stars: individual: HD 100546; techniques: high angular resolution; techniques: polarimetric; protoplanetary disks; planets and satellites: detection; Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] The nearby Herbig Be star HD 100546 is known to be a laboratory for the study of protoplanets and their relation with the circumstellar disk, which is carved by at least two gaps. We observed the HD 100546 environment with high-contrast imaging exploiting several different observing modes of SPHERE, including data sets with and without coronagraphs, dual band imaging, integral field spectroscopy and polarimetry. The picture emerging from these different data sets is complex. Flux-conservative algorithm images clearly show the disk up to 200 au. More aggressive algorithms reveal several rings and warped arms that are seen overlapping the main disk. Some of these structures are found to lie at considerable height over the disk mid-plane at about 30 au. Our images demonstrate that the brightest wings close to the star in the near side of the disk are a unique structure, corresponding to the outer edge of the intermediate disk at 40 au. Modeling of the scattered light from the disk with a geometrical algorithm reveals that a moderately thin structure (H/r = 0.18 at 40 au) can well reproduce the light distribution in the flux-conservative images. We suggest that the gap between 44 and 113 au spans between the 1:2 and 3:2 resonance orbits of a massive body located at 70 au, which mightcoincide with the candidate planet HD 100546b detected with previous thermal infrared (IR) observations. In this picture, the two wings can be the near side of a ring formed by disk material brought out of the disk at the 1:2 resonance with the same massive object. While we find no clear evidence confirming detection of the planet candidate HD 100546c in our data, we find a diffuse emission close to the expected position of HD 100546b. This source can be described as an extremely reddened substellar object surrounded by a dust cloud or its circumplanetary disk. Its astrometry is broadly consistent with a circular orbital motion on the disk plane, a result that could be confirmed with new observations. Further observations at various wavelengths are required to fully understand the complex phenomenology of HD 100546. <P />Based on data collected at the European Southern Observatory, Chile (ESO Programs 095.C-0298, 096.C-0241, 096.C-0248, 097.C-0523, 097.C-0865, and 098.C-0209).
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Sissa, E.; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy ; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia - Universita' di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 3, 35122, Padova, Italy
Garufi, Antonio; Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland ; Departamento Física Teórica, Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, Módulo 15, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
Zurlo, A.; Núcleo de Astronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejercito 441, Santiago, Chile ; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France
Mesa, D.; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy ; University of Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapo, Chile
Langlois, M.; University of Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapo, Chile ; CRAL, UMR 5574, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
de Boer, J.; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
Bazzon, A.; Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Benisty, M.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
Beuzit, J.-L.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
Biller, B.; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany ; Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
Boccaletti, A.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
Bonavita, M.; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy ; Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
Bonnefoy, M.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
Brandner, W.; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Bruno, P.; INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
Buenzli, E.; Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Cascone, E.; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
Chauvin, G.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France ; Unidad Mixta Internacional Franco-Chilena de Astronomia, CNRS/INSU UMI 3386 and Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile
Cheetham, A.; Observatoire de Genéve, University of Geneva, 51 Chemin des Maillettes, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland
Claudi, R. U.; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
Cudel, M.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
De Caprio, V.; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
Dominik, C.; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
Feldt, M.; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Fontanive, C.; Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
Galicher, Raphaël; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
Giro, E.; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy ; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Emilio Bianchi 46, 23807, Merate (LC), Italy
Hagelberg, J.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
Incorvaia, S.; INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
Janson, M.; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany ; Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Kasper, M.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France ; European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D85748 Garching, Germany
Keppler, M.; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Kopytova, T.; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Lagadec, E.; Laboratoire Lagrange (UMR 7293), UNSA, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Bd. de l'Observatoire, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
Lannier, J.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
Lazzoni, C.; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy ; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia - Universita' di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 3, 35122, Padova, Italy
LeCoroller, H.; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France
Menard, F.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
Meyer, M. R.; Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland ; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 311 West Hall, 1085 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Mouillet, D.; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
Peretti, S.; Observatoire de Genéve, University of Geneva, 51 Chemin des Maillettes, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland
Perrot, C.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
Potiron, P. J.; Laboratoire Lagrange (UMR 7293), UNSA, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Bd. de l'Observatoire, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
Rouan, D.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
Salter, G.; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France
Samland, M.; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Schmidt, T.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
Scuderi, S.; INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
Wildi, F.; Observatoire de Genéve, University of Geneva, 51 Chemin des Maillettes, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland)
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