[en] Recent research shows increasing decadal ice mass losses from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets and more generally from glaciers worldwide in the light of
continued global warming. Here, in an update of our previous ISMASS paper (Hanna et al., 2013), we review recent observational estimates of ice sheet and glacier
mass balance, and their related uncertainties, first briefly considering relevant monitoring methods. Focusing on the response to climate change during 1992–2018,
and especially the post-IPCC AR5 period, we discuss recent changes in the relative contributions of ice sheets and glaciers to sea-level change. We assess recent
advances in understanding of the relative importance of surface mass balance and ice dynamics in overall ice-sheet mass change. We also consider recent improvements in ice-sheet modelling, highlighting data-model linkages and the use of updated observational datasets in ice-sheet models. Finally, by identifying key
deficiencies in the observations and models that hamper current understanding and limit reliability of future ice-sheet projections, we make recommendations to the
research community for reducing these knowledge gaps. Our synthesis aims to provide a critical and timely review of the current state of the science in advance of the
next Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Report that is due in 2021.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Hanna, Edwards; University of Lincoln > School of Geography and Lincoln Centre for Water and Planetary Health
Pattyn, Frank; Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB > Laboratoire de Glaciologie
Navarro, Francisco; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid > Departamento de Matemática Aplicada a las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones
Favier, Vincent; Université Grenoble Alpes > Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement
Goelzer, Heiko; Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB > Laboratoire de Glaciologie
van den Broeke, Michiel R.; Universiteit Utrecht > Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research
Viczaino, Miren; Delft University of Technology > Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Whitehouse, Pippa L.; University of Durham > Department of Geography
Ritz, Catherine; Université Grenoble Alpes > Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement
Bulthuis, Kevin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'aérospatiale et mécanique > Département d'aérospatiale et mécanique
Smith, Ben; University of Washington - UW > Applied Physics Lab > Polar Science Center
Language :
English
Title :
Mass balance of the ice sheets and glaciers – Progress since AR5 and challenges
Alternative titles :
[fr] Bilan de masse des calottes polaires et des glaciers - Progrès depuis AR5 et défis
Publication date :
February 2020
Journal title :
Earth-Science Reviews
ISSN :
0012-8252
eISSN :
1872-6828
Publisher :
Elsevier, Netherlands
Volume :
201
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE]
Commentary :
Accepted manuscript available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102976 (only the preprint version in the ORBI repository)
Abram, N.J., Mulvaney, R., Vimeux, F., Phipps, S.J., Turner, J., England, M.H., Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium. Nat. Clim. Change 4 (2014), 564–569, 10.1038/nclimate2235.
Adhikari, S., Ivins, E.R., Larour, E., Seroussi, H., Morlighem, M., Nowicki, S., Future Antarctic bed topography and its implications for ice sheet dynamics. Solid Earth 5 (2014), 569–584.
Agosta, C., Amory, C., Kittel, C., Orsi, A., Favier, V., Gallée, H., van den Broeke, M.R., Lenaerts, J.T.M., van Wessem, J.M., Fettweis, X., Estimation of the Antarctic surface mass balance using the regional climate model MAR (1979–2015) and identification of dominant processes. Cryosphere 13 (2019), 281–296.
Alexander, P.M., LeGrande, A.N., Fischer, E., Tedesco, M., Fettweis, X., Kelley, M., Nowicki, S.M.J., Schmidt, G.A., Simulated Greenland surface mass balance in the GISS ModelE2 GCM: role of the ice sheet surface. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 124 (2019), 750–765.
Amory, C., Gallée, H., Naaim-Bouvet, F., Favier, V., Vignot, E., Picard, G., Trouvillez, A., Picard, L., Genthon, C., Bellot, H., Seasonal variations in drag coefficient over a sastrugi-covered snowfield in Coastal East Antarctica. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 164 (2017), 107–133.
Andersen, M.L., Stenseng, L., Skourup, H., Colgan, W., Khan, S.A., Kristensen, S.S., Andersen, S.B., Box, J.E., Ahlstrøm, A.P., Fettweis, X., Forsberg, R., Basin-scale partitioning of Greenland ice sheet mass balance components (2007-2011). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 409 (2015), 89–95.
