Genetic turnovers and northern survival during the last glacial maximum in European brown bears

[en] The current phylogeographic pattern of European brown bears (Ursus arctos) has commonly been explained by postglacial recolonization out of geographically distinct refugia in southern Europe, a pattern well in accordance with the expansion/contraction model. Studies of ancient DNA from brown bear remains have questioned this pattern, but have failed to explain the glacial distribution of mitochondrial brown bear clades and their subsequent expansion across the European continent. We here present 136 new mitochondrial sequences generated from 346 remains from Europe, ranging in age between the Late Pleistocene and historical times. The genetic data show a high Late Pleistocene diversity across the continent and challenge the strict confinement of bears to traditional southern refugia during the last glacial maximum (LGM). The mitochondrial data further suggest a genetic turnover just before this time, as well as a steep demographic decline starting in the mid-Holocene. Levels of stable nitrogen isotopes from the remains confirm a previously proposed shift toward increasing herbivory around the LGM in Europe. Overall, these results suggest that in addition to climate, anthropogenic impact and inter-specific competition may have had more important effects on the brown bear's ecology, demography, and genetic structure than previously thought. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Disciplines :

Archaeology
History

Author, co-author :

Ersmark, Erik; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

Baryshnikov, Gennady; Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russian Federation

Higham, Thomas; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Argant, Alain; CNRS, Minist. Culture, LAMPEA, UMR 7269, Aix Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France

Castaños, Pedro; Geo-Q, Aranzadi Society of Sciences, Leioa, Spain

Döppes, Doris; Reiss-Engelhorn Museen, Mannheim, Germany

Gasparik, Mihály; Department of Palaeontology and Geology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary

Germonpré, Mietje; Operational Direction “Earth and History of Life”, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussel, Belgium

Lidén, Kerstin; Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

Lipecki, Grzegorz; Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

More authors (14 more)

Language :

English

Title :

Genetic turnovers and northern survival during the last glacial maximum in European brown bears

Publication date :

2019

Journal title :

Ecology and Evolution

eISSN :

2045-7758

Publisher :

John Wiley and Sons Ltd

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

5891-5905

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Name of the research project :

FP6 BiodivERsA ERA‐NET program

Funders :

Sverige Vetenskapsrådet [SE]
Région wallonne [BE]
Tullbergs stiftelse

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