Quantifier les dimensions des houppiers à l’aide d’images aériennes à haute résolution pour estimer l’accroissement diamétrique des arbres dans les forêts d’Afrique centrale
structure de la canopée; modèle de croissance; biomasse; drone; photogrammétrie; télédétection; réserve forestière de Yoko; République démocratique du Congo; canopy structure; growth model; biomass; photogrammetry; remote sensing; Yoko Forest Reserve; Democratic Republic of Congo
Résumé :
[fr] Caractériser la dynamique d’une forêt est essentiel pour la gestion forestière. Les houppiers des arbres forment un élément clé de cette dynamique ; mais, en forêt tropicale, les mesurer n’est pas simple. Cette étude teste l’utilisation d’images aériennes à haute résolution pour estimer la croissance diamétrique des arbres, en intégrant des mesures fines des houppiers détectés. Des ortho-images de 10 cm/pixel de résolution ont été obtenues à l’aide d’un drone à aile fixe sur une parcelle de 9 ha, installée dans la forêt de Yoko en République démocratique du Congo. Les inventaires menés sur les arbres de DHP ≥ 10 cm en 2008 et en 2016 ont permis d’avoir accès à différentes caractéristiques dendrométriques individuelles, dont le diamètre des arbres et leur tempérament, et de calculer des accroissements diamétriques. Des modèles linéaires mixtes ont été calibrés pour prédire l’accroissement de 163 arbres identifiés à la fois sur le terrain et sur les ortho-images en utilisant les variables quantifiées uniquement sur le terrain et/ou à partir de variables mesurées sur les ortho-images. Les images aériennes ont permis de détecter 23,4 % des arbres de DHP ≥ 10 cm inventoriés au sol, et représentant 75,1 % de la biomasse aérienne du peuplement. La probabilité de détection des arbres a varié en fonction de leur DHP : de 0,09 pour les arbres de DHP < 30 cm à 0,97 pour les arbres de DHP ≥ 60 cm. Les variables quantifiées par télédétection ajoutées aux variables de terrain ont permis d’améliorer significativement la prédiction de l’accroissement diamétrique. Les meilleurs modèles d’estimation des accroissements diamétriques contiennent notamment un terme caractérisant la dimension du houppier des arbres qui n’a pu être mesuré que par télédétection. Parmi les variables déterminées par télédétection, la superficie convexe du houppier est apparue la plus performante dans les modèles, et s’avère ainsi être la mesure la plus intéressante pour décrire la compétition entre les houppiers. Ces résultats ouvrent des perspectives pour construire de nouveaux outils d’acquisition de données au service de l’aménagement forestier. [en] Characterising forest dynamics of a forest is essential to its management. Tree crowns are a key factor in these dynamics, but measuring them in tropical forests is not an easy matter. This study tested the use of highresolution aerial imagery to estimate the tree diameter growth by incorporating detailed measurements of the detected tree crowns. Ortho-images at a resolution of 10 cm/pixel were captured by a fixed-wing drone over a 9 ha plot in the Yoko forest in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Inventories conducted on trees ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) in 2008 and 2016 provided access to a variety of tree dendrometric characteristics, including DBH and species temperament, and allowed the calculation of diameter increments. Mixed linear models were calibrated to predict diameter increment of 163 trees identified both on the ground and on the ortho-images, using variables quantified on the ground only and/or from variables measured from the orthoimages. From the aerial images, we were able to detect 23.4% of the trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm listed in the ground inventories, representing 75.1% of the stand’s aerial biomass. The probability of detecting the trees varied with their DBH, from 0.09 for trees with DBH < 30 cm to 0.97 for trees with DBH ≥ 60 cm. Predictions of diametric growth improved significantly when the variables quantified by remote sensing were added to the ground variables. The best models for estimating diameter increment include, in particular, a term characterising the size of tree crowns, which can only be measured by remote sensing. Of the variables determined by remote sensing, convex crown area was the most successfull in the models and therefore appears to be the most accurate variable to describe competition between tree crowns. These results open up possibilities to build new tools of data acquisition to support forest planning.
Lejeune, Philippe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion des ressources forestières et des milieux naturels
Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie
Fayolle, Adeline ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion des ressources forestières et des milieux naturels
Ndjele Mianda-Bungi, Léopold
Ligot, Gauthier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Laboratoire de Foresterie des régions trop. et subtropicales
Langue du document :
Français
Titre :
Quantifier les dimensions des houppiers à l’aide d’images aériennes à haute résolution pour estimer l’accroissement diamétrique des arbres dans les forêts d’Afrique centrale
Titre traduit :
[en] Quantifying crown dimensions using highresolution aerial imagery to estimate the diametric growth of trees in central African forests
Date de publication/diffusion :
janvier 2020
Titre du périodique :
Bois et Forêts des Tropiques
ISSN :
0006-579X
eISSN :
1777-5760
Maison d'édition :
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique Pour le Développement, France
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