siepen F, Buss SJ, Messroghli D, Andre F, Lossnitzer D, Seitz S et al. T1 mapping in dilated cardiomyopathy with cardiac magnetic resonance: quantification of diffuse myocardial fibrosis and comparison with endomyocardial biopsy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16:210-6.
Arora R, Ferrick KJ, Nakata T, Kaplan RC, Rozengarten M, Latif F et al. I-123 MIBG imaging and heart rate variability analysis to predict the need for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. J Nucl Cardiol 2003;10:121-31.
Bristow MR. The adrenergic nervous system in heart failure. N Engl J Med 1984; 311:850-1.
Hachamovitch R, Nutter B, Menon V, Cerqueira MD. Predicting risk versus predicting potential survival benefit using 123I-mIBG imaging in patients with systolic dysfunction eligible for implantable cardiac defibrillator implantation: analysis of data from the prospective ADMIRE-HF study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;8: e003110.
Klein T, Abdulghani M, Smith M, Huang R, Asoglu R, Remo BF et al. Three-dimensional 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine cardiac innervation maps to assess substrate and successful ablation sites for ventricular tachycardia: feasibility study for a novel paradigm of innervation imaging. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015;8:583-91.
Gimelli A, Liga R, Bottai M, Pasanisi EM, Giorgetti A, Fucci S et al. Diastolic dysfunction assessed by ultra-fast cadmium-zinc-telluride cardiac imaging: impact on the evaluation of ischaemia. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16:68-73.
Gimelli A, Liga R, Avogliero F, Coceani M, Marzullo P. Relationships between left ventricular sympathetic innervation and diastolic dysfunction: the role of myocardial innervation/perfusion mismatch. J Nucl Cardiol 2016;25:1101-9.
Hasselberg NE, Edvardsen T, Petri H, Berge KE, Leren TP, Bundgaard H et al. Risk prediction of ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial function in Lamin A/C mutation positive subjects. Europace 2014;16:563-71.
van Berlo JH, Duboc D, Pinto YM. Often seen but rarely recognised: cardiac complications of Lamin A/C mutations. Eur Heart J 2004;25:812-4.
van Rijsingen IA, Arbustini E, Elliott PM, Mogensen J, Hermans-van Ast JF, van der Kooi AJ et al. Risk factors for malignant ventricular arrhythmias in Lamin A/ C mutation carriers a European Cohort Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59: 493-500.
Pasotti M, Klersy C, Pilotto A, Marziliano N, Rapezzi C, Serio A et al. Longterm outcome and risk stratification in dilated cardiolaminopathies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:1250-60.
Haugaa KH, Hasselberg NE, Edvardsen T. Mechanical dispersion by strain echocardiography: a predictor of ventricular arrhythmias in subjects with Lamin A/C mutations. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;8:104-6.
Leclercq C, Kass DA. Retiming the failing heart: principles and current clinical status of cardiac resynchronization. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:194-201.
Chung ES, Leon AR, Tavazzi L, Sun JP, Nihoyannopoulos P, Merlino J et al. Results of the predictors of response to CRT (PROSPECT) trial. Circulation 2008;117:2608-16.
Ruschitzka F, Abraham WT, Singh JP, Bax JJ, Borer JS, Brugada J et al. Cardiacresynchronization therapy in heart failure with a narrow QRS complex. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1395-405.
Stankovic I, Prinz C, Ciarka A, Daraban AM, Kotrc M, Aarones M et al. Relationship of visually assessed apical rocking and septal flash to response and long-term survival following cardiac resynchronization therapy (PREDICTCRT). Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17:262-9.
Menet A, Bernard A, Tribouilloy C, Leclercq C, Gevaert C, Guyomar Y et al. Clinical significance of septal deformation patterns in heart failure patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 18:1388-97.
Risum N, Tayal B, Hansen TF, Bruun NE, Jensen MT, Lauridsen TK et al. Identification of typical left bundle branch block contraction by strain echocardiography is additive to electrocardiography in prediction of long-term outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:631-41.
Parsai C, Bijnens B, Sutherland GR, Baltabaeva A, Claus P, Marciniak M et al. Toward understanding response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: left ventricular dyssynchrony is only one of multiple mechanisms. Eur Heart J 2009;30: 940-9.
