Armstrong, J.R., Willand, L., Gonzalez, B., Sandhu, J., Mosier, M.J., Quantitative analysis of estimated burn size accuracy for transfer patients. J Burn Care Res 38 (2017), e30–e35.
Baartmans, M.G.A., van Baar, M.E., Boxma, H., Dokter, J., Tibboel, D., Nieuwenhuis, M.K., Accuracy of burn size assessment prior to arrival in Dutch burn centres and its consequences in children: a nationwide evaluation. Injury 43 (2012), 1451–1456, 10.1016/j.injury.2011.06.027.
Collis, N., Smith, G., Fenton, O.M., Accuracy of burn size estimation and subsequent fluid resuscitation prior to arrival at the Yorkshire Regional Burns Unit. A three-year retrospective study. Burns 25 (1999), 345–351.
Harish, V., Raymond, A.P., Issler, A.C., Lajevardi, S.S., Chang, L.-Y., Maitz, P.K.M., et al. Accuracy of burn size estimation in patients transferred to adult Burn Units in Sydney, Australia: an audit of 698 patients. Burns 41 (2015), 91–99, 10.1016/j.burns.2014.05.005.
Sadideen, H., D'Asta, F., Moiemen, N., Wilson, Y., Does overestimation of burn size in children requiring fluid resuscitation cause any harm?. J Burn Care Res 38 (2017), e546–e551, 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000382.
Wachtel, T.L., Berry, C.C., Wachtel, E.E., Frank, H.A., The inter-rater reliability of estimating the size of burns from various burn area chart drawings. Burns 26 (2000), 156–170.
Godwin, Z., Tan, J., Bockhold, J., Ma, J., Tran, N.K., Development and evaluation of a novel smart device-based application for burn assessment and management. Burns 41 (2015), 754–760, 10.1016/j.burns.2014.10.006.
Fontaine, M., Ravat, F., Latarjet, J., The e-burn application – A simple mobile tool to assess TBSA of burn wounds. Burns 44 (2018), 237–238, 10.1016/j.burns.2017.09.020.
Ehrl, D., Heidekrueger, P.I., Ninkovic, M., Broer, P.N., Effect of primary admission to burn centers on the outcomes of severely burned patients. Burns 44 (2018), 524–530, 10.1016/j.burns.2018.01.002.
Goverman, J., Bittner, E.A., Friedstat, J.S., Moore, M., Nozari, A., Ibrahim, A.E., et al. Discrepancy in initial pediatric burn estimates and its impact on fluid resuscitation. J Burn Care Res 36 (2015), 574–579, 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000185.
Jault, P., Donat, N., Leclerc, T., Cirodde, A., Davy, A., Hoffmann, C., et al. Les premières heures du brûlé grave. J Eur Urgences Reanim 24 (2012), 138–146, 10.1016/j.jeurea.2012.09.003.
Hettiaratchy, S., Papini, R., Initial management of a major burn: II—assessment and resuscitation. BMJ 329 (2004), 101–103, 10.1136/bmj.329.7457.101.
Wolf, S.E., Rose, J.K., Desai, M.H., Mileski, J.P., Barrow, R.E., Herndon, D.N., Mortality determinants in massive pediatric burns. An analysis of 103 children with > or = 80% TBSA burns (> or = 70% full-thickness). Ann Surg 225 (1997), 554–565, 10.1097/00000658-199705000-00012 [discussion 565–569].
Jackson, P.C., Hardwicke, J., Bamford, A., Nightingale, P., Wilson, Y., Papini, R., et al. Revised estimates of mortality from the Birmingham Burn Centre, 2001–2010: a continuing analysis over 65 years. Ann Surg 259 (2014), 979–984, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31829160ca.
Muller, M.J., Pegg, S.P., Rule, M.R., Determinants of death following burn injury: determinants of death following burn injury. Br J Surg 88 (2001), 583–587, 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2001.01726.x.
Cassidy, T.J., Edgar, D.W., Phillips, M., Cameron, P., Cleland, H., Wood, F.M., Transfer time to a specialist burn service and influence on burn mortality in Australia and New Zealand: a multi-centre, hospital based retrospective cohort study. Burns 41 (2015), 735–741, 10.1016/j.burns.2015.01.016.
Jeschke, M.G., Pinto, R., Kraft, R., Nathens, A.B., Finnerty, C.C., Gamelli, R.L., et al. Morbidity and survival probability in burn patients in modern burn care. Crit Care Med 43 (2015), 808–815, 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000790.
Al-Mousawi, A.M., Mecott-Rivera, G.A., Jeschke, M.G., Herndon, D.N., Burn teams and burn centers: the importance of a comprehensive team approach to burn care. Clin Plast Surg 36 (2009), 547–554, 10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.015.
MacKenzie, E.J., Rivara, F.P., Jurkovich, G.J., Nathens, A.B., Frey, K.P., Egleston, B.L., et al. A national evaluation of the effect of trauma-center care on mortality. N Engl J Med 354 (2006), 366–378, 10.1056/NEJMsa052049.
Mirski, M., Chang, C., Cowan, R., Impact of a neuroscience intensive care unit on neurosurgical patient outcomes and cost of care. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 13 (2001), 83–92.
Kim, M.M., Barnato, A.E., Angus, D.C., Fleisher, L.A., Fleisher, L.F., Kahn, J.M., The effect of multidisciplinary care teams on intensive care unit mortality. Arch Intern Med 170 (2010), 369–376, 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.521.
Dupont, A., Paget, L., Pasquereau, A., Rigou, A., Thélot, B., Les victimes de brûlures: hospitalisations selon le PMSI. France métropolitaine. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 64, 2016, S215, 10.1016/j.respe.2016.06.188.
Klein, M.B., Nathens, A.B., Emerson, D., Heimbach, D.M., Gibran, N.S., An analysis of the long-distance transport of burn patients to a regional burn center. J Burn Care Res 28 (2007), 49–55, 10.1097/BCR.0B013E31802C894B.
Hagstrom, M., Wirth, G.A., Evans, G.R.D., Ikeda, C.J., A review of emergency department fluid resuscitation of burn patients transferred to a regional, verified burn center. Ann Plast Surg 51 (2003), 173–176, 10.1097/01.SAP.0000058494.24203.99.
Blom, L., Boissin, C., Allorto, N., Wallis, L., Hasselberg, M., Laflamme, L., Accuracy of acute burns diagnosis made using smartphones and tablets: a questionnaire-based study among medical experts. BMC Emerg Med, 17, 2017, 39, 10.1186/s12873-017-0151-4.
McManus, J., Salinas, J., Morton, M., Lappan, C., Poropatich, R., Teleconsultation program for deployed soldiers and healthcare professionals in remote and austere environments. Prehosp Disaster Med 23 (2008), 210–216 [discussion 217].
