Southern Chile; last millennium; palcolimnology; Little Ice Age; sediments
Abstract :
[en] Short-term climate changes in Southern Chile are investigated by a multi-proxy analysis of a 53-cm-long sedimentary sequence selected among eight short cores retrieved in Lago Puyehue (Chile, 40 degrees S). This core contains a 600-yr-long undisturbed record of paleo-precipitation changes. Two measurement methods for sediment density, organic matter and biogenic silica contents are compared and the most appropriate techniques are selected. Together with aluminium and titanium concentrations, grain size and geochemical properties of the organic matter, these proxies are used to demonstrate paleo-precipitation changes around 40 degrees S. Increase of terrigenous particle supply between A.D. 1490 and A.D. 1700 suggests a humid period. Contemporaneously, delta C-13 data show increasing lake productivity, in response to the high nutrient supply. The A.D. 1700-1900 interval is characterized by a decreasing terrigenous supply and increasing delta C-13 values, interpreted as a drying period. The magnetic susceptibility signal, reflecting the terrigenous/biogenic ratio, demonstrates that similar variations occur in all the undisturbed sedimentary environments of Lago Puyehue. The A.D. 1490-1700 wet period is associated with the onset of the European Little Ice Age (LIA) and interpreted as its local signature. This work supports the fact that the LIA was a global event, not only restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. (c) 2005 University of Washington. All rights reserved.
Bentley, M.J., Relative and radiocarbon chronology of two former glaciers in the Chilean Lake District (1997) Journal of Quaternary Science, 12, pp. 25-33
Bertrand, S., Sédimentation lacustre postérieure au Dernier Maximum Glaciaire dans les lacs Icalma et Puyehue (Chili méridional): Reconstitution de la variabilité climatique et des évènements sismo-tectoniques (2005), p. 154. , PhD dissertation, University of Liège, Belgium
Bologne, G., Duchesne, J.C., Analyse des roches silicatées par spectrométrie de fluorescence X: Précision et exactitude (1991) Professional Paper, Belgian Geological Survey, 249, p. 11
Boyle, J.F., Inorganic geochemical methods on palaeolimnology (2001) Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, pp. 83-141. , J.P. Smol (Ed.) Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht
Bradley, R.S., Briffa, K.R., Cole, J., Hugues, M.K., Osborn, T.J., The climate of the Last Millenium (2003) Paleoclimate, Global Change and the Future, pp. 105-141. , T.S. Pedersen (Ed.) Springer Berlin
Brauer, A., Mingram, J., Frank, U., Günter, C., Schettler, G., Wulf, S., Zolitscka, B., Negendank, J.F., Abrupt environmental oscillations during the early Weichselian recorded at Lago Grande di Monticchio, Southern Italy (2000) Quaternary International, 73-74, pp. 79-90
Breitzke, M., Physical properties of marine sediments (2000) Marine Geochemistry, pp. 29-72. , M. Zabel (Ed.) Springer Berlin
Brindley, G.W., Brown, G., (1980) Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and Their X-ray Identification, 5, p. 495. , Monograph-Mineralogical Society (London)
Campos, H., Steffen, W., Agüero, G., Parra, O., Zúñiga, L., Estudios limnologicos en el Lago Puyehue (Chile): Morfometria, factores fisicos y quimicos, plancton y productividad primaria (1989) Medio Ambiente, 10, pp. 36-53
Cohen, A.S., (2003) Paleolimnology: The History and Evolution of Lake Systems, p. 528. , New York: Oxford Univ. Press
(2002) Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises, p. 244. , Committee on Abrupt Climate Change Washington, DC: National Academy Press
Cook, H.E., Johnson, P.D., Matti, J.C., Zemmels, I., Methods of sample preparation and X-ray diffraction data analysis, X-ray mineralogy laboratory (1975) Initial Reports of the DSDP, pp. 997-1007. , A.G. Kaneps (Ed.) Washington DC
Dean, W.E., Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: Comparison with other methods (1974) Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 44, pp. 242-248
DeMaster, D.J., The supply and accumulation of silica in the marine environment (1981) Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 45, pp. 1715-1732
Eisma, D., van der Gaast, S.J., Determination of opal in marine sediments by X-ray diffraction (1971) Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 5, pp. 215-225
Folk, R.L., Ward, W.C., Brazos river bar: A study in the significance of grain size parameters (1957) Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 27, pp. 3-26
Gerlach, D.C., Frey, F.A., Moreno-Roa, H., Lopez-Escobar, L., Recent volcanism in the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Region, Southern Andes, Chile (40.5°S): Petrogenesis of evolved lavas (1988) Journal of Petrology, 29, pp. 333-382
Goodman, A.Y., Rodbell, D.T., Seltzer, G.O., Mark, B.G., Subdivision of glacial deposits in Southeastern Peru based on pedogenic development and radiometric ages (2001) Quaternary Research, 56, pp. 31-50
