Article (Scientific journals)
First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. IV. Physical and chemical properties of the planets around HR8799
Bonnefoy, M.; Zurlo, A.; Baudino, J. L. et al.
2016In Astronomy and Astrophysics, 587, p. 58
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Keywords :
instrumentation: high angular resolution; stars: individual: HR8799; planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: detection; techniques: imaging spectroscopy; planets and satellites: fundamental parameters; Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] Context. The system of fourplanets discovered around the intermediate- mass star HR8799 offers a unique opportunity to test planet formation theories at large orbital radii and to probe the physics and chemistry at play in the atmospheres of self-luminous young (~30 Myr) planets. We recently obtained new photometry of the four planets and low-resolution (R ~ 30) spectra of HR8799 d and e with the SPHERE instrument (Paper III). <BR /> Aims: In this paper (Paper IV), we aim to use these spectra and available photometry to determine how they compare to known objects, what the planet physical properties are, and how their atmospheres work. <BR /> Methods: We compare the available spectra, photometry, and spectral energy distribution (SED) of the planets to field dwarfs and young companions. In addition, we use the extinction from corundum, silicate (enstatite and forsterite), or iron grains likely to form in the atmosphere of the planets to try to better understand empirically the peculiarity of their spectrophotometric properties. To conclude, we use three sets of atmospheric models (BT-SETTL14, Cloud-AE60, Exo-REM) to determine which ingredients are critically needed in the models to represent the SED of the objects, and to constrain their atmospheric parameters (T[SUB]eff[/SUB], log g, M/H). <BR /> Results: We find that HR8799d and e properties are well reproduced by those of L6-L8 dusty dwarfs discovered in the field, among which some are candidate members of young nearby associations. No known object reproduces well the properties of planets b and c. Nevertheless, we find that the spectra and WISE photometry of peculiar and/or young early-T dwarfs reddened by submicron grains made of corundum, iron, enstatite, or forsterite successfully reproduce the SED of these planets. Our analysis confirms that only the Exo-REM models with thick clouds fit (within 2σ) the whole set of spectrophotometric datapoints available for HR8799 d and e for T[SUB]eff[/SUB] = 1200 K, log g in the range 3.0-4.5, and M/H = +0.5. The models still fail to reproduce the SED of HR8799c and b. The determination of the metallicity, log g, and cloud thickness are degenerate. <BR /> Conclusions: Our empirical analysis and atmospheric modelling show that an enhanced content in dust and decreased CIA of H[SUB]2[/SUB] is certainly responsible for the deviation of the properties of the planet with respect to field dwarfs. The analysis suggests in addition that HR8799c and b have later spectral types than the two other planets, and therefore could both have lower masses. <P />Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Chile, during the commissioning of the SPHERE instrument
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Bonnefoy, M.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France ; CNRS, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Zurlo, A.;  Núcleo de Astronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejercito 441, Santiago, Chile ; Millenium Nucleus "Protoplanetary Disk", Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile
Baudino, J. L.;  LESIA, CNRS, UMR 8109, Observatoire de Paris, Univ. Paris Diderot, UPMC, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190, Meudon, France
Lucas, P.;  Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
Mesa, D.;  INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
Maire, Anne-Lise ;  INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy ; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Vigan, A.;  Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France ; European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
Galicher, Raphaël;  LESIA, CNRS, UMR 8109, Observatoire de Paris, Univ. Paris Diderot, UPMC, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190, Meudon, France
Homeier, D.;  Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Landessternwarte Königstuhl 12, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany ; CRAL, UMR 5574, CNRS, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
Marocco, F.;  Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
Gratton, R.;  INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
Chauvin, G.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Allard, F.;  CRAL, UMR 5574, CNRS, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
Desidera, S.;  INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
Kasper, M.;  CRAL, UMR 5574, CNRS, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
Moutou, C.;  Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France
Lagrange, A.-M.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Antichi, J.;  INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
Baruffolo, A.;  INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
Baudrand, J.;  LESIA, CNRS, UMR 8109, Observatoire de Paris, Univ. Paris Diderot, UPMC, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190, Meudon, France
Beuzit, J.-L.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Boccaletti, A.;  LESIA, CNRS, UMR 8109, Observatoire de Paris, Univ. Paris Diderot, UPMC, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190, Meudon, France
Cantalloube, F.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France ; ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab, BP72, 29 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92322, Chatillon Cedex, France
Carbillet, M.;  Laboratoire Lagrange, UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, Bd. de l'Observatoire, 06304, Nice, France
Charton, J.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Claudi, R. U.;  INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
Costille, A.;  Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France
Dohlen, K.;  ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab, BP72, 29 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92322, Chatillon Cedex, France
Dominik, C.;  Anton Pannekoek Astronomical Institute, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94249, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Fantinel, D.;  INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
Feautrier, P.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Feldt, M.;  Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Fusco, T.;  ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab, BP72, 29 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92322, Chatillon Cedex, France ; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
Gigan, P.;  LESIA, CNRS, UMR 8109, Observatoire de Paris, Univ. Paris Diderot, UPMC, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190, Meudon, France
Girard, J. H.;  European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile ; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Gluck, L.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Gry, C.;  Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France
Henning, T.;  Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Janson, M.;  Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 11418, Stockholm, Sweden ; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Langlois, M.;  CRAL, UMR 5574, CNRS, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France ; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France
Madec, F.;  Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France
Magnard, Y.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Maurel, D.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Mawet, D.;  European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile ; Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
Meyer, M. R.;  Institute for Astronomy, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
Milli, J.;  European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile ; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Moeller-Nilsson, O.;  Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Mouillet, D.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Pavlov, A.;  Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Perret, D.;  LESIA, CNRS, UMR 8109, Observatoire de Paris, Univ. Paris Diderot, UPMC, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190, Meudon, France
Pujet, P.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Quanz, S. P.;  Institute for Astronomy, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
Rochat, S.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Rousset, G.;  LESIA, CNRS, UMR 8109, Observatoire de Paris, Univ. Paris Diderot, UPMC, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190, Meudon, France
Roux, A.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Salasnich, B.;  INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
Salter, G.;  Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France
Sauvage, J.-F.;  INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy ; ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab, BP72, 29 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92322, Chatillon Cedex, France
Schmid, H. M.;  Institute for Astronomy, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
Sevin, A.;  LESIA, CNRS, UMR 8109, Observatoire de Paris, Univ. Paris Diderot, UPMC, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190, Meudon, France
Soenke, C.;  European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, 85748, Garching, Germany
Stadler, E.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Turatto, M.;  INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
Udry, S.;  Observatoire de Genève, University of Geneva, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland
Vakili, F.;  Laboratoire Lagrange, UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, Bd. de l'Observatoire, 06304, Nice, France
Wahhaj, Z.;  European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile ; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France
Wildi, F.;  Observatoire de Genève, University of Geneva, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland)
More authors (57 more) Less
Language :
English
Title :
First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. IV. Physical and chemical properties of the planets around HR8799
Publication date :
01 March 2016
Journal title :
Astronomy and Astrophysics
ISSN :
0004-6361
eISSN :
1432-0746
Publisher :
EDP Sciences, Les Ulis, France
Volume :
587
Pages :
A58
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
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