Argus, D.F., Peltier, W.R., Drummond, R., Moore, A.W., The Antarctica component of postglacial rebound model ICE-6G_C (VM5a) based on GPS positioning, exposure age dating of ice thicknesses, and relative sea level histories. Geophys. J. Int. 198:1 (2014), 537–563.
Arthern, R.J., Gudmundsson, G.H., Initialization of ice-sheet forecasts viewed as an inverse Robin problem. J. Glaciol. 56:197 (2010), 527–533, 10.3189/002214310792447699.
Arthern, R.J., Hindmarsh, R.C.A., Determining the contribution of Antarctica to sea-level rise using data assimilation methods. Philos. Transact. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 364:1844 (2006), 1841–1865, 10.1098/rsta.2006.1801.
Arthern, R.J., Winebrenner, D.P., Vaughan, D.G., Antarctic snow accumulation mapped using polarization of 4.3-cm wavelength microwave emission. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 111:6 (2006), 1–10, 10.1029/2004JD005667.
Asay-Davis, X.S., Jourdain, N.C., Nakayama, Y., Developments in Simulating and Parameterizing Interactions Between the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Curr. Clim. Change Rep. 3 (2017), 316–329, 10.1007/s40641-017-0071-0.
Bales, R.C., Guo, Q., Shen, D., McConnell, J.R., Du, G., Burkhart, J.F., Spikes, V.B., Hanna, E., Cappelen, J., Annual accumulation for Greenland updated using ice core data developed during 2000-2006 and analysis of daily coastal meteorological data. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 114(6), 2009, D06116, 10.1029/2008JD011208.
Bamber, J.L., Westaway, R.M., Marzeion, B., Wouters, B., The land ice contribution to sea level during the satellite era. Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 2018, 063008, 10.1088/1748-9326/aac2f0.
Bamber, J.L., Oppenheimer, M., Kopp, R.E., Aspinall, W.P., Cooke, R.M., Ice sheet contributions to future sea-level rise from structured expert judgment. PNAS 116:23 (2019), 11195–11200, 10.1073/pnas.1817205116.
Barletta, V.R., Bevis, M., Smith, B.E., Wilson, T., Brown, A., Bordoni, A., Willis, M., Khan, S.A., Rovira-Navarro, M., Dalziel, I., Smalley, R., Kendrick, E., Konfal, S., Caccamise, D.J., Aster, R.C., Nyblade, A., Wiens, D.A., Observed rapid bedrock uplift in Amundsen Sea Embayment promotes ice-sheet stability. Science 360:6395 (2018), 1335–1339.
Barral, H., Genthon, C., Trouvilliez, A., Brun, C., Amory, C., Blowing snow in coastal Adélie Land, Antarctica: three atmospheric-moisture issues. Cryosphere 8 (2014), 1905–1919, 10.5194/tc-8-1905-2014.
Bart, P.J., DeCesare, M., Rosenheim, B.E., Majewski, W., McGlannan, A., A centuries-long delay between a paleo-ice-shelf collapse and grounding-line retreat in the Whales Deep Basin, eastern Ross Sea, Antarctica. Sci. Rep., 8, 2018, 12392.
Bassis, J.N., Walker, C.C., Upper and lower limits on the stability of calving glaciers from the yield strength envelope of ice. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A Math. Phys. Sci. 468:2140 (2012), 913–931, 10.1098/rspa.2011.0422.
Batchelor, C.L., Dowdeswell, J.A., Ice-sheet grounding-zone wedges (GZWs) on high-latitude continental margins. Mar. Geol. 363 (2015), 65–92.
Beaudoing, H., Rodell, M., GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 Monthly 0.25 X 392 0.25 Degree V2.1. 2016, 10.5067/SXAVCZFAQLNO.
Beaumet, J., Krinner, G., Déqué, M., Haarsma, R., Li, L., Assessing bias-corrections of oceanic surface conditions for atmospheric models. Geosci. Model Dev. 12 (2019), 321–342, 10.5194/gmd-2017-247.
Bell, R.E., Banwell, A.F., Trusel, L.D., Kingslake, J., Antarctic surface hydrology and impacts on ice-sheet mass balance. Nat. Clim. Chang. 8 (2018), 1044–1052.
