[fr] Introduction. La gestion optimale de la fertilisation azotée des cultures nécessite l’utilisation de méthodes qui permettent
d’évaluer rapidement et avec précision le statut azoté de la biomasse aérienne en cours de saison. C’est le cas des mesures
optiques sur le végétal et parmi celles-ci, les approches basées sur la mesure de la fluorescence chlorophyllienne (ChlF) des
feuilles occupent une place intéressante. Les potentialités de la ChlF sont étudiées depuis plusieurs années pour détecter et
quantifier différents stress biotiques et abiotiques des plantes et la ChlF peut s’envisager pour l’évaluation du statut azoté. Ces
approches permettent a priori de pallier certaines limitations des méthodes souvent utilisées pour l’évaluation du statut azoté
basées sur la transmission ou la réflexion de la lumière et reliées à la teneur en chlorophylle des feuilles.
Littérature. Dans cette revue, deux approches basées sur la ChlF sont examinées. La première étudie la ChlF variable, ou
cinétique de Kautsky, qui représente l’approche classiquement abordée par la majorité des auteurs. La seconde approche
repose sur l’estimation par la ChlF de la concentration en composés foliaires métabolites de la plante, plus spécifiquement
la chlorophylle et les composés phénoliques (en particulier les flavonoïdes). Pour chaque approche, les caractéristiques de la
ChlF sont examinées, expliquant leurs liens et leurs applications dans l’évaluation du statut azoté des cultures.
Conclusions. Parmi les deux approches analysées, l’utilisation du rapport de ChlF qui combine l’estimation de la concentration
en chlorophylle et en flavonoïdes au niveau de la feuille apparait comme une approche potentiellement pertinente pour évaluer
le statut azoté des cultures, ces deux concentrations étant en relation étroite avec la teneur en azote des feuilles.
Research Center/Unit :
Centre Wallon de Recherches agronomiques - CRA-W
Disciplines :
Agriculture & agronomy
Author, co-author :
Ben Abdallah, Feriel ; Centre wallon de Recherches agronomiques > Productions agricoles
Goffart, Jean Pierre; Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques > Département des services centraux
Philippe, William; Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques > Productions agricoles
Language :
French
Title :
Utilisation de la fluorescence chlorophyllienne pour l’évaluation du statut azoté des cultures (synthèse bibliographique)
Alternative titles :
[en] Use of chlorophyll fluorescence for the evaluation of crops nitrogen status. A review
Publication date :
2016
Journal title :
Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement
ISSN :
1370-6233
eISSN :
1780-4507
Publisher :
Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, Gembloux, Belgium
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