Examining Local Time Variations in the Gains and Losses of Open Magnetic Flux During Substorms

Mooney, Michaela K.; Forsyth, Colin; Rae, I. Jonathan; Chisham, Gareth; Coxon, John C.; Marsh, Mike S.; Jackson, David R.; Bingham, Suzy; Hubert, Benoît

doi:10.1029/2019JA027369

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Examining Local Time Variations in the Gains and Losses of Open Magnetic Flux During Substorms

Mooney, Michaela K.; Forsyth, Colin; Rae, I. Jonathan et al.

2020 • In Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics, 125 (4)

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https://hdl.handle.net/2268/247417

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10.1029/2019JA027369

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IMAGE FUV

Abstract :

[en] The open magnetic flux content of the magnetosphere varies during substorms as a result of dayside and nightside reconnection. The open flux can be calculated from the area of the polar cap, delineated by the open-closed field line boundary (OCB). This study presents a superposed epoch analysis of the location of the OCB and the change in the magnetic flux content in individual nightside MLT sectors during substorm growth, expansion, and recovery phases. Far ultraviolet (FUV) observations from the IMAGE satellite are used to derive a proxy of the OCB location. In the hour prior to substorm onset, the total nightside flux content increases by up to 0.12 GWb on average, resulting in an equatorward expansion of the OCB. Following substorm onset, the OCB contracts toward the pole as the open magnetic flux content decreases by up to 0.14 GWb on average, but the rate of decrease of the total nightside open flux content differs by 5–66% between the three IMAGE far ultraviolet instruments. The OCB does not contract poleward uniformly in all nightside magnetic local time (MLT) sectors after substorm onset. Close to the substorm onset MLT sector, the OCB contracts immediately following substorm onset; however, the OCB in more dawnward and duskward MLT sectors continues to expand equatorward for up to 120 minutes after substorm onset. Despite the continued increase in flux in these sectors after substorm onset, the total nightside flux content decreases immediately at substorm onset, indicating that the nightside reconnection rate exceeds the dayside rate following substorm onset. ©2020. The Authors.

Disciplines :

Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Earth sciences & physical geography

Author, co-author :

Mooney, Michaela K.; Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, United Kingdom, Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom

Forsyth, Colin; Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, United Kingdom

Rae, I. Jonathan; Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, United Kingdom

Chisham, Gareth; British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Coxon, John C.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Marsh, Mike S.; Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom

Jackson, David R.; Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom

Bingham, Suzy; Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom

Hubert, Benoît ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP)

Language :

English

Title :

Examining Local Time Variations in the Gains and Losses of Open Magnetic Flux During Substorms

Publication date :

2020

Journal title :

Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics

ISSN :

2169-9380

eISSN :

2169-9402

Publisher :

Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Volume :

125

Issue :

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Funders :

NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration [US-DC] [US-DC]
NERC - Natural Environment Research Council [GB]
SFTC - Science and Technology Facilities Council [GB]
BAS - British Antarctic Survey [GB]

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