Berthier, E., Vincent, C., Magnússon, E., Gunnlaugsson, Á.Þ., Pitte, P., Le Meur, E., Masiokas, M., Ruiz, L., Pálsson, F., Belart, J.M.C., Wagnon, P., Glacier topography and elevation changes derived from Pléiades submeter stereo images. Cryosphere 8 (2014), 2275–2291, 10.5194/tc-8-2275-2014.
Bevis, M., Harig, C., Khan, S.A., Brown, A., Simons, F.J., Willis, M., Fettweis, X., van den Broeke, M.R., Madsen, F.B., Kendrick, E., Caccamise, D.J. II, Van Dam, T., Knudsen, P., Nylen, T., Accelerating changes in ice mass within Greenland, and the ice sheet's sensitivity to atmospheric forcing. PNAS 116 (2019), 1934–1939.
Bigg, G.R., Wei, H.L., Wilton, D.J., Zhao, Y., Billings, S.A., Hanna, E., Kadirkamanathan, V., A century of variation in the dependence of Greenland iceberg calving on ice sheet surface mass balance and regional climate change. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 470, 2014, 20130662.
Box, J.E., Greenland ice sheet mass balance reconstruction. Part II: surface mass balance: 1840-2010. J. Clim. 26:18 (2013), 6974–6989, 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00518.1.
Box, J.E., Colgan, W.T., Wouters, B., Burgess, D.O., O'Neel, S., Thomson, L.I., Mernild, S.H., Global sea-level contribution from Arctic land ice: 1971-2017. Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 2018, 125012.
Bozkurt, D., Rondanelli, R., Marín, J.C., Garreaud, R., Foehn Event Triggered by an Atmospheric River Underlies Record-Setting Temperature Along Continental Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 123 (2018), 3871–3892, 10.1002/2017JD027796.
Bracegirdle, T.J., Hyder, P., Holmes, C.R., CMIP5 diversity in southern westerly jet projections related to historical sea ice area: strong link to strengthening and weak link to shift. J. Clim. 31 (2017), 195–211, 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0320.1.
Braun, M.H., Malz, P., Sommer, C., Farías-Barahona, D., Sauter, T., Casassa, G., Soruco, A., Skvarca, P., Seehaus, T.C., Constraining glacier elevation and mass changes in South America. Nat. Clim. Chang., 9, 2019, 130.
Bromwich, D.H., Nicolas, J.P., Monaghan, A.J., An assessment of precipitation changes over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean since 1989 in contemporary global reanalyses. J. Clim. 24 (2011), 4189–4209, 10.1175/2011JCLI4074.1.
Bromwich, D.H., Nicolas, J.P., Monaghan, A.J., Lazzara, M.A., Keller, L.M., Weidner, G.A., Wilson, A.B., Central West Antarctica among the most rapidly warming regions on Earth. Nat. Geosci. 6 (2012), 139–145, 10.1038/ngeo1671.
Brun, F., Berthier, E., Wagnon, P., Kääb, A., Treichler, D., A spatially resolved estimate of High Mountain Asia glacier mass balances from 2000–2016. Nat. Geosci. 10:9 (2017), 668–673, 10.1038/NGEO2999.
Bulthuis, K., Arnst, M., Sun, S., Pattyn, F., Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. Cryosphere 13 (2019), 1349–1380, 10.5194/tc-13-1349-2019.
Campagne, P., Crosta, X., Houssais, M.N., Swingedouw, D., Schmidt, S., Martin, A., Devred, E., Capo, S., Marieu, V., Closset, I., Massé, G., Glacial ice and atmospheric forcing on the Mertz Glacier Polynya over the past 250 years. Nat. Commun., 6, 2015, 6642, 10.1038/ncomms7642.
Cape, M.R., Vernet, M., Skvarca, P., Marinsek, S., Scambos, T., Domack, E., Foehn winds link climate-driven warming to ice shelf evolution in Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 120 (2015), 11037–11057.
Caron, L., Ivins, E., Larour, E., Adhikari, S., Nilsson, J., Blewitt, G., GIA model statistics for Cape, GRACE hydrology, cryosphere, and ocean science. Geophys. Res. Lett. 45 (2018), 2203–2212, 10.1002/2017GL076644.
Chen, J.L., Wilson, C.R., Tapley, B.D., Contribution of ice sheet and mountain glacier melt to sea level rise. Nat. Geosci. 6 (2013), 549–552, 10.1038/NGEO1829.
