Chapter 4. Dependency in early sentence diagrams: Stephen W. Clark

Mazziotta, Nicolas

doi:10.1075/slcs.212.05maz

Request a copy

Contribution to collective works (Parts of books)

Chapter 4. Dependency in early sentence diagrams: Stephen W. Clark

Mazziotta, Nicolas

2020 • In Imrényi, András; Mazziotta, Nicolas (Eds.) Chapters of Dependency Grammar. A historical survey from Antiquity to Tesnière

Peer reviewed

Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2268/244932

DOI
10.1075/slcs.212.05maz

Files (1)Send to Details Statistics Bibliography Similar publications

Files

Full Text

slcs.212.05maz.pdf

Publisher postprint (924.49 kB)

Request a copy

All documents in ORBi are protected by a user license.

Send to

RIS BibTex APA Chicago Permalink X Linkedin

Details

Keywords :

syntax; dependency; history of linguistic ideas

Abstract :

[en] American grammarians were the first to make a systematic use of diagrams to depict syntactic relations. Among the most elaborated early attempts to visualize syntactic relations, Stephen W. Clark’s Practical Grammar (1847) delivered many diagrams that merge constituency-based analyses, relying on the description of the relations between constructions and their parts, and a dependency-based approach, focusing on hierarchical relations between words. Clark used labeled bubbles to express his analyses. The same system was altered and derived numerous times during the early history of syntactic diagramming, thus resulting in the famous Reed & Kellogg’s system. By systematically evaluating Clark’s analyses with respect to five general characteristics of dependency-based descriptions, I show how much dependency-based Clark’s system is.

Disciplines :

Languages & linguistics

Author, co-author :

Mazziotta, Nicolas ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de langues et littératures romanes > Linguistique synchronique du français

Language :

English

Title :

Chapter 4. Dependency in early sentence diagrams: Stephen W. Clark

Publication date :

2020

Main work title :

Chapters of Dependency Grammar. A historical survey from Antiquity to Tesnière

Editor :

Imrényi, András

Mazziotta, Nicolas ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Traverses

Publisher :

John Benjamins

Collection name :

SLCS, 212

Pages :

133-162

Peer reviewed :

Peer reviewed

Available on ORBi :