Warner, P.M., Coffee, T.L., Yowler, C.J., Outpatient burn management. Surg Clin North Am 94 (2014), 879–892, 10.1016/j.suc.2014.05.009.
Berkebile, B.L., Goldfarb, I.W., Slater, H., Comparison of burn size estimates between prehospital reports and burn center evaluations. J Burn Care Rehabil 7 (1986), 411–412.
Freiburg, C., Igneri, P., Sartorelli, K., Rogers, F., Effects of differences in percent total body surface area estimation on fluid resuscitation of transferred burn patients. J Burn Care Res 28 (2007), 42–48, 10.1097/BCR.0B013E31802C88B2.
Wallace, D.L., Hussain, A., Khan, N., Wilson, Y.T., A systematic review of the evidence for telemedicine in burn care: with a UK perspective. Burns 38 (2012), 465–480, 10.1016/j.burns.2011.09.024.
Holt, B., Faraklas, I., Theurer, L., Cochran, A., Saffle, J.R., Telemedicine use among burn centers in the United States: a survey. J Burn Care Res 33 (2012), 157–162, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31823d0b68.
Boccara, D., Bekara, F., Soussi, S., Legrand, M., Chaouat, M., Mimoun, M., et al. Ongoing development and evaluation of a method of telemedicine: burn care management with a smartphone. J Burn Care Res 39 (2018), 580–584, 10.1093/jbcr/irx022.
Jung, E.-Y., Kang, H.W., Park, I.-H., Park, D.K., Proposal on the establishment of telemedicine guidelines for Korea. Healthcare Info Res, 21, 2015, 255, 10.4258/hir.2015.21.4.255.
Sheridan, R.L., Burn care: results of technical and organizational progress. JAMA 290 (2003), 719–722, 10.1001/jama.290.6.719.
Light, T.D., Latenser, B.A., Kealey, G.P., Wibbenmeyer, L.A., Rosenthal, G.E., Sarrazin, M.V., The effect of burn center and burn center volume on the mortality of burned adults—An analysis of the data in the national burn repository. J Burn Care Res 30 (2009), 776–782, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181b47ed2.
Kastenmeier, A., Faraklas, I., Cochran, A., Pham, T.N., Young, S.R., Gibran, N.S., et al. The evolution of resource utilization in regional burn centers. J Burn Care Res 31 (2010), 130–136, 10.1097/bcr.0b013e3181cb8ca2.
Holmes, J.H., Carter, J.E., Neff, L.P., Cairns, B.A., d'Agostino, R.B., Griffin, L.P., et al. The effectiveness of regionalized burn care: an analysis of 6873 burn admissions in North Carolina from 2000 to 2007. J Am Coll Surg, 212, 2011, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.12.044 [487–493.e6].
Hranjec, T., Burn-center quality improvement: are burn outcomes dependent on admitting facilities and is there a volume-outcome “Sweet-Spot”?. Am Surg 78 (2012), 559–566, 10.1016/j.burns.2017.11.003.
Win, T.S., Nizamoglu, M., Maharaj, R., Smailes, S., El-Muttardi, N., Dziewulski, P., Relationship between multidisciplinary critical care and burn patients survival: a propensity-matched national cohort analysis. Burns 44 (2018), 57–64, 10.1016/j.burns.2017.11.003.
Palmieri, T.L., London, J.A., O'Mara, M.S., Greenhalgh, D.G., Analysis of admissions and outcomes in verified and nonverified burn centers. J Burn Care Res 29 (2008), 208–212, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31815f31b4.
Gomez, M., Tushinski, M., Jeschke, M.G., Impact of early inpatient rehabilitation on adult burn survivors’ functional outcomes and resource utilization. J Burn Care Res 38 (2017), e311–e317, 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000377.
Mason, S.A., Nathens, A.B., Byrne, J.P., Fowler, R.A., Karanicolas, P.J., Moineddin, R., et al. Burn center care reduces acute health care utilization after discharge: a population-based analysis of 1895 survivors of major burn injury. Surgery 162 (2017), 891–900, 10.1016/j.surg.2017.05.018.
Ong, Y.S., Samuel, M., Song, C., Meta-analysis of early excision of burns. Burns 32 (2006), 145–150, 10.1016/j.burns.2005.09.005.
Pegg, S.P., Burn epidemiology in the Brisbane and Queensland area. Burns 31 (2005), S27–S31, 10.1016/j.burns.2004.10.004.
Ivy, M.E., Atweh, N.A., Palmer, J., Possenti, P.P., Pineau, M., D'Aiuto, M., Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in burn patients. J Trauma 49 (2000), 387–391.
Strang, S.G., Van Lieshout, E.M.M., Breederveld, R.S., Van Waes, O.J.F., A systematic review on intra-abdominal pressure in severely burned patients. Burns 40 (2014), 9–16, 10.1016/j.burns.2013.07.001.
Blocker, T.G., Moyer, C.A., Delayed coverage of the burn wound and joint movement. Womack, N.A., (eds.) On burns, 1953, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 172 [n.d.].
Hobson, K.G., Young, K.M., Ciraulo, A., Palmieri, T.L., Greenhalgh, D.G., Release of abdominal compartment syndrome improves survival in patients with burn injury. J Trauma 53 (2002), 1129–1133, 10.1097/01.TA.0000034227.90946.6D [discussion 1133–1134].
Orgill, D.P., Piccolo, N., Escharotomy and decompressive therapies in burns. J Burn Care Res 30 (2009), 759–768, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181b47cd3.
de Barros, M.E.P.M., Coltro, P.S., Hetem, C.M.C., Vilalva, K.H., Farina, J.A., Revisiting escharotomy in patients with burns in extremities. J Burn Care Res 38 (2017), e691–e698, 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000476.
ISBI Practice Guidelines Committee, Ahuja, R.B., Gibran, N., Greenhalgh, D., Jeng, J., Mackie, D., et al. ISBI practice guidelines for burn care. Burns 42 (2016), 953–1021, 10.1016/j.burns.2016.05.013.
European Practice Guideline for Burn Care 2017. https://www.euroburn.org/documents/.
Joint Trauma System Clinical Practice Guidelines. Burn Care 2016. https://jts.amedd.army.mil/assets/docs/cpgs/JTS_Clinical_Practice_Guidelines_(CPGs)/Burn_Care_11_May_2016_ID12.pdf.
New Zealand National Burn Service. Escharotomy Guidelines n.d. http://www.nationalburnservice.co.nz/assets/Documents/Policies-and-guidelines/01d76a6e70/escharotomy-guidelines.pdf.
Darton A, NSW ACI. Clinical Practice Guidelines: escharotoy for burn patients. n.d. https://www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/162633/Escharotomy_CPG_new_format.pdf.