Christianson, K., Bushuk, M., Dutrieux, P., Parizek, B.R., Joughin, I.R., Alley, R.B., Shean, D.E., Abrahamsen, E.P., Anandakrishnan, S., Heywood, K.J., Kim, T.-W., Lee, S.-H., Nicholls, K., Stanton, T., Truffer, M., Webber, B.G.M., Jenkins, A., Jacobs, S., Bindschadler, R., Holland, D.M., Sensitivity of Pine Island Glacier to observed ocean forcing. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(10), 2016, 825, 10.1002/2016GL070500 817–10.
Church, J.A., Clark, P.U., Cazenave, A., Gregory, J.M., Jevrejeva, S., Levermann, A., Merrifield, M.A., Milne, G.A., Nerem, R.S., Nunn, P.D., Payne, A.J., Pfeffer, W.T., Stammer, D., Unnikrishnan, A.S., Sea level change. Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S.K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., Midgley, P.M., (eds.) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1137–1216.
Citterio, M., van As, D., Ahlstrøm, A.P., Andersen, M.L., Andersen, S.B., Box, J.E., Charalampidis, C., Colgan, W.T., Fausto, R.S., Nielsen, S., Veicherts, M., Automatic weather stations for basic and applied glaciological research. Geol. Surv. Denmark Greenl. Bull 33 (2015), 69–72 http://www.geus.dk/media/10888/nr33_p69-72.pdf.
Cogley, J.G., Geodetic and direct mass-balance measurements: comparison and joint analysis. Ann. Glaciol. 50 (2009), 96–100, 10.3189/172756409787769744.
Cogley, J.G., Hock, R., Rasmussen, L.A., Arendt, A.A., Bauder, A., Braithwaite, R.J., Jansson, P., Kaser, G., Möller, M., Nicholson, L., Zemp, M., Glossary of Glacier Mass Balance and Related Terms. IHP-VII Technical Documents in Hydrology No. 86, IACS Contribution No. 2. 2011, UNESCO-IHP, Paris 114 pp.
Cornford, S.L., Martin, D.F., Payne, A.J., Ng, E.G., Le Brocq, A.M., Gladstone, R.M., Edwards, T.L., Shannon, S.R., Agosta, C., Van Den Broeke, M.R., Hellmer, H.H., Krinner, G., Ligtenberg, S.R.M., Timmermann, R., Vaughan, D.G., Century-scale simulations of the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a warming climate. Cryosphere 9:4 (2015), 1579–1600, 10.5194/tc-9-1579-2015.
Cornford, S.L., Martin, D.F., Lee, V., Payne, A.J., Ng, E.G., Adaptive mesh refinement versus subgrid friction interpolation in simulations of Antarctic ice dynamics. Ann. Glaciol. 57:73 (2016), 1–9, 10.1017/aog.2016.13.
Cullather, R.I., Nowicki, S.M.J., Zhao, B., Suarez, M.J., Evaluation of the surface representation of the Greenland ice sheet in a general circulation model. J. Clim. 27:13 (2014), 4835–4856.
Cullather, R.I., Nowicki, S.M.J., Zhao, B., Koenig, L.S., A characterization of Greenland ice sheet surface melt and runoff in contemporary reanalyses and a regional climate model. Front. Earth Sci., 4, 2016, 10, 10.3389/feart.2016.00010.
Danielson, M., Bart, P.J., Topographic control on the post-LGM grounding zone locations of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in the Whales Deep Basin, eastern Ross Sea. Mar. Geol. 407 (2019), 248–260.
Datta, R.T., Tedesco, M., Fettweis, X., Agosta, C., Lhermitte, S., Lenaerts, J.T.M., Wever, N., The effect of Foehn‐induced surface melt on firn evolution over the northeast Antarctic peninsula. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46 (2019), 3822–3831.
Davis, C.H., Ferguson, A.C., Elevation change of the antarctic ice sheet, 1995–2000, from ERS-2 satellite radar altimetry. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and 582 Remote Sensing 42 (2004), 2437–2445.
DeConto, R.M., Pollard, D., Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea-level rise. Nature 531:7596 (2016), 591–597, 10.1038/nature17145.
Deschamps-Berger, C., Nuth, C., van Pelt, W., Berthier, E., Kohler, J., Altena, B., Closing the mass budget of a tidewater glacier: the example of Kronebreen. Svalbard. J. Glaciol. 65:249 (2019), 136–148, 10.1017/jog.2018.98.