Heiri, O., Lotter, A.F., Lemcke, G., Loss on ignition as a method for estimating organic and carbonate content in sediments: Reproductibility and comparability of results (2001) Journal of Paleolimnology, 25, pp. 101-110
Heusser, C.J., (2003) Ice Age Southern Andes - A Chronicle of Palaeoecological Events, p. 230. , Amsterdam: Elsevier
Jenny, B., Valero-Garcés, B.L., Urrutia, R., Kelts, K., Veit, H., Appleby, P.G., Geyh, M., Moisture changes and fluctuations of the westerlies in Mediterranean Central Chile during the last 2000 years: The Laguna Aculeo record (33°50′S) (2002) Quaternary International, 87, pp. 3-18
Koch, J., Kilian, R., 'Little Ice Age' glacier fluctuations, Gran Campo Nevado, southernmost Chile (2005) The Holocene, 15 (1), pp. 20-28
Lamy, F., Hebblen, D., Röhl, U., Wefer, G., Holocene rainfall variability in Southern Chile: A marine record of latitudinal shifts of the Southern Westerlies (2001) Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 185, pp. 369-382
Lara, A., Villalba, R., A 3620-year temperature record from Fitzroya cupressoides tree rings in Southern South America (1993) Science, 260, pp. 1104-1106
Laugenie, C., La région des lacs, Chili méridional (1982), p. 822. , PhD dissertation, Université de Bordeaux III
Leinen, M., A normative calculation technique for determining opal in deep-sea sediments (1977) Geochemica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 41, pp. 671-676
Luckman, B.H., Villalba, R., Assessing the synchroneity of glacier fluctuations in the western cordillera of the Americas during the last millennium (2001) Interhemispheric Climate Linkages, pp. 119-140. , V. Markgraf (Ed.) San Diego
Markgraf, V., (2001) Interhemispheric Climate Linkages, p. 454. , San Diego: Academic Press
Mauquoy, D., Blaauw, M., van Geel, B., Borromei, A., Quattrocchio, M., Chambers, F.M., Possnert, G., Late Holocene climatic changes in Tierra del Fuego based on multiproxy analyses of peat deposits (2004) Quaternary Research, 61, pp. 148-158
Meyers, P.A., Applications of organic geochemistry to paleolimnological reconstructions: A summary of examples from the Laurentian Great Lakes (2003) Organic Geochemistry, 34, pp. 261-289
Meyers, P.A., Teranes, J.L., Sediment organic matter (2001) Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, pp. 239-269. , M. Last J. Smol (Eds.) Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht
Miller, A., The climate of Chile (1976) World Survey of Climatology, pp. 107-134. , W. Schwerdtfeger (Ed.) Elsevier Amsterdam
Mortlock, R.A., Froelich, P.N., A simple method for the rapid determination of biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments (1989) Deep-sea Research, 36, pp. 1415-1426
Muñoz, M., Flora del parque nacional Puyehue (1980), p. 557. , Universitaria, Santiago
Parada, M.G., Pluviometria de Chile. Isoyetas de Valdivia-Puerto Montt (1973), p. 73. , CORFO, Departamento de Recursos Hydraúlicos. Santiago, Chile
Peinerud, E.K., Interpretation of Si concentrations in lake sediments: Three case studies (2000) Environmental Geology, 40, pp. 64-72
Robinson, C., Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy: A long record of environmental change illustrated by sediment geochemistry (1994) Chemical Geology, 118, pp. 235-254
Santisteban, J.I., Mediavilla, R., López-Pamo, E., Dabrio, C.J., Zapata, B.L., Garcia, J.G., Castaño, S., Martiínez-Alfaro, P.E., Loss on ignition: A qualitative or quantitative method for organic matter and carbonate mineral content in sediments? (2004) Journal of Paleolimnology, 32 (3), pp. 287-299
Soon, W., Baliunas, S., Proxy climatic and environmental changes of the past 1000 years (2003) Climate Research, 23, pp. 89-110
Thompson, L.G., Mosley-Thompson, E., Bolzan, J.F., Koci, B.R., A 1500-year record of tropical precipitation in ice cores from the Quelccaya ice cap, Peru (1985) Science, 229, pp. 971-973
Thompson, L.G., Mosley-Thompson, E., Dansgaard, W., Grootes, P.M., The Little Ice Age as recorded in the stratigraphy of the tropical Quelccaya ice cap (1986) Science, 234, pp. 361-364
Valero-Garcés, B.L., Delgado-Huertas, A., Navas, A., Edwards, L., Schwalb, A., Ratto, N., Patterns of regional hydrological variability in central-southern Altiplano (18°S-26°S) lakes during the last 500 years (2003) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 194, pp. 319-338
Villalba, R., Climatic fluctuations in Northern Patagonia during the last 1000 years as inferred from tree-ring records (1990) Quaternary Research, 34, pp. 346-360
Villalba, R., Tree-ring and glacial evidence for the medieval warm epoch and the little ice age in Southern South America (1994) Climatic Change, 26, pp. 183-197
Villalba, R., D'Arrigo, R.D., Cook, E.R., Jacoby, G.C., Wiles, G., Decadal-scale climatic variability along the extratropical western coast of the Americas: Evidence from tree-ring records (2001) Interhemispheric Climate Linkages, pp. 155-172. , V. Markgraf (Ed.) Academic Press San Diego
Zimmerman, A.R., Canuel, A., Sediment geochemical records of eutrophication in the mesohaline Chesapeake Bay (2002) Limnology and Oceanography, 47 (4), pp. 1084-1093