[en] HD 169142 is an excellent target for investigating signs of planet-disk interaction due to previous evidence of gap structures. We perform J-band (̃1.2 μm) polarized intensity imaging of HD 169142 with VLT/SPHERE. We observe polarized scattered light down to 0.″16 (̃19 au) and find an inner gap with a significantly reduced scattered-light flux. We confirm the previously detected double-ring structure peaking at 0.″18 (̃21 au) and 0.″56 (̃66 au) and marginally detect a faint third gap at 0.″70-0.″73 (̃82-85 au). We explore dust evolution models in a disk perturbed by two giant planets, as well as models with a parameterized dust size distribution. The dust evolution model is able to reproduce the ring locations and gap widths in polarized intensity but fails to reproduce their depths. However, it gives a good match with the ALMA dust continuum image at 1.3 mm. Models with a parameterized dust size distribution better reproduce the gap depth in scattered light, suggesting that dust filtration at the outer edges of the gaps is less effective. The pileup of millimeter grains in a dust trap and the continuous distribution of small grains throughout the gap likely require more efficient dust fragmentation and dust diffusion in the dust trap. Alternatively, turbulence or charging effects might lead to a reservoir of small grains at the surface layer that is not affected by the dust growth and fragmentation cycle dominating the dense disk midplane. The exploration of models shows that extracting planet properties such as mass from observed gap profiles is highly degenerate. <P />Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO program 095.C-0273.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Pohl, A.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany ; Heidelberg University, Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, Albert-Ueberle-Str. 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Benisty, M.; Unidad Mixta Internacional Franco-Chilena de Astronomía, CNRS/INSU UUMI 3386 and Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile ; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
Pinilla, P.; Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Ginski, C.; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands ; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
de Boer, J.; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
Avenhaus, H.; Institute for Astronomy, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Henning, Th; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Zurlo, A.; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, F-13388, Marseille, France ; Núcleo de Astronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejercito 441, Santiago, Chile ; Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile
Boccaletti, A.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Augereau, J.-C.; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
Birnstiel, T.; University Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 München, Germany
Dominik, C.; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Fedele, D.; INAF—Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, L.go E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
Janson, M.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany ; Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
Keppler, M.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Kral, Q.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France ; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
Langlois, M.; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, F-13388, Marseille, France ; CRAL, UMR 5574, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 9 avenue Charles André, F-69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex, France
Ligi, R.; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, F-13388, Marseille, France
Baudoz, P.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Le Mignant, D.; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, F-13388, Marseille, France
Maurel, D.; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
Ramos, J.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Weber, L.; Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland)
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