since 18 February 2020

Statistics

Number of views

137 (9 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

8 (4 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Barnard, F. A. P. (1836). Analytic grammar, with symbolic illustration. New York, NY: French.
Barrett, S., Jr. (1845). Principles of English grammar: Being a compendious treatise on the languages, English, Latin, Greek, German, Spanish, and French. Founded on the immutable principle of the relation which one words sustains to another. Albany, NY: Munsell.
Becker, K. F. (1835). Schulgrammatik der deutschen Sprache (3rd ed.). Frankfurt: J. C. Hermann. (Original work published 1831)
Billroth, J. G. F. (1832). Lateinische Syntax für die obern Klassen gelehrter Schulen. Leipzig: Weidmann.
Burtt, A. (1869). A practical grammar of the English language, synthetic and analytic. Pittsburgh, PA: A. H. English. Original work published 1868.
Chandler, Z. M. (1861). A class book on English grammar and analysis (revised ed.). Zanesville, OH: W. H. Hurd.
Clark, S. W. (1847). Science of English language. A practical grammar: In which words, phrases, and sentences are classified according to their offices, and their relations to each other. Illustrated by a complete system of diagrams. New York, NY: A. S. Barnes.
Clark, S. W. (1859). A key to Clark's Grammar. New York, NY: A. S. Barnes.
Clark, S. W. (1870). The normal grammar: Analytic & synthetic. Illustrated by diagrams. New York, NY: A. S. Barnes & Co.
Holbrook, A. (1873). An English grammar, conformed to present usage; with an objective method of teaching the elements of English language. Cincinnati, OH: G. E. Stevens.
Jewell, F. S. (1867). Grammatical diagrams defended and improved, with directions for their proper constriction and application; accompanied by a comprehensive outline of classification, and a complete scheme of examples for practice. New York, NY: A. S. Barnes.
Kern, F. (1883). Zur Methodik des deutschen Unterrichts. Berlin: Nicolai.
Lighthall, G. E. (1872). An introduction to analysis and parsing. San Jose, CA: A.Waldteufel.
March, A. (1870). Parser and analyzer for beginners, with diagrams and suggestive pictures. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers. (Original work published 1869)
Murray, L. (1812). English exercises, adapted to Murray's English grammar: consisting of exercises in parsing; instances of false orthography; violations of the rules of syntax; defects in punctuation; and violations of the rules respecting perspicuous and accurate writing […] (16th ed.). New-York: Collins. (Original work published 1797)
Nida, E. (1966). A synopsis of English Syntax (2nd ed.). London. (Original work published 1960)
Parker, W. H. (1865?/1869). A grammar of the English language, based upon the analysis of the English sentence, with copious examples and exercises in parsing and the correction of false syntax, and an appendix, containing critical and explanatory notes, and lists of peculiar and exceptional forms […]. Philadelphia, PA: Eldridge.
Peirce, O. B. (1843) Grammar of the English language. New York, NY: Robinson.
Porter, S. (1869). The instruction of the deaf and dumb in grammar. American Annals of the Deaf and the Dumb 14, 30-48.
Reed, A., & Kellogg, B. (1877). Higher lessons in English. New York, NY: Clark and Maynard.
Reed, A., & Kellogg, B. (1879). Graded lessons in English. New York, NY: Clark and Maynard. (Original work published 1876)
Storrs, R. S. (1880a). Methods of deaf-mute teaching. I. American Annals of the Deaf and the Dumb 25, 105-119.
Storrs, R. S. (1880b). Methods of deaf-mute teaching II. American Annals of the Deaf and the Dumb 25, 233-250.
Storrs, R. S. (1881). Methods of deaf-mute instruction. III. American Annals of the Deaf and the Dumb 26, 141-160.
Tesnière, L. (2015). Elements of structural syntax (Trans. by T. Osborne & S. Kahane). Amsterdam: John Benjamins (Trans. of Éléments de syntaxe structurale. Paris: Klincksieck, 1966, 2nd ed.; 1st ed., 1959).
Williams, J. (1885). In memoriam Richard Salter Storrs. Washington: s.n.
Aarts, B., & McMahon, A. (Eds.). (2006). The handbook of English linguistics. Malden, MA: Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470753002
Ágel, V., Eichinger, L. M., Eroms, H.-W., Hellwig, P., Heringer, H. J., Lobin, H. (Eds.). (2003). Dependency and valency: An international handbook of contemporary research, Vol. 1, Berlin: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110141900.1
Bingen, J., Coupez, A., & Mawet, F. (Eds.). (1980). Recherches de linguistique: Hommage à Maurice Leroy. Bruxelles: Éditions de l' Université de Bruxelles.
Brittain, R. C. (1973). A critical history of systems of sentence diagramming in English (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Texas, Austin.
Caddéo, S., Roubaud, M.-N., Rouquier, M., & Sabio, F. (Eds.). (2012). Penser les langues avec Claire Blanche-Benveniste. Aix-en-Provence: Presses universitaires de Provence.
Chauviré, C. (2008). L'œil mathématique: Essai sur la philosophie mathématique de Peirce. Paris: Kimé.
Coseriu, E. (1980). Un pécurseur méconnu de la syntaxe structurale: H. Tiktin. In Bingen et al., 1980, pp. 48-62.
Colombat, B. (2020). Chapter 2. The notion of dependency in Latin grammar in the Renaissance and the 17th century. In A. Imrényi & N. Mazziotta (Eds.), Chapters of dependency grammar. A historical survey from Antiquity to Tesnière (Studies in Language Companion Series 212). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (this volume)
Debili, F. (1982). Analyse syntaxico-sémantique fondée sur une acquisition automatique de relations lexicales-sémantiques (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Université Paris Sud, Orsay.
Downey, C. (1991). Trends that shaped the development of 19th century American grammar writing. In Leitner, 1991, pp. 27-38.
Florey, K. B. (2006). Sister Bernadette's barking dog: The quirky history and lost art of diagramming sentences. Hoboken, NJ: Melville House Publishing.
Gammon, E. G. (1963). On representing syntactic structure. Language 39, 369-397. https://doi.org/10.2307/411122
Gerdes, K., & Kahane, S. (2015). Non-constituent coordination and other coordinative constructions as dependency graphs. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling 2015) (pp. 101-110), Uppsala: Uppsala University.
Görlach, M. (1998). An annotated bibliography of 19th-century grammars of English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/lisl.26
Graffi, G. (2001). 200 years of syntax: A critical survey. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/sihols.98
Groß, T. (2003). Dependency grammar's limits - and ways of extending them. In Ágel, et al., 2003, pp. 331-351.
Groupe μ (1992). Traité du signe visuel. Paris: Seuil.
Gladkij, A. V. (1968). On describing the syntactic structure of a sentence (in Russian). Computational Linguistics 7, 21-44.
Hagen, K. [n.d.]. Polysyllabic (online blog). (2 January, 2018).
Hays, D. G. 1965. An annotated bibliography of publications on dependency theory. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation.
Hudson, Richard. (2007). Language networks: The new Word Grammar. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Kahane, S. 1996. If HPSG were a Dependency Grammar … In Actes de TALN 1996 (pp. 45-49). Marseille.
Kahane, S. 1997. Bubble trees and syntactic representations. In Proceedings of Mathematics of Language (MoL 5) Meeting (pp. 70-76).
Kahane, S. (2001). Grammaires de dépendance formelles et théorie Sens-Texte, Tutoriel. In Actes de TALN, Vol. 2.
Kahane, S. (2012). De l'analyse en grille à la modélisation des entassements. In Caddéo et al., 2010, pp. 101-114.
Kahane, S. (2020). Chapter 3. How dependency syntax appeared in the French Encyclopedia: from Buffier (1709) to Beauzée (1765). In A. Imrényi & N. Mazziotta (Eds.), Chapters of dependency grammar. A historical survey from Antiquity to Tesnière (Studies in Language Companion Series 212). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (this volume)
Kahane, S., & Mazziotta, N. (2015). Syntactic Polygraphs. A formalism extending both constituency and dependency. In Proceedings of the 14th Meeting on the Mathematics of Language (MoL 2015) (pp. 152-164). Stroudsburg, PA: Association for Computational Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/W15-2313
Leitner, G. (Ed.). 1991. English traditional grammars: An international perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/sihols.62
Linn, A. (2006). English grammar writing. In Aarts & McMahon, 2006, pp. 72-92.
Luhtala, A. 2020. Chapter 1. Syntactic relations in ancient and medieval grammatical theory. In A. Imrényi & N. Mazziotta (Eds.), Chapters of dependency grammar. A historical survey from Antiquity to Tesnière (Studies in Language Companion Series 212). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (this volume)
Mazziotta, N. (2014). Nature et structure des relations syntaxiques dans le modèle de Lucien Tesnière. Modèles Linguistiques 69, 123-152.
Mazziotta, N. (2016a). Drawing syntax before syntactic trees. Stephen Watkins Clark's sentence diagrams (1847). Historiographia Linguistica 43(3), 301-342. https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.43.3.03maz
Mazziotta, N. (2016b). Représenter la connaissance en linguistique. Observations sur l'édition de matériaux et sur l'analyse syntaxique (Habilitation à diriger des recherches, mémoire de synthèse, Université Paris-Ouest, Nanterre-La Défense, Paris). Retrieved from
Mazziotta, N., & Kahane, S. (2017). To what extent is Immediate Constituency Analysis dependency-based? A survey of foundational texts. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling 2017) (pp. 116-126). Pisa.
Mel'čuk, I. (2006). Aspects of the theory of morphology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Mel'čuk, I. (2009). Dependency in natural language. In Polguère & Mel'čuk, 2009, pp. 1-110.
Mel'čuk, I., & Milićević, J. (2014). Introduction à la linguistique, Vol. 3. Paris: Hermann.
Osborne, T. (2006). Shared material and grammar: Toward a dependency grammar theory of nongapping coordination for English and German. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 25, 39-93. https://doi.org/10.1515/zfs.2006.002
Osborne, T. (2008). Major constituents and two dependency grammar constraints on sharing in coordination. Linguistics 46(6), 1109-1165. https://doi.org/10.1515/LING.2008.036
Osborne, T. (2020). Chapter 4. Franz Kern. An early dependency grammarian. In A. Imrényi & N. Mazziotta (Eds.), Chapters of dependency grammar. A historical survey from Antiquity to Tesnière (Studies in Language Companion Series 212). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (this volume)
Osborne, T., Putnam, M., & Groß, T. (2012). Catenae: Introducing a novel unit of syntactic analysis. Syntax 15(4), 354-396. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9612.2012.00172.x
Percival, W. K. (2007). On the historical source of Immediate-Constituent Analysis. Further thougths. Retrieved from
Polguère, A., & Mel'čuk, I. (Eds.). (2009). Dependency in linguistic description (Studies in Language Companion Series 111). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.111
Raby, V. (2011). La phrase expliquée aux sourds-muets Remarques sur la syntaxe chiffrée de l'abbé Sicard. In G. Hassler (Ed.), History of linguistics 2008: Selected papers from the eleventh International Conference on the History of the Language Sciences (ICHoLS XI), 28 August - 2 September 2008 (pp. 277-288). Potsdam. https://doi.org/10.1075/sihols.115.25rab
Stewart, A. H. (1976). Graphic representation of models in linguistic theory. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University.
Stjernfeldt, F. (2007). Diagrammatology. Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5652-9