Pruitt, B.A., Dowling, J.A., Moncrief, J.A., Escharotomy in early burn care. Arch Surg 96 (1968), 502–507, 10.1001/archsurg.1968.01330220018003.
Brown, R.L., Greenhalgh, D.G., Kagan, R.J., Warden, G.D., The adequacy of limb escharotomies-fasciotomies after referral to a major burn center. J Trauma 37 (1994), 916–920.
Burd, A., Noronha, F.V., Ahmed, K., Chan, J.Y.W., Ayyappan, T., Ying, S.Y., et al. Decompression not escharotomy in acute burns. Burns 32 (2006), 284–292, 10.1016/j.burns.2005.11.017.
Salisbury, R.E., Taylor, J.W., Levine, N.S., Evaluation of digital escharotomy in burned hands. Plast Reconstr Surg 58 (1976), 440–443.
Arturson, G., The los alfaques disaster: a boiling-liquid, expanding-vapour explosion. Burns 7 (1981), 233–251, 10.1016/0305-4179(81)90104-2.
Moyer, C.A., Margraf, H.W., Monafo, W.W., Burn shock and extravascular sodium deficiency—Treatment with Ringer's solution with lactate. Arch Surg 90 (1965), 799–811, 10.1001/archsurg.1965.01320120001001.
Baxter, C.R., Shires, T., Physiological response to crystalloid resuscitation of severe burns. Ann N Y Acad Sci 150 (1968), 874–894.
Asch, M.J., Feldman, R.J., Walker, H.L., Foley, F.D., Popp, R.L., Mason, A.D., et al. Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic changes accompanying thermal injury. Ann Surg 178 (1973), 218–221.
Soussi, S., Deniau, B., Ferry, A., Levé, C., Benyamina, M., Maurel, V., et al. Low cardiac index and stroke volume on admission are associated with poor outcome in critically ill burn patients: a retrospective cohort study. Ann Intensive Care, 6, 2016, 87, 10.1186/s13613-016-0192-y.
Lorente, J.A., Ezpeleta, A., Esteban, A., Gordo, F., de la Cal, M.A., Díaz, C., et al. Systemic hemodynamics, gastric intramucosal PCO2 changes, and outcome in critically ill burn patients. Crit Care Med 28 (2000), 1728–1735.
Soussi, S., Taccori, M., De Tymowski, C., Depret, F., Chaussard, M., Fratani, A., et al. Risk factors for acute mesenteric ischemia in critically ill burns patients – a matched case control study. Shock 51:2 (2019), 153–160.
Barrow, R.E., Jeschke, M.G., Herndon, D.N., Early fluid resuscitation improves outcomes in severely burned children. Resuscitation 45 (2000), 91–96.
Soar, J., Nolan, J.P., Böttiger, B.W., Perkins, G.D., Lott, C., Carli, P., et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015. Resuscitation 95 (2015), 100–147, 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.016.
Marichy, J., Vaudelin, T., Marin-Laflltche, I., Gueugniaud, P.-Y., Couchard, C., Transportation of burn patients. Annals of the MBC, 2, 1989.
Soussi, S., Berger, M.M., Colpaert, K., Dunser, M.W., Guttormsen, A.B., Juffermans, N.P., et al. Hemodynamic management of critically ill burn patients: an international survey. Crit Care, 22, 2018, 194, 10.1186/s13054-018-2129-3.
Gille, J., Klezcewski, B., Malcharek, M., Raff, T., Mogk, M., Sablotzki, A., et al. Safety of resuscitation with Ringer's acetate solution in severe burn (VolTRAB) – an observational trial. Burns 40 (2014), 871–880, 10.1016/j.burns.2013.11.021.
Aoki, K., Yoshino, A., Yoh, K., Sekine, K., Yamazaki, M., Aikawa, N., A comparison of Ringer's lactate and acetate solutions and resuscitative effects on splanchnic dysoxia in patients with extensive burns. Burns 36 (2010), 1080–1085, 10.1016/j.burns.2010.04.002.
Semler, M.W., Self, W.H., Wanderer, J.P., Ehrenfeld, J.M., Wang, L., Byrne, D.W., et al. Balanced crystalloids versus saline in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 378 (2018), 829–839, 10.1056/NEJMoa1711584.
Sen, A., Keener, C.M., Sileanu, F.E., Foldes, E., Clermont, G., Murugan, R., et al. Chloride content of fluids used for large-volume resuscitation is associated with reduced survival. Crit Care Med 45 (2017), e146–e153, 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002063.
Yunos, N.M., Bellomo, R., Hegarty, C., Story, D., Ho, L., Bailey, M., Association between a chloride-liberal vs chloride-restrictive intravenous fluid administration strategy and kidney injury in critically ill adults. JAMA 308 (2012), 1566–1572, 10.1001/jama.2012.13356.
Rochwerg, B., Alhazzani, W., Sindi, A., Heels-Ansdell, D., Thabane, L., Fox-Robichaud, A., et al. Fluid resuscitation in sepsis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ann Internal Med, 161, 2014, 347, 10.7326/M14-0178.
Soussi, S., Ferry, A., Chaussard, M., Legrand, M., Chloride toxicity in critically ill patients: what's the evidence?. Anaesthesia Crit Care Pain Med 36 (2017), 125–130, 10.1016/j.accpm.2016.03.008.
Raghunathan, K., Shaw, A., Nathanson, B., Stürmer, T., Brookhart, A., Stefan, M.S., et al. Association between the choice of IV crystalloid and in-hospital mortality among critically ill adults with sepsis. Crit Care Med 42 (2014), 1585–1591, 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000305.
Underhill, F.P., The significance of anhydremia in extensive superficial burns. J Am Med Assoc 95 (1930), 852–857, 10.1001/jama.1930.02720120020006.
Cope, O., Moore, F.D., A study of capillary permeability in experimental burns and burn shock using radioactive dyes in blood and lymph. J Clin Invest 23 (1944), 241–257, 10.1172/JCI101487.
Evans, E.I., Purnell, O.J., Robinett, P.W., Batchelor, A., Martin, M., Fluid and electrolyte requirements in severe burns. Ann Surg 135 (1952), 804–817, 10.1097/00000658-195206000-00006.
Arturson – 1981 – The los alfaques disaster A boiling-liquid, expan.pdf n.d.
Pruitt, B.A. Jr., Wolf, S.E., An historical perspective on advances in burn care over the past 100 years. Clin Plast Surg 36 (2009), 527–545, 10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.007.
Chung, K.K., Salinas, J., Renz, E.M., Alvarado, R.A., King, B.T., Barillo, D.J., et al. Simple derivation of the initial fluid rate for the resuscitation of severely burned adult combat casualties: in silico validation of the rule of 10. J Trauma 69:Suppl. 1 (2010), S49–S54, 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e425f1.
Graves, T.A., Cioffi, W.G., McManus, W.F., Mason, A.D., Pruitt, B.A., Fluid resuscitation of infants and children with massive thermal injury. J Trauma 28 (1988), 1656–1659.
Merrell, S.W., Saffle, J.R., Sullivan, J.J., Navar, P.D., Kravitz, M., Warden, G.D., Fluid resuscitation in thermally injured children. Am J Surg 152 (1986), 664–669.
Walker, T.L.J., Rodriguez, D.U., Coy, K., Hollén, L.I., Greenwood, R., Young, A.E.R., Impact of reduced resuscitation fluid on outcomes of children with 10–20% body surface area scalds. Burns 40 (2014), 1581–1586, 10.1016/j.burns.2014.02.013.
Walker, S.M., Franck, L.S., Fitzgerald, M., Myles, J., Stocks, J., Marlow, N., Long-term impact of neonatal intensive care and surgery on somatosensory perception in children born extremely preterm. Pain 141 (2009), 79–87, 10.1016/j.pain.2008.10.012.
Hollén, L., Coy, K., Day, A., Young, A., Resuscitation using less fluid has no negative impact on hydration status in children with moderate sized scalds: a prospective single-centre UK study. Burns 43 (2017), 1499–1505, 10.1016/j.burns.2017.04.011.
Saffle, J.R., The phenomenon of “fluid creep” in acute burn resuscitation. J Burn Care Res 28 (2007), 382–395, 10.1097/BCR.0B013E318053D3A1.
Pruitt, B.A., Fluid and electrolyte replacement in the burned patient. Surg Clin North Am 58 (1978), 1291–1312.
Kelly, J.F., McLaughlin, D.F., Oppenheimer, J.H., Simmons, J.W. 2nd., Cancio, L.C., Wade, C.E., et al. A novel means to classify response to resuscitation in the severely burned: derivation of the KMAC value. Burns 39 (2013), 1060–1066, 10.1016/j.burns.2013.05.016.
Sanchez, M., Garcia-de-Lorenzo, A., Herrero, E., Lopez, T., Galvan, B., Asensio, M., et al. A protocol for resuscitation of severe burn patients guided by transpulmonary thermodilution and lactate levels: a 3-year prospective cohort study. Crit Care, 17, 2013, R176, 10.1186/cc12855.
Csontos, C., Foldi, V., Fischer, T., Bogar, L., Arterial thermodilution in burn patients suggests a more rapid fluid administration during early resuscitation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 52 (2008), 742–749, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01658.x.
Holm, C., Mayr, M., Tegeler, J., Horbrand, F., Henckel von Donnersmarck, G., Muhlbauer, W., et al. A clinical randomized study on the effects of invasive monitoring on burn shock resuscitation. Burns 30 (2004), 798–807, 10.1016/j.burns.2004.06.016.
Salinas, J., Chung, K.K., Mann, E.A., Cancio, L.C., Kramer, G.C., Serio-Melvin, M.L., et al. Computerized decision support system improves fluid resuscitation following severe burns: an original study. Crit Care Med 39 (2011), 2031–2038, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31821cb790.
Gueugniaud, P.Y., Vilasco, B., Pham, E., Hirschauer, C., Bouchard, C., Fabreguette, A., et al. [Severe burnt patients: hemodynamic state, oxygen transport and consumption, plasma cytokines]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 15 (1996), 27–35.
Nagpal, A., Clingenpeel, M.-M., Thakkar, R.K., Fabia, R., Lutmer, J., Positive cumulative fluid balance at 72 h is associated with adverse outcomes following acute pediatric thermal injury. Burns 44 (2018), 1308–1316, 10.1016/j.burns.2018.01.018.
Stutchfield, C., Davies, A., Young, A., Fluid resuscitation in paediatric burns: how do we get it right? A systematic review of the evidence. Arch Dis Child 104 (2018), 280–285, 10.1136/archdischild-2017-314504.
Kraft, R., Herndon, D.N., Branski, L.K., Finnerty, C.C., Leonard, K.R., Jeschke, M.G., Optimized fluid management improves outcomes of pediatric burn patients. J Surg Res 181 (2013), 121–128, 10.1016/j.jss.2012.05.058.
Soussi, S., Depret, F., Benyamina, M., Legrand, M., Early hemodynamic management of critically ill burn patients. Anesthesiology 129 (2018), 583–589, 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002314.
Klein, M.B., Hayden, D., Elson, C., Nathens, A.B., Gamelli, R.L., Gibran, N.S., et al. The association between fluid administration and outcome following major burn. Ann Surg 245 (2007), 622–628, 10.1097/01.sla.0000252572.50684.49.
Markell, K.W., Renz, E.M., White, C.E., Albrecht, M.E., Blackbourne, L.H., Park, M.S., et al. Abdominal complications after severe burns. J Am Coll Surg 208 (2009), 940–947, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.12.023 [discussion 947–949].
Eljaiek, R., Heylbroeck, C., Dubois, M.-J., Albumin administration for fluid resuscitation in burn patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Burns 43 (2017), 17–24, 10.1016/j.burns.2016.08.001.
Navickis, R.J., Greenhalgh, D.G., Wilkes, M.M., Albumin in burn shock resuscitation: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical studies. J Burn Care Res 37 (2016), e268–e278, 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000201.
Lawrence, A., Faraklas, I., Watkins, H., Allen, A., Cochran, A., Morris, S., et al. Colloid administration normalizes resuscitation ratio and ameliorates “fluid creep.”. J Burn Care Res 31 (2010), 40–47, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181cb8c72.
Park, S.H., Hemmila, M.R., Wahl, W.L., Early albumin use improves mortality in difficult to resuscitate burn patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 73 (2012), 1294–1297, 10.1097/TA.0b013e31827019b1.
Cochran, A., Morris, S.E., Edelman, L.S., Saffle, J.R., Burn patient characteristics and outcomes following resuscitation with albumin. Burns 33 (2007), 25–30, 10.1016/j.burns.2006.10.005.
Ennis, J.L., Chung, K.K., Renz, E.M., Barillo, D.J., Albrecht, M.C., Jones, J.A., et al. Joint Theater Trauma System implementation of burn resuscitation guidelines improves outcomes in severely burned military casualties. J Trauma 64 (2008), S146–S151, 10.1097/TA.0b013e318160b44c [discussion S151–152].
Cooper, A.B., Cohn, S.M., Zhang, H.S., Hanna, K., Stewart, T.E., Slutsky, A.S., et al. Five percent albumin for adult burn shock resuscitation: lack of effect on daily multiple organ dysfunction score. Transfusion 46 (2006), 80–89, 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.00667.x.
Caironi, P., Tognoni, G., Masson, S., Fumagalli, R., Pesenti, A., Romero, M., et al. Albumin replacement in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. N Engl J Med 370 (2014), 1412–1421, 10.1056/NEJMoa1305727.
Müller Dittrich, M.H., Brunow de Carvalho, W., Lopes Lavado, E., Evaluation of the “early” use of albumin in children with extensive burns: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Crit Care Med 17 (2016), e280–e286, 10.1097/PCC.0000000000000728.
Faraklas, I., Lam, U., Cochran, A., Stoddard, G., Saffle, J., Colloid normalizes resuscitation ratio in pediatric burns. J Burn Care Res 32 (2011), 91–97, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e318204b379.
Cai, A.R., Hodgman, E.I., Kumar, P.B., Sehat, A.J., Eastman, A.L., Wolf, S.E., Evaluating pre burn center intubation practices: an update. J Burn Care Res 38 (2017), e23–e29, 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000457.
Eastman, A.L., Arnoldo, B.A., Hunt, J.L., Purdue, G.F., Pre-burn center management of the burned airway: do we know enough?. J Burn Care Res 31 (2010), 701–705, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181eebe4f.
Romanowski, K.S., Palmieri, T.L., Sen, S., Greenhalgh, D.G., More than one third of intubations in patients transferred to burn centers are unnecessary: proposed guidelines for appropriate intubation of the burn patient. J Burn Care Res 37 (2016), e409–e414, 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000288.
Madnani, D.D., Steele, N.P., de Vries, E., Factors that predict the need for intubation in patients with smoke inhalation injury. Ear Nose Throat J 85 (2006), 278–280.
Esnault, P., Prunet, B., Cotte, J., Marsaa, H., Prat, N., Lacroix, G., et al. Tracheal intubation difficulties in the setting of face and neck burns: myth or reality?. Am J Emerg Med 32 (2014), 1174–1178, 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.07.014.
Conti, B.M., Fouché-Weber, L.Y., Richards, J.E., Grissom, T., Images in anesthesiology: video laryngoscopy for intubation after smoke inhalation. Anesthesiology, 127, 2017, 709, 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001655.
Deutsch, C.J., Tan, A., Smailes, S., Dziewulski, P., The diagnosis and management of inhalation injury: an evidence based approach. Burns 44 (2018), 1040–1051, 10.1016/j.burns.2017.11.013.
Endorf, F.W., Gamelli, R.L., Inhalation injury, pulmonary perturbations, and fluid resuscitation. J Burn Care Res 28 (2007), 80–83, 10.1097/BCR.0B013E31802C889F.
Ikonomidis, C., Lang, F., Radu, A., Berger, M.M., Standardizing the diagnosis of inhalation injury using a descriptive score based on mucosal injury criteria. Burns 38 (2012), 513–519, 10.1016/j.burns.2011.11.009.
You, K., Yang, H.-T., Kym, D., Yoon, J., Haejun, Y., Cho, Y.-S., et al. Inhalation injury in burn patients: establishing the link between diagnosis and prognosis. Burns 40 (2014), 1470–1475, 10.1016/j.burns.2014.09.015.
Ramon, P., Wallaert, B., Galizzia, J.P., Gesterman, X., Voisin, C., [Value of tracheobronchial endoscopy in facial burns]. Rev Mal Respir 2 (1985), 97–101.
Masanès, M.-J., Legendre, C., Lioret, N., Saizy, R., Lebeau, B., Using bronchoscopy and biopsy to diagnose early inhalation injury. Chest 107 (1995), 1365–1369, 10.1378/chest.107.5.1365.
Hassan, Z., Wong, J.K., Bush, J., Bayat, A., Dunn, K.W., Assessing the severity of inhalation injuries in adults. Burns 36 (2010), 212–216, 10.1016/j.burns.2009.06.205.
Mosier, M.J., Pham, T.N., Park, D.R., Simmons, J., Klein, M.B., Gibran, N.S., Predictive value of bronchoscopy in assessing the severity of inhalation injury. J Burn Care Res 33 (2012), 65–73, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e318234d92f.
Albright, J.M., Davis, C.S., Bird, M.D., Ramirez, L., Kim, H., Burnham, E.L., et al. The acute pulmonary inflammatory response to the graded severity of smoke inhalation injury. Crit Care Med 40 (2012), 1113–1121, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182374a67.
Bai, C., Huang, H., Yao, X., Zhu, S., Li, B., Hang, J., et al. Application of flexible bronchoscopy in inhalation lung injury. Diagn Pathol, 8, 2013, 174, 10.1186/1746-1596-8-174.
Ching, J.A., Ching, Y.-H., Shivers, S.C., Karlnoski, R.A., Payne, W.G., Smith, D.J., An analysis of inhalation injury diagnostic methods and patient outcomes. J Burn Care Res 37 (2016), e27–e32, 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000313.
Spano, S., Hanna, S., Li, Z., Wood, D., Cartotto, R., Does bronchoscopic evaluation of inhalation injury severity predict outcome?. J Burn Care Res 37 (2016), 1–11, 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000320.
Aung, M.T., Garner, D., Pacquola, M., Rosenblum, S., McClure, J., Cleland, H., et al. The use of a simple three-level bronchoscopic assessment of inhalation injury to predict in-hospital mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation in patients with burns. Anaesth Intensive Care 46 (2018), 67–73.
Carr, J.A., Phillips, B.D., Bowling, W.M., The utility of bronchoscopy after inhalation injury complicated by pneumonia in burn patients: results from the national burn repository. J Burn Care Res 30 (2009), 967–974, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181bfb77b [PAP].
Carr, J.A., Crowley, N., Prophylactic sequential bronchoscopy after inhalation injury: results from a three-year prospective randomized trial. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 39 (2013), 177–183, 10.1007/s00068-013-0254-x.
Thombs, B.D., Patient and injury characteristics, mortality risk, and length of stay related to child abuse by burning: evidence from a national sample of 15,802 pediatric admissions. Ann Surg 247 (2008), 519–523, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31815b4480.
Kraft, R., Herndon, D.N., Al-Mousawi, A.M., Williams, F.N., Finnerty, C.C., Jeschke, M.G., Burn size and survival probability in paediatric patients in modern burn care: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet 379 (2012), 1013–1021, 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61345-7.
Tan, A., Smailes, S., Friebel, T., Magdum, A., Frew, Q., El-Muttardi, N., et al. Smoke inhalation increases intensive care requirements and morbidity in paediatric burns. Burns 42 (2016), 1111–1115, 10.1016/j.burns.2016.02.010.
Travis, T.E., Moffatt, L.T., Jordan, M.H., Shupp, J.W., Factors impacting the likelihood of death in patients with small TBSA burns. J Burn Care Res 36 (2015), 203–212, 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000113.
Walker, P.F., Buehner, M.F., Wood, L.A., Boyer, N.L., Driscoll, I.R., Lundy, J.B., et al. Diagnosis and management of inhalation injury: an updated review. Crit Care, 19, 2015, 351, 10.1186/s13054-015-1077-4.
