Electron-doped copper oxide; Ionic liquid gating; Volatile and non-volatile superconductivity
Abstract :
[en] Manipulating the superconducting states of high transition temperature (high-Tc) cuprate superconductors in an efficient and reliable way is of great importance for their applications in next generation electronics. Here, employing ionic liquid gating, a selective control of volatile and nonvolatile superconductivity is achieved in pristine insulating Pr2CuO4±δ (PCO) films, based on two distinct mechanisms. Firstly, with positive electric fields, the film can be reversibly switched between superconducting and non-superconducting states, attributed to the carrier doping effect. Secondly, the film becomes more resistive by applying negative bias voltage up to −4 V, but strikingly, a non-volatile superconductivity is achieved once the gate voltage is removed. Such phenomenon represents a distinctive route of manipulating superconductivity in PCO, resulting from the doping healing of oxygen vacancies in copper-oxygen planes as unravelled by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope and in situ x-ray diffraction experiments. The effective manipulation of volatile/non-volatile superconductivity in the same parent cuprate brings more functionalities to superconducting electronics, as well as supplies flexible samples for investigating the nature of quantum phase transitions in high-Tc superconductors.
Disciplines :
Physics
Author, co-author :
Wei, Xinjian; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Li, Hao-Bo; State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Zhang, Qinghua; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Li, Dong; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Qin, Mingyang; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Xu, Li; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Hu, Wei; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Huan, Qing; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Yu, Li; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Miao, Jun; State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Yuan, Jie; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Zhu, Beiyi; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Kusmartseva, Anna; Department of Physics, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, UK
Kusmartsev, Feo V.; Department of Physics, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, UK
Silhanek, Alejandro ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de physique > Physique expérimentale des matériaux nanostructurés
Xiang, Tao; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Yu, Weiqiang; Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
Lin, Yuan; State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
Gu, Lin; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Yu, Pu; State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Chen, Qihong; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Jin, Kui; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Armitage, N.P., Fournier, P., Greene, R.L., Progress and perspectives on electron-doped cuprates. Rev Mod Phys 82 (2010), 2421–2487.
Keimer, B., Kivelson, S.A., Norman, M.R., et al. From quantum matter to high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides. Nature 518 (2015), 179–186.
Jin, K., Butch, N.P., Kirshenbaum, K., et al. Link between spin fluctuations and electron pairing in copper oxide superconductors. Nature 476 (2011), 73–75.
Bozovic, I., He, X., Wu, J., et al. Dependence of the critical temperature in overdoped copper oxides on superfluid density. Nature 536 (2016), 309–311.
Baumans, X.D.A., Lombardo, J., Brisbois, J., et al. Healing effect of controlled anti-electromigration on conventional and high-Tc superconducting nanowires. Small, 13, 2017, 1700384.
Kang, H.J., Dai, P., Campbell, B.J., et al. Microscopic annealing process and its impact on superconductivity in T’-structure electron-doped copper oxides. Nat Mater 6 (2007), 224–229.
Motoyama, E.M., Yu, G., Vishik, I.M., et al. Spin correlations in the electron-doped high-transition-temperature superconductor Nd2−xCexCuo4±δ. Nature 445 (2007), 186–189.
Matsumoto, O., Utsuki, A., Tsukada, A., et al. Superconductivity in undoped T’-Re2CuO4 with Tc over 30 K. Physica C 468 (2008), 1148–1151.
Ueno, K., Nakamura, S., Shimotani, H., et al. Electric-field-induced superconductivity in an insulator. Nat Mater 7 (2008), 855–858.
Yuan, H., Shimotani, H., Tsukazaki, A., et al. High-density carrier accumulation in ZnO field-effect transistors gated by electric double layers of ionic liquids. Adv Funct Mater 19 (2009), 1046–1053.
Scherwitzl, R., Zubko, P., Lezama, I.G., et al. Electric-field control of the metal-insulator transition in ultrathin NdNiO3 films. Adv Mater 22 (2010), 5517–5520.
Hwang, H.Y., Iwasa, Y., Kawasaki, M., et al. Emergent phenomena at oxide interfaces. Nat Mater 11 (2012), 103–113.
Bisri, S.Z., Shimizu, S., Nakano, M., et al. Endeavor of iontronics: from fundamentals to applications of ion-controlled electronics. Adv Mater, 29, 2017, 1607054.
Chen, Q., Lu, J., Liang, L., et al. Continuous low-bias switching of superconductivity in a MoS2 transistor. Adv Mater, 30, 2018, 1800399.
Ye, J.T., Inoue, S., Kobayashi, K., et al. Liquid-gated interface superconductivity on an atomically flat film. Nat Mater 9 (2010), 125–128.
Ye, J.T., Zhang, Y.J., Akashi, R., et al. Superconducting dome in a gate-tuned band insulator. Science 338 (2012), 1193–1196.
Bollinger, A.T., Dubuis, G., Yoon, J., et al. Superconductor–insulator transition in La2−xSrxCuO4 at the pair quantum resistance. Nature 472 (2011), 458–460.
Leng, X., Garcia-Barriocanal, J., Bose, S., et al. Electrostatic control of the evolution from a superconducting phase to an insulating phase in ultrathin YBa2Cu3O7−x films. Phys Rev Lett, 107, 2011, 027001.
Zeng, S.W., Huang, Z., Lv, W.M., et al. Two-dimensional superconductor-insulator quantum phase transitions in an electron-doped cuprate. Phys Rev B, 92, 2015, 020503(R).
Zhang, L., Zeng, S., Yin, X., et al. The mechanism of electrolyte gating on high-Tc cuprates: the role of oxygen migration and electrostatics. ACS Nano 11 (2017), 9950–9956.
