Loss of the Martian atmosphere to space: Present-day loss rates determined from MAVEN observations and integrated loss through time

Jakosky, B. M.; Brain, D.; Chaffin, M.; Curry, S.; Deighan, J.; Grebowsky, J.; Halekas, J.; Leblanc, F.; Lillis, R.; Luhmann, J. G.; Andersson, L.; Andre, N.; Andrews, D.; Baird, D.; Baker, D.; Bell, J.; Benna, M.; Bhattacharyya, D.; Bougher, S.; Bowers, C.; Chamberlin, P.; Chaufray, J.-Y.; Clarke, J.; Collinson, G.; Combi, M.; Connerney, J.; Connour, K.; Correira, J.; Crabb, K.; Crary, F.; Cravens, T.; Crismani, M.; Delory, G.; Dewey, R.; DiBraccio, G.; Dong, C.; Dong, Y.; Dunn, P.; Egan, H.; Elrod, M.; England, S.; Eparvier, F.; Ergun, R.; Eriksson, A.; Esman, T.; Espley, J.; Evans, S.; Fallows, K.; Fang, X.; Fillingim, M.; Flynn, C.; Fogle, A.; Fowler, C.; Fox, J.; Fujimoto, M.; Garnier, P.; Girazian, Z.; Groeller, H.; Gruesbeck, J.; Hamil, O.; Hanley, K. G.; Hara, T.; Harada, Y.; Hermann, J.; Holmberg, M.; Holsclaw, G.; Houston, S.; Inui, S.; Jain, S.; Jolitz, R.; Kotova, A.; Kuroda, T.; Larson, D.; Lee, Y.; Lee, C.; Lefevre, F.; Lentz, C.; Lo, D.; Lugo, R.; Ma, Y.-J.; Mahaffy, P.; Marquette, M. L.; Matsumoto, Y.; Mayyasi, M.; Mazelle, C.; McClintock, W.; McFadden, J.; Medvedev, A.; Mendillo, M.; Meziane, K.; Milby, Z.; Mitchell, D.; Modolo, R.; Montmessin, F.; Nagy, A.; Nakagawa, H.; Narvaez, C.; Olsen, K.; Pawlowski, D.; Peterson, W.; Rahmati, A.; Roeten, K.; Romanelli, N.; Ruhunusiri, S.; Russell, C.; Sakai, S.; Schneider, N.; Seki, K.; Sharrar, R.; Shaver, S.; Siskind, D. E.; Slipski, M.; Soobiah, Y.; Steckiewicz, M.; Stevens, M. H.; Stewart, I.; Stiepen, Arnaud; Stone, S.; Tenishev, V.; Terada, N.; Terada, K.; Thiemann, E.; Tolson, R.; Toth, G.; Trovato, J.; Vogt, M.; Weber, T.; Withers, P.; Xu, S.; Yelle, R.; Yiğit, E.; Zurek, R.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.030

Article (Scientific journals)

Loss of the Martian atmosphere to space: Present-day loss rates determined from MAVEN observations and integrated loss through time

Jakosky, B. M.; Brain, D.; Chaffin, M. et al.

2018 • In Icarus, 315, p. 146-157

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

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https://hdl.handle.net/2268/247637

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10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.030

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Keywords :

Atmosphere; Magnetospheres; Mars; Mars atmosphere; Mars climate; Solar wind

Abstract :

[en] Observations of the Mars upper atmosphere made from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft have been used to determine the loss rates of gas from the upper atmosphere to space for a complete Mars year (16 Nov 2014 – 3 Oct 2016). Loss rates for H and O are sufficient to remove ∼2–3 kg/s to space. By itself, this loss would be significant over the history of the planet. In addition, loss rates would have been greater early in history due to the enhanced solar EUV and more-active Sun. Integrated loss, based on current processes whose escape rates in the past are adjusted according to expected solar evolution, would have been as much as 0.8 bar CO2 or 23 m global equivalent layer of H2O; these losses are likely to be lower limits due to the nature of the extrapolation of loss rates to the earliest times. Combined with the lack of surface or subsurface reservoirs for CO2 that could hold remnants of an early, thick atmosphere, these results suggest that loss of gas to space has been the dominant process responsible for changing the climate of Mars from an early, warmer environment to the cold, dry one that we see today. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.

Disciplines :

Space science, astronomy & astrophysics

Author, co-author :

Jakosky, B. M.; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, 3665 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO, United States

Brain, D.; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, 3665 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO, United States

Chaffin, M.; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, 3665 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO, United States

Curry, S.; SSL, University of California at Berkeley, United States

Deighan, J.; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, 3665 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO, United States

Grebowsky, J.; NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, United States

Halekas, J.; University of Iowa, United States

Leblanc, F.; LATMOS/CNRS, France

Lillis, R.; SSL, University of California at Berkeley, United States

Luhmann, J. G.; SSL, University of California at Berkeley, United States

More authors (122 more)

Language :

English

Title :

Loss of the Martian atmosphere to space: Present-day loss rates determined from MAVEN observations and integrated loss through time

Publication date :

2018

Journal title :

Icarus

ISSN :

0019-1035

eISSN :

1090-2643

Publisher :

Academic Press Inc.

Volume :

315

Pages :

146-157

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Funders :

NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration

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