Dieng, H.N., Champollion, N., Cazenave, A., Wada, Y., Schrama, E., Meyssignac, B., Total land water storage change over 2003-2013 estimated from a global mass budget approach. Environ. Res. Lett., 10(12), 2015, 124010, 10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124010.
Dittmann, A., Schlosser, E., Masson-Delmotte, V., Powers, J.G., Manning, K.W., Werner, M., Fujita, K., Precipitation regime and stable isotopes at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica. Atmospheric Chem. Phys. 16 (2016), 6883–6900, 10.5194/acp-16-6883-2016.
Donat-Magnin, M., Jourdain, M.C., Spence, P., Sommer, J.L., Gallée, H., Durand, G., Ice-shelf melt response to changing winds and glacier dynamics in the Amundsen Sea Sector. Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 122 (2017), 10206–10224, 10.1002/2017JC013059.
Dufour, A., Charrondière, C., Zolina, O., Moisture transport in observations and reanalysis as a proxy for snow accumulation in East Antarctica. Cryosphere 13 (2019), 413–425.
Durand, G., Gagliardini, O., Favier, L., Zwinger, T., Le Meur, E., Impact of bedrock description on modeling ice sheet dynamics. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, 2011, L20501 doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048892.
Dussaillant, I., Berthier, E., Brun, F., Masiokas, M., Hugonnet, R., Favier, V., Rabatel, A., Pitte, P., Ruiz, L., Two decades of glacier mass loss along the Andes. Nat. Geosci. 12 (2018), 802–808.
Edwards, T.L., Brandon, M.A., Durand, G., Edwards, N.R., Golledge, N.R., Holden, P.H., Nias, I.J., Payne, A.J., Ritz, C., Wernecke, A., Revisiting Antarctic ice loss due to marine ice-cliff instability. Nature 566 (2019), 58–64.
Enderlin, E.M., Howat, I.M., Jeong, S., Noh, M.-J., Van Angelen, J.H., Van den Broeke, M.R., An improved mass budget for the Greenland ice sheet. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(866-872), 2014, 2013GL059010.
Eyring, V., Bony, S., Meehl, G.A., Senior, C.A., Stevens, B., Stouffer, R.J., Taylor, K.E., Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization. Geosci. Model 9 (2016), 1937–1958, 10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016.
Favier, V., Agosta, C., Parouty, S., Durand, G., Delaygue, G., Gallée, H., Drouet, A.-S., Trouvilliez, A., Krinner, G., An updated and quality controlled surface mass balance dataset for Antarctica. Cryosphere 7:2 (2013), 583–597, 10.5194/tc-7-583-2013.
Favier, V., Verfaillie, D., Berthier, B., Menegoz, M., Jomelli, V., Kay, J.E., Ducret, L., Malbéteau, Y., Brunstein, D., Gallée, H., Park, Y.-H., Rinterknecht, V., Atmospheric drying as the main driver of dramatic glacier wastage in the southern Indian Ocean. Sci. Rep., 6, 2016, 32396, 10.1038/srep32396.
Fettweis, X., The SMB Model Intercomparison (SMBMIP) Over Greenland: First Results. 2018, AGU Fall Meeting 2018, Washington, DC https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/232923.
Fettweis, X., Box, J.E., Agosta, C., Amory, C., Kittel, C., Lang, C., van As, D., Machguth, H., Gallée, H., Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model. Cryosphere 11:2 (2017), 1015–1033, 10.5194/tc-11-1015-2017.
Filament, T., Rémy, F., Dynamic thinning of Antarctic glaciers from along-track repeat radar altimetry. J. Glaciol. 58 (2012), 830–840, 10.3189/2012JoG11J11.
Fischer, R., Nowicki, S., Kelley, M., Schmidt, G.A., A system of conservative regridding for ice-atmosphere coupling in a General Circulation Model (GCM). Geosci. Model Dev. 7 (2014), 883–907, 10.5194/gmd-7-883-2014.
Frezzotti, M., Urbini, S., Proposito, M., Scarchilli, C., Gandolfi, S., Spatial and temporal variability of surface mass balance near Talos Dome, East Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 112, 2007, F02032, 10.1029/2006JF000638.