Dillon JC, Chang S, Feigenbaum H. Echocardiographic manifestations of left bundle branch block. Circulation 1974;49:876-80.
Stankovic I, Belmans A, Prinz C, Ciarka A, Maria Daraban A, Kotrc M et al. The association of volumetric response and long-term survival after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017;18:1109-17.
Stankovic I, Aarones M, Smith HJ, Voros G, Kongsgaard E, Neskovic AN et al. Dynamic relationship of left-ventricular dyssynchrony and contractile reserve in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2014;35: 48-55.
Voigt JU, Schneider TM, Korder S, Szulik M, Gurel E, Daniel WG et al. Apical transverse motion as surrogate parameter to determine regional left ventricular function inhomogeneities: a new, integrative approach to left ventricular asynchrony assessment. Eur Heart J 2008;30:959-68.
Mada RO, Lysyansky P, Duchenne J, Beyer R, Mada C, Muresan L et al. New automatic tools to identify responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016;29:966-72.
Parsai C, Baltabaeva A, Anderson L, Chaparro M, Bijnens B, Sutherland GR. Low-dose dobutamine stress echo to quantify the degree of remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2008;30:950-8.
Claus P, Omar AMS, Pedrizzetti G, Sengupta PP, Nagel E. Tissue tracking technology for assessing cardiac mechanics: principles, normal values, and clinical applications. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;8:1444-60.
AlJaroudi W, Chen J, Jaber WA, Lloyd SG, Cerqueira MD, Marwick T. Nonechocardiographic imaging in evaluation for cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011;4:334-43.
Nowak B, Sinha AM, Schaefer WM, Koch KC, Kaiser HJ, Hanrath P et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy homogenizes myocardial glucose metabolism and perfusion in dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:1523-8.
Urheim S, Rabben SI, Skulstad H, Lyseggen E, Ihlen H, Smiseth OA. Regional myocardial work by strain Doppler echocardiography and LV pressure: a new method for quantifying myocardial function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 288:H2375-80.
Galli E, Leclercq C, Fournet M, Hubert A, Bernard A, Smiseth OA et al. Value of myocardial work estimation in the prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2018;31:220-30.
Galli E, Leclercq C, Hubert A, Bernard A, Smiseth OA, Mabo P et al. Role of myocardial constructive work in the identification of responders to CRT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018;19:1010-8.
Galli E, Leclercq C, Donal E. Mechanical dyssynchrony in heart failure: still a valid concept for optimizing treatment? Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2017;110:60-8.
Marsan NA, Westenberg JJ, Ypenburg C, van Bommel RJ, Roes S, Delgado V et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: relative merits of left ventricular dyssynchrony and scar tissue. Eur Heart J 2009;30:2360-7.
Hendel RC, Friedrich MG, Schulz-Menger J, Zemmrich C, Bengel F, Berman DS et al. CMR first-pass perfusion for suspected inducible myocardial ischemia. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;9:1338-48.
Garbi M, Edvardsen T, Bax J, Petersen SE, McDonagh T, Filippatos G et al. EACVI appropriateness criteria for the use of cardiovascular imaging in heart failure derived from European National Imaging Societies voting. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17:711-21.
Ellenbogen KA, Gold MR, Meyer TE, Fernndez Lozano I, Mittal S, Waggoner AD et al. Primary results from the SmartDelay determined AV optimization: a comparison to other AV delay methods used in cardiac resynchronization therapy (SMART-AV) trial: a randomized trial comparing empirical, echocardiography-guided, and algorithmic atrioventricular delay programming in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation 2010;122:2660-8.
Auger D, Hoke U, Bax JJ, Boersma E, Delgado V. Effect of atrioventricular and ventriculoventricular delay optimization on clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy: a meta-analysis. Am Heart J 2013;166:20-9.
Nazarian S, Hansford R, Rahsepar AA, Weltin V, McVeigh D, Gucuk Ipek E et al. Safety of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiac devices. N Engl J Med 2017;377:2555-64.
Sabzevari K, Oldman J, Herrey AS, Moon JC, Kydd AC, Manisty C. Provision of magnetic resonance imaging for patients with 'MR-conditional' cardiac implantable electronic devices: an unmet clinical need. Europace 2017;19:425-31.