Anseeuw, K., Delvau, N., Burillo-Putze, G., De Iaco, F., Geldner, G., Holmström, P., et al. Cyanide poisoning by fire smoke inhalation: a European expert consensus. Eur J Emerg Med 20 (2013), 2–9, 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328357170b.
Erdman, A.R., Is hydroxocobalamin safe and effective for smoke inhalation? Searching for guidance in the haze. Ann Emerg Med 49 (2007), 814–816, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.03.006.
for the PRONOBURN Study Group, Legrand, M., Michel, T., Daudon, M., Benyamina, M., Ferry, A., et al. Risk of oxalate nephropathy with the use of cyanide antidote hydroxocobalamin in critically ill burn patients. Intensive Care Med 42 (2016), 1080–1081, 10.1007/s00134-016-4252-4.
Baud, F.J., Haidar, M.K., Jouffroy, R., Raphalen, J.-H., Lamhaut, L., Carli, P., Determinants of lactic acidosis in acute cyanide poisonings. Crit Care Med 46 (2018), e523–e529, 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003075.
Mintegi, S., Azkunaga, B., Prego, J., Qureshi, N., Dalziel, S.R., Arana-Arri, E., et al. International epidemiological differences in acute poisonings in pediatric emergency departments. Pediatr Emerg Care 35 (2019), 50–57, 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001031.
Baud, F.J., Barriot, P., Toffis, V., Riou, B., Vicaut, E., Lecarpentier, Y., et al. Elevated blood cyanide concentrations in victims of smoke inhalation. N Engl J Med 325 (1991), 1761–1766, 10.1056/NEJM199112193252502.
Mintegi, S., Clerigue, N., Tipo, V., Ponticiello, E., Lonati, D., Burillo-Putze, G., et al. Pediatric cyanide poisoning by fire smoke inhalation: a European expert consensus. Toxicology Surveillance System of the Intoxications Working Group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Emergencies. Pediatr Emerg Care 29 (2013), 1234–1240, 10.1097/PEC.0b013e3182aa4ee1.
Mathieu, D., Marroni, A., Kot, J., Tenth European Consensus Conference on Hyperbaric Medicine: recommendations for accepted and non-accepted clinical indications and practice of hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Diving Hyperb Med 47 (2017), 24–32, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.10.012.
Wolf, S.J., Lavonas, E.J., Sloan, E.P., Jagoda, A.S., Clinical policy: critical issues in the management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Ann Emerg Med 51 (2008), 138–152, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.10.012.
Weaver, L.K., Howe, S., Hopkins, R., Chan, K.J., Carboxyhemoglobin half-life in carbon monoxide-poisoned patients treated with 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Chest 117 (2000), 801–808, 10.1378/chest.117.3.801.
Villanueva, E., Bennett, M.H., Wasiak, J., Lehm, J.P., Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for thermal burns. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004, 10.1002/14651858.CD004727.pub2.
Depetris, N., Raineri, S., Pantet, O., Lavrentieva, A., Management of pain, anxiety, agitation and delirium in burn patients: a survey of clinical practice and a review of the current literature. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 31 (2018), 97–108.
Porter, C., Tompkins, R.G., Finnerty, C.C., Sidossis, L.S., Suman, O.E., Herndon, D.N., The metabolic stress response to burn trauma: current understanding and therapies. Lancet 388 (2016), 1417–1426, 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31469-6.
Yamashita, S., Kaneda, K., Han, T.-H., Population pharmacokinetics of a propofol bolus administered in patients with major burns. Burns 36 (2010), 1215–1221, 10.1016/j.burns.2010.03.003.
Sauder, P., Andreoletti, M., Cambonie, G., Capellier, G., Feissel, M., Gall, O., et al. [Sedation and analgesia in intensive care (with the exception of new-born babies). French Society of Anesthesia and Resuscitation. French-speaking Resuscitation Society]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 27 (2008), 541–551, 10.1016/j.annfar.2008.04.021.
Vivien, B., Adnet, F., Bounes, V., Chéron, G., Combes, X., David, J.-S., et al. [Sedation and analgesia in emergency structure. Reactualization 2010 of the Conference of Experts of Sfar of 1999]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 31 (2012), 391–404, 10.1016/j.annfar.2012.02.006.
Wasiak, J., Mahar, P.D., McGuinness, S.K., Spinks, A., Danilla, S., Cleland, H., et al. Intravenous lidocaine for the treatment of background or procedural burn pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014, 10.1002/14651858.CD005622.pub4.
Town, C.J., Johnson, J., Van Zundert, A., Strand, H., Exploring the role of regional anesthesia in the treatment of the burn-injured patient: a narrative review of current literature. Clin J Pain 35 (2019), 368–374, 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000680.
Scheffler, M., Koranyi, S., Meissner, W., Strauß, B., Rosendahl, J., Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for procedural pain relief in adults undergoing burn wound care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Burns 44 (2018), 1709–1720, 10.1016/j.burns.2017.11.019.
Patterson, D.R., Hofland, H.W.C., Hoflund, H., Espey, K., Sharar, S., Nursing Committee of the International Society for Burn Injuries. Pain management. Burns 30 (2004), A10–A15, 10.1016/j.burns.2004.08.004.
Wood, F.M., Phillips, M., Jovic, T., Cassidy, J.T., Cameron, P., Edgar, D.W., et al. Water first aid is beneficial in humans post-burn: evidence from a bi-national cohort study. PLoS ONE, 11, 2016, e0147259, 10.1371/journal.pone.0147259.
Harish, V., Tiwari, N., Fisher, O.M., Li, Z., Maitz, P.K.M., First aid improves clinical outcomes in burn injuries: evidence from a cohort study of 4918 patients. Burns 45 (2019), 433–439, 10.1016/j.burns.2018.09.024.
Bartlett, N., Yuan, J., Holland, A.J.A., Harvey, J.G., Martin, H.C.O., La Hei, E.R., et al. Optimal duration of cooling for an acute scald contact burn injury in a porcine model. J Burn Care Res 29 (2008), 828–834, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181855c9a.
Yuan, J., Wu, C., Holland, A.J.A., Harvey, J.G., Martin, H.C.O., La Hei, E.R., et al. Assessment of cooling on an acute scald burn injury in a porcine model. J Burn Care Res 28 (2007), 514–520, 10.1097/BCR.0B013E318053DB13.
Cuttle, L., Kempf, M., Kravchuk, O., Phillips, G.E., Mill, J., Wang, X.-Q., et al. The optimal temperature of first aid treatment for partial thickness burn injuries. Wound Repair Regen 16 (2008), 626–634, 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2008.00413.x.
Shulman, A.G., Ice water as primary treatment of burns. Simple method of emergency treatment of burns to alleviate pain, reduce sequelae, and hasten healing. JAMA 173 (1960), 1916–1919.
Rajan, V., Bartlett, N., Harvey, J.G., Martin, H.C.O., La Hei, E.R., Arbuckle, S., et al. Delayed cooling of an acute scald contact burn injury in a porcine model: is it worthwhile?. J Burn Care Res 30 (2009), 729–734, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181ac059b.
Venter, T.H.J., Karpelowsky, J.S., Rode, H., Cooling of the burn wound: the ideal temperature of the coolant. Burns 33 (2007), 917–922, 10.1016/j.burns.2006.10.408.
Singer, A.J., Taira, B.R., HCT Jr., McCormack, J.E., Shapiro, M., Aydin, A., et al. The association between hypothermia, prehospital cooling, and mortality in burn victims. Acad Emerg Med 17 (2010), 456–459, 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00702.x.
Steele, J.E., Atkins, J.L., Vizcaychipi, M.P., Factors at scene and in transfer related to the development of hypothermia in major burns. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 29 (2016), 103–107.
Lönnecker, S., Schoder, V., [Hypothermia in patients with burn injuries: influence of prehospital treatment]. Chirurg 72 (2001), 164–167.
Baartmans, M.G.A., de Jong, A.E.E., van Baar, M.E., Beerthuizen, G.I.J.M., van Loey, N.E.E., Tibboel, D., et al. Early management in children with burns: cooling, wound care and pain management. Burns 42 (2016), 777–782, 10.1016/j.burns.2016.03.003.
Cox, S.G., Martinez, R., Glick, A., Numanoglu, A., Rode, H., A review of community management of paediatric burns. Burns 41 (2015), 1805–1810, 10.1016/j.burns.2015.05.024.
Cooper, D.D., Seupaul, R.A., Is water effective for wound cleansing?. Ann Emerg Med 60 (2012), 626–627, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.06.011.
Fernandez, R., Griffiths, R., Water for wound cleansing. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012, CD003861, 10.1002/14651858.CD003861.pub3.
Wasiak, J., Cleland, H., Campbell, F., Dressings for superficial and partial thickness burns. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008, CD002106, 10.1002/14651858.CD002106.pub3.
Azzopardi, E.A., Azzopardi, E., Camilleri, L., Villapalos, J., Boyce, D.E., Dziewulski, P., et al. Gram negative wound infection in hospitalised adult burn patients – systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 9, 2014, e95042, 10.1371/journal.pone.0095042.
Avni, T., Levcovich, A., Ad-El, D.D., Leibovici, L., Paul, M., Prophylactic antibiotics for burns patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 340, 2010, c241, 10.1136/bmj.c241.
Tagami, T., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., Yasunaga, H., Prophylactic antibiotics may improve outcome in patients with severe burns requiring mechanical ventilation: propensity score analysis of a Japanese Nationwide Database. Clin Infect Dis 62 (2016), 60–66, 10.1093/cid/civ763.
Magiorakos, A.-P., Srinivasan, A., Carey, R.B., Carmeli, Y., Falagas, M.E., Giske, C.G., et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 18 (2012), 268–281, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x.
Mochizuki, H., Trocki, O., Dominioni, L., Brackett, K.A., Joffe, S.N., Alexander, J.W., Mechanism of prevention of postburn hypermetabolism and catabolism by early enteral feeding. Ann Surg 200 (1984), 297–310.
Vicic, V.K., Radman, M., Kovacic, V., Early initiation of enteral nutrition improves outcomes in burn disease. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 22 (2013), 543–547, 10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.4.13.
Lam, N.N., Tien, N.G., Khoa, C.M., Early enteral feeding for burned patients—An effective method which should be encouraged in developing countries. Burns 34 (2008), 192–196, 10.1016/j.burns.2007.03.010.
Chiarelli, A., Enzi, G., Casadei, A., Baggio, B., Valerio, A., Mazzoleni, F., Very early nutrition supplementation in burned patients. Am J Clin Nutr 51 (1990), 1035–1039, 10.1093/ajcn/51.6.1035.
Venter, M., Rode, H., Sive, A., Visser, M., Enteral resuscitation and early enteral feeding in children with major burns—Effect on McFarlane response to stress. Burns 33 (2007), 464–471, 10.1016/j.burns.2006.08.008.
Allard, J.P., Pichard, C., Hoshino, E., Stechison, S., Fareholm, L., Peters, W.J., et al. Validation of a new formula for calculating the energy requirements of burn patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 14 (1990), 115–118, 10.1177/0148607190014002115.
Royall, D., Fairholm, L., Peters, W.J., Jeejeebhoy, K.N., Allard, J.P., Continuous measurement of energy expenditure in ventilated burn patients: an analysis. Crit Care Med 22 (1994), 399–406.
Suman, O.E., Mlcak, R.P., Chinkes, D.L., Herndon, D.N., Resting energy expenditure in severely burned children: analysis of agreement between indirect calorimetry and prediction equations using the Bland-Altman method. Burns 32 (2006), 335–342, 10.1016/j.burns.2005.10.023.
Cynober, L., Bargues, L., Berger, M.M., Carsin, H., Chioléro, R., Garrel, D., et al. Recommandations nutritionnelles chez le grand brûlé (Trans.) Nutritional recommendations for severe burn victims Nutr Clin Metab 19 (2005), 166–194, 10.1016/j.nupar.2005.07.001.
Lin, J.-J., Chung, X.-J., Yang, C.-Y., Lau, H.-L., A meta-analysis of trials using the intention to treat principle for glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients with burn. Burns 39 (2013), 565–570, 10.1016/j.burns.2012.11.008.
van Zanten, A.R.H., Dhaliwal, R., Garrel, D., Heyland, D.K., Enteral glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care, 19, 2015, 294, 10.1186/s13054-015-1002-x.
Falder, S., Silla, R., Phillips, M., Rea, S., Gurfinkel, R., Baur, E., et al. Thiamine supplementation increases serum thiamine and reduces pyruvate and lactate levels in burn patients. Burns 36 (2010), 261–269, 10.1016/j.burns.2009.04.012.
Barbosa, E., Faintuch, J., Machado Moreira, E.A., Gonçalves da Silva, V.R., Lopes Pereima, M.J., Martins Fagundes, R.L., et al. Supplementation of vitamin E, vitamin C, and zinc attenuates oxidative stress in burned children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Burn Care Res 30 (2009), 859–866, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181b487a8.
Mayes, T., Gottschlich, M.M., Khoury, J., Kagan, R.J., Investigation of bone health subsequent to vitamin D supplementation in children following burn injury. Nutr Clin Pract 30 (2015), 830–837, 10.1177/0884533615587720.
Rousseau, A.-F., Foidart-Desalle, M., Ledoux, D., Remy, C., Croisier, J.-L., Damas, P., et al. Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation and optimized calcium intakes on vitamin D status, muscle strength and bone health: a one-year pilot randomized controlled trial in adults with severe burns. Burns 41 (2015), 317–325, 10.1016/j.burns.2014.07.005.
Rousseau, A.-F., Damas, P., Ledoux, D., Lukas, P., Carlisi, A., Le Goff, C., et al. Vitamin D status after a high dose of cholecalciferol in healthy and burn subjects. Burns 41 (2015), 1028–1034, 10.1016/j.burns.2014.11.011.
Rousseau, A.-F., Damas, P., Ledoux, D., Cavalier, E., Effect of cholecalciferol recommended daily allowances on vitamin D status and fibroblast growth factor-23: an observational study in acute burn patients. Burns 40 (2014), 865–870, 10.1016/j.burns.2013.11.015.
Klein, G.L., Herndon, D.N., Chen, T.C., Kulp, G., Holick, M.F., Standard multivitamin supplementation does not improve vitamin D insufficiency after burns. J Bone Miner Metab 27 (2009), 502–506, 10.1007/s00774-009-0065-7.
Klein, G.L., Chen, T.C., Holick, M.F., Langman, C.B., Price, H., Celis, M.M., et al. Synthesis of vitamin D in skin after burns. Lancet 363 (2004), 291–292, 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15388-3.
Stucki, P., Perez, M.-H., Cotting, J., Shenkin, A., Berger, M.M., Substitution of exudative trace element losses in burned children. Crit Care, 14, 2010, 439, 10.1186/cc9198.
Berger, M.M., Antioxidant micronutrients in major trauma and burns: evidence and practice. Nutr Clin Pract 21 (2006), 438–449, 10.1177/0115426506021005438.
Sebastian, R., Ghanem, O., DiRoma, F., Milner, S.M., Price, L.A., Pulmonary embolism in burns, is there an evidence based prophylactic recommendation? Case report and review of literature. Burns 41 (2015), e4–e7, 10.1016/j.burns.2014.06.018.
Rue, L.W., Cioffi, W.G., Rush, R., McManus, W., Pruitt, B.A., Thromboembolic complications in thermally injured patients. World J Surg 16 (1992), 1151–1155.
Harrington, D.T., Mozingo, D.W., Cancio, L., Bird, P., Jordan, B., Goodwin, C.W., Thermally injured patients are at significant risk for thromboembolic complications. J Trauma 50 (2001), 495–499, 10.1097/00005373-200103000-00014.
Mullins, F., Mian, M.A.H., Jenkins, D., Brandigi, C., Shaver, J.R., Friedman, B., et al. Thromboembolic complications in burn patients and associated risk factors. J Burn Care Res 34 (2013), 355–360, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31827819a1.
Alyafi, T., Alkahtani, M., Alturki, N., Ashi, M., The incidence of the deep veins thrombosis among adult and pediatric Saudi patients with burns. National Guard hospital between 20102015. Arch Clin Exp Surg (ACES), 8, 2019, 1, 10.5455/aces.20180621121428.
Fecher, A.M., O'Mara, M.S., Goldfarb, I.W., Slater, H., Garvin, R., Birdas, T.J., et al. Analysis of deep vein thrombosis in burn patients. Burns 30 (2004), 591–593, 10.1016/j.burns.2003.12.019.
Bushwitz, J., LeClaire, A., He, J., Mozingo, D., Clinically significant venous thromboembolic complications in burn patients receiving unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin as prophylaxis. J Burn Care Res 32 (2011), 578–582, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31822dc3c7.
Barret, J.P., Dziewulski, P.G., Complications of the hypercoagulable status in burn injury. Burns 32 (2006), 1005–1008, 10.1016/j.burns.2006.02.018.
Busche, M.N., Herold, C., Krämer, R., Knobloch, K., Vogt, P.M., Evaluation of prophylactic anticoagulation, deep venous thrombosis, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in 21 burn centers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Ann Plast Surg 67 (2011), 17–24, 10.1097/SAP.0b013e31821bd4bc.
Wahl, W.L., Brandt, M.-M., Potential risk factors for deep venous thrombosis in burn patients. J Burn Care Rehabil 22 (2001), 128–131, 10.1097/00004630-200103000-00008.
Pannucci, C.J., Osborne, N.H., Wahl, W.L., Venous thromboembolism in thermally injured patients: analysis of the national burn repository. J Burn Care Res 32 (2011), 6–12, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e318204b2ff.
Wahl, W.L., Brandt, M., Ahrns, K.S., Zajkowski, P.J., Proctor, M.C., Wakefield, T.W., et al. Venous thrombosis incidence in burn patients: preliminary results of a prospective study: 41. J Burn Care Rehabil, 22, 2001, S66, 10.1097/00004630-200103002-00041.
Wait, M., Hunt, J., Purdue, J., Duplex scanning of central vascular access sites in burn patients. Ann Surg 211 (1990), 499–503, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e318204b2ff.
Wibbenmeyer, L.A., Hoballah, J.J., Amelon, M.J., Chang, P.X., Loret de Mola, R.M., Lewis, R.D., et al. The prevalence of venous thromboembolism of the lower extremity among thermally injured patients determined by duplex sonography. J Trauma 55 (2003), 1162–1167, 10.1097/01.TA.0000057149.42968.1D.
Li, Q., Ba, T., Wang, L.-F., Chen, Q., Li, F., Xue, Y., Stratification of venous thromboembolism risk in burn patients by Caprini score. Burns 45 (2019), 140–145, 10.1016/j.burns.2018.08.006.
Ahuja, R.B., Bansal, P., Pradhan, G.S., Subberwal, M., An analysis of deep vein thrombosis in burn patients (Part 1): comparison of D-dimer and Doppler ultrasound as screening tools. Burns 42 (2016), 1686–1692, 10.1016/j.burns.2016.08.005.
Hejl, C.G., Leclerc, T., Bargues, L., Samson, T., Foissaud, V., Incidence and features of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in burn patients: a retrospective study. Thromb Haemost 99 (2008), 974–976, 10.1160/TH07-10-0625.
Duranteau, J., Taccone, F.S., Verhamme, P., Ageno, W., European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: intensive care. Eur J Anaesthesiol 35 (2017), 142–146, 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000707.
Arevalo Velasco, A., Del Campo Balsa, T., Gomez Bajo, C., Cuesta Garcia, V., Garcia Muhoz, S., Lopez Pastor, A., et al. Hypercoagulation in burn patients – Efficacy of thromboembolic prophalyxis. Ann Medit Burns Club, 6, 1993, 5.
Lin, H., Faraklas, I., Cochran, A., Saffle, J., Enoxaparin and antifactor Xa levels in acute burn patients. J Burn Care Res 32 (2011), 1–5, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e318204b346.