Fujita, S., Holmlund, P., Andersson, I., Brown, I., Enomoto, H., Fujii, Y., Fujita, K., Fukui, K., Furukawa, T., Hansson, M., Hara, K., Hoshina, Y., Igarashi, M., Iizuka, Y., Imura, S., Ingvander, S., Karlin, T., Motoyama, H., Nakazawa, F., Oerter, H., Sjöberg, L.E., Sugiyama, S., Surdyk, S., Ström, J., Uemura, R., Wilhelms, F., Spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation rate on the East Antarctic ice divide between Dome Fuji and EPICA DML. Cryosphere 5 (2011), 1057–1081, 10.5194/tc-5-1057-2011.
Fyke, J.G., Sacks, W.J., Lipscomb, W.H., A technique for generating consistent ice sheet initial conditions for coupled ice sheet/climate models. Geosci. Model Dev. 7 (2014), 1183–1195, 10.5194/gmd-7-1183-2014, 2014.
Fyke, J.G., Vizcaino, M., Lipscomb, W.H., Price, S., Future climate warming increases Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance variability. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41:2 (2014), 470–475.
Fyke, J.G., Vizcaino, M., Lipscomb, W.H., The pattern of anthropogenic signal emergence in Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41:16 (2014), 6002–6008.
Fyke, J., Sergienko, O., Löfverström, M., Price, S., Lenaerts, J.T.M., An overview of interactions and feedbacks between ice sheets and the earth system. Rev. Geophys. 56 (2018), 361–408, 10.1029/2018RG000600.
Gardner, A.S., Moholdt, G., Cogley, J.G., Wouters, B., Arendt, A.A., Wahr, J., Berthier, E., Hock, R., Pfeffer, W.T., Kaser, G., Ligtenberg, S.R.M., Bolch, T., Sharp, M.J., Hagen, J.O., van den Broeke, M.R., Paul, F., A reconciled estimate of glacier contributions to sea level rise: 2003 to 2009. Science 340 (2013), 852–857, 10.1126/science.1234532.
Gardner, A.S., Moholdt, G., Scambos, T., Fahnstock, M., Ligtenberg, S., Van den Broeke, M., Nilsson, J., Increased West Antarctic and unchanged East Antarctic ice discharge over the last 7 years. Cryosphere 12 (2018), 521–547, 10.5194/tc-12-521-2018.
Gillet-Chaulet, F., Assimilation of surface observations in a transient marine ice sheet model using an ensemble Kalman filter. The Cryosphere Discuss, 2019, 10.5194/tc-2019-54 in review.
Gillet-Chaulet, F., Gagliardini, O., Seddik, H., Nodet, M., Durand, G., Ritz, C., Zwinger, T., Greve, R., Vaughan, D.G., Greenland ice sheet contribution to sea-level rise from a new-generation icesheet model. Cryosphere 6:6 (2012), 1561–1576, 10.5194/tc-6-1561-2012.
Gillet-Chaulet, F., Durand, G., Gagliardini, O., Mosbeux, C., Mouginot, J., Rémy, F., Ritz, C., Assimilation of surface velocities acquired between 1996 and 2010 to constrain the form of the basal friction law under Pine Island Glacier. Geophys. Res. Lett. 43:19 (2016), 10311–10321, 10.1002/2016GL069937.
Gladstone, R.M., Payne, A.J., Cornford, S.L., Resolution requirements for grounding-line modelling: sensitivity to basal drag and ice-shelf buttressing. Ann Glaciol. 53:60 (2012), 97–105, 10.3189/2012AoG60A148.
Goelzer, H., Nowicki, S., Edwards, T., Beckley, M., Abe-Ouchi, A., Aschwanden, A., Calov, R., Gagliardini, O., Gillet-Chaulet, F., Golledge, N.R., Gregory, J., Greve, R., Humbert, A., Huybrechts, P., Kennedy, J.H., Larour, E., Lipscomb, W.H., Le clec'h, S., Lee, V., Morlighem, M., Pattyn, F., Payne, A.J., Rodehacke, C., Rückamp, M., Saito, F., Schlegel, N., Seroussi, H., Shepherd, A., Sun, S., Van de Wal, R., Ziemen, F.A., Design and results of the ice sheet model initialisation experiments initