First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. I. Detection and characterization of the substellar companion GJ 758 B

methods: data analysis; techniques: high angular resolution; techniques: image processing; stars: individual: GJ 758; brown dwarfs; Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

Abstract :

[en] GJ 758 B is a brown dwarf companion to a nearby (15.76%) solar-type, metal-rich (M / H = + 0.2 dex) main-sequence star (G9V) that was discovered with Subaru/HiCIAO in 2009. From previous studies, it has drawn attention as being the coldest (~600 K) companion ever directly imaged around a neighboring star. We present new high-contrast data obtained during the commissioning of the SPHERE instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The data was obtained in Y-, J-, H-, and K[SUB]s[/SUB]-bands with the dual-band imaging (DBI) mode of IRDIS, thus providing a broad coverage of the full near-infrared (near-IR) range at higher contrast and better spectral sampling than previously reported. In this new set of high-quality data, we report the re-detection of the companion, as well as the first detection of a new candidate closer-in to the star. We use the new eight photometric points for an extended comparison of GJ 758 B with empirical objects and four families of atmospheric models. From comparison to empirical object, we estimate a T8 spectral type, but none of the comparison objects can accurately represent the observed near-IR fluxes of GJ 758 B. From comparison to atmospheric models, we attribute a T[SUB]eff[/SUB] = 600 ± 100 K, but we find that no atmospheric model can adequately fit all the fluxes of GJ 758 B. The lack of exploration of metal enrichment in model grids appears as a major limitation that prevents an accurate estimation of the companion physical parameters. The photometry of the new candidate companion is broadly consistent with L-type objects, but a second epoch with improved photometry is necessary to clarify its status. The new astrometry of GJ 758 B shows a significant proper motion since the last epoch. We use this result to improve the determination of the orbital characteristics using two fitting approaches: Least-Squares Monte Carlo and Markov chain Monte Carlo. We confirm the high-eccentricity of the orbit (peak at 0.5), and find a most likely semi-major axis of 46.05 AU. We also use our imaging data, as well as archival radial velocity data, to reject the possibility that this is a false positive effect created by an unseen, closer-in, companion. Finally, we analyze the sensitivity of our data to additional closer-in companions and reject the possibility of other massive brown dwarf companions down to 4-5 AU. <P />Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Chile, during the commissioning of the SPHERE instrument.

Disciplines :

Space science, astronomy & astrophysics

Author, co-author :

Vigan, A.; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France ; European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile

Bonnefoy, M.; Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France ; CNRS, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France

Ginski, C.; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands

Beust, H.; Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France ; CNRS, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France

Galicher, Raphaël; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190, Meudon, France

Janson, M.; Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden ; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany

Baudino, J.-L.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190, Meudon, France

Buenzli, E.; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany

Hagelberg, J.; Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA ; Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland

D'Orazi, V.; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy ; Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia ; Monash Centre for Astrophysics, Monash University, VIC 3800, Melbourne, Australia

More authors (66 more)

Language :

English

Title :

First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. I. Detection and characterization of the substellar companion GJ 758 B

Publication date :

01 March 2016

Journal title :

Astronomy and Astrophysics

ISSN :

0004-6361

eISSN :

1432-0746

Publisher :

EDP Sciences, Les Ulis, France

Volume :

587

Pages :

A55

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016A&A...587A..55V

Available on ORBi :

since 21 January 2020

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