Gold MR, Daubert C, Abraham WT, Ghio S, St John Sutton M, Hudnall JH et al. The effect of reverse remodeling on long-term survival in mildly symptomatic patients with heart failure receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy: results of the REVERSE study. Heart Rhythm 2015;12:524-30.
Jurcut R, Giusca S, La Gerche A, Vasile S, Ginghina C, Voigt JU. The echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle: what to do in 2010? Eur J Echocardiogr 2010;11:81-96.
Grant AD, Smedira NG, Starling RC, Marwick TH. Independent and incremental role of quantitative right ventricular evaluation for the prediction of right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:521-8.
Cameli M, Lisi M, Righini FM, Focardi M, Lunghetti S, Bernazzali S et al. Speckle tracking echocardiography as a new technique to evaluate right ventricular function in patients with left ventricular assist device therapy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013;32:424-30.
Badano LP, Kolias TJ, Muraru D, Abraham TP, Aurigemma G, Edvardsen T et al. Standardization of left atrial, right ventricular, and right atrial deformation imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018;19:591-600.
Addetia K, Uriel N, Maffessanti F, Sayer G, Adatya S, Kim GH et al. 3D Morphological Changes in LV and RV During LVAD Ramp Studies. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018;11:159-69.
Uriel N, Sayer G, Addetia K, Fedson S, Kim GH, Rodgers D et al. Hemodynamic ramp tests in patients with left ventricular assist devices. JACC Heart Fail 2016;4:208-17.
Burkhoff D, Sayer G, Doshi D, Uriel N. Hemodynamics of mechanical circulatory support. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:2663-74.
Patel JB, Borgeson DD, Barnes ME, Rihal CS, Daly RC, Redfield MM. Mitral regurgitation in patients with advanced systolic heart failure. J Card Fail 2004;10: 285-91.
Zoghbi WA, Adams D, Bonow RO, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, Grayburn PA et al. Recommendations for noninvasive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography developed in collaboration with the society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017;30:303-71.
Kamperidis V, van Wijngaarden SE, van Rosendael PJ, Kong WK, Regeer MV, van der Kley F et al. Mitral valve repair for secondary mitral regurgitation in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with left ventricular reverse remodelling and increase of forward flow. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 19:208-15.
Nishimura RA, Vahanian A, Eleid MF, Mack MJ. Mitral valve disease-current management and future challenges. Lancet 2016;387:1324-34.
Stone GW, Lindenfeld J, Abraham WT, Kar S, Lim DS, Mishell JM et al. Transcatheter mitral-valve repair in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 2018;379:2307.
Obadia JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, Leurent G, Iung B, Bonnet G, Piriou N et al. Percutaneous repair or medical treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med 2018;379:2297.
Grayburn PA, Sannino A, Packer M. Proportionate and disproportionate functional mitral regurgitation: a new conceptual framework that reconciles the results of the MITRA-FR and COAPT trials. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019;12: 353-62.
Garbi M, McDonagh T, Cosyns B, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Edvardsen T, Kitsiou A et al. Appropriateness criteria for cardiovascular imaging use in heart failure: report of literature review. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16: 147-53.
Donal E, Delgado V, Magne J, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Leclercq C, Cosyns B et al. Rational and design of EuroCRT: an international observational study on multimodality imaging and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017;18:1120-7.
Galderisi M, Cardim N, D'Andrea A, Bruder O, Cosyns B, Davin L et al. The multi-modality cardiac imaging approach to the Athlete's heart: an expert consensus of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16:353.
Towbin JA, Lorts A, Jefferies JL. Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Lancet 2015;386:813-25.
Thavendiranathan P, Dahiya A, Phelan D, Desai MY, Tang WH. Isolated left ventricular non-compaction controversies in diagnostic criteria, adverse outcomes and management. Heart 2013;99:681-9.
Oechslin E, Jenni R. Left ventricular non-compaction revisited: a distinct phenotype with genetic heterogeneity? Eur Heart J 2011;32:1446-56.
Estep JD, Stainback RF, Little SH, Torre G, Zoghbi WA et al. The role of echocardiography and other imaging modalities in patients with left ventricular assist devices. JACC Cardioavasc Imaging 2010;3:1049-64.