Matsuoka, H., Nakano, M., Uchida, M., et al. Signatures of charge-order correlations in transport properties of electron-doped cuprate superconductors. Phys Rev B, 98, 2018, 144506.
Lei, B., Cui, J.H., Xiang, Z.J., et al. Evolution of high-temperature superconductivity from a low-Tc phase tuned by carrier concentration in FeSe thin flakes. Phys Rev Lett, 116, 2016, 077002.
Lu, N., Zhang, P., Zhang, Q., et al. Electric-field control of tri-state phase transformation with a selective dual-ion switch. Nature 546 (2017), 124–128.
Jeong, J., Aetukuri, N., Graf, T., et al. Suppression of metal-insulator transition in VO2 by electric field–induced oxygen vacancy formation. Science 339 (2013), 1402–1405.
Li, M., Han, W., Jiang, X., et al. Suppression of ionic liquid gate-induced metallization of SrTiO3 (001) by oxygen. Nano Lett 13 (2013), 4675–4678.
Dubuis, G., Yacoby, Y., Zhou, H., et al. Oxygen displacement in cuprates under ionic liquid field-effect gating. Sci Rep, 6, 2016, 32378.
Fête, A., Rossi, L., Augieri, A., et al. Ionic liquid gating of ultra-thin YBa2Cu3O7−x films. Appl Phys Lett, 109, 2016, 192601.
Perez-Munoz, A.M., Schio, P., Poloni, R., et al. In operando evidence of deoxygenation in ionic liquid gating of YBa2Cu3O7−x. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114 (2017), 215–220.
Cui, Y., Zhang, G., Li, H., et al. Protonation induced high-Tc phases in iron-based superconductors evidenced by NMR and magnetization measurements. Sci Bull 63 (2018), 11–16.
He, G., Wei, X., Zhang, X., et al. Normal-state gap in the parent cuprate Pr2CuO4±δ. Phys Rev B, 96, 2017, 104518.
Matsumoto, O., Utsuki, A., Tsukada, A., et al. Synthesis and properties of superconducting T′−R2CuO4 (R=Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd). Phys Rev B, 79, 2009, 100508.
Wei, X., He, G., Hu, W., et al. Tunable superconductivity in parent cuprate Pr2CuO4±δ thin films. Chin Phys B, 28, 2019, 057401.
Dagan, Y., Qazilbash, M.M., Hill, C.P., et al. Evidence for a quantum phase transition in Pr2−xCexCuO4−δ from transport measurements. Phys Rev Lett, 92, 2004, 167001.
Li, P., Balakirev, F.F., Greene, R.L., High-field hall resistivity and magnetoresistance of electron-doped Pr2−xCexCuO4−δ. Phys Rev Lett, 99, 2007, 047003.
Wang, M., Shen, S., Ni, J., et al. Electric-field-controlled phase transformation in WO3 thin films through hydrogen evolution. Adv Mater, 29, 2017, 1703628.
Wang, M., Sui, X., Wang, Y., et al. Manipulate the electronic and magnetic states in NiCo2O4 films through electric-field-induced protonation at elevated temperature. Adv Mater, 31, 2019, 1900458.
Rafique, M., Feng, Z., Lin, Z., et al. Ionic liquid gating induced protonation of electron-doped cuprate superconductors. Nano Lett 19 (2019), 7775–7780.
Radaelli, P.G., Jorgensen, J.D., Schultz, A.J., et al. Evidence of apical oxygen in Nd2CuOy determined by single-crystal neutron diffraction. Phys Rev B 49 (1994), 15322–15326.
Schultz, A.J., Jorgensen, J.D., Peng, J.L., et al. Single-crystal neutron-diffraction structures of reduced and oxygenated Nd2−xCexCuOy. Phys Rev B 53 (1996), 5157–5159.
Yuan, H., Shimotani, H., Ye, J., et al. Electrostatic and electrochemical nature of liquid-gated electric-double-layer transistors based on oxide semiconductors. J Am Chem Soc 132 (2010), 18402–18407.
Shiogai, J., Ito, Y., Mitsuhashi, T., et al. Electric-field-induced superconductivity in electrochemically etched ultrathin fese films on SrTiO3 and MgO. Nat Phys 12 (2015), 42–46.
Lewys, J., Sigurd, W., Magnus, N., et al. Optimising multi-frame ADF-STEM for high-precision atomic-resolution strain mapping. Ultramicroscopy 179 (2017), 57–62.
Taguchi, M., Chainani, A., Horiba, K., et al. Evidence for suppressed screening on the surface of high temperature La2−xSrxCuO4−δ and Nd2−xCexCuO4 superconductors. Phys Rev Lett, 95, 2005, 177002.
Fournier, P., Mohanty, P., Maiser, E., et al. Insulator-metal crossover near optimal doping in Pr2−xCexCuO4: anomalous normal-state low temperature resistivity. Phys Rev Lett 81 (1998), 4720–4723.
Damascelli, A., Hussain, Z., Shen, Z.-X., Angle-resolved photoemission studies of the cuprate superconductors. Rev Mod Phys 75 (2003), 473–541.
Wang, N.L., Li, G., Wu, D., et al. Doping evolution of the chemical potential, spin-correlation gap, and charge dynamics of Nd2−xCexCuO4. Phys Rev B, 73, 2006, 184502.
Jin, K., Hu, W., Zhu, B., et al. Evolution of electronic states in n-type copper oxide superconductor via electric double layer gating. Sci Rep, 6, 2016, 26642.
Xiang, T., Luo, H.G., Lu, D.H., et al. Intrinsic electron and hole bands in electron-doped cuprate superconductors. Phys Rev B, 79, 2009, 014524.
Hirsch, J.E., Superconductivity. The true colors of cuprates. Science 295 (2002), 2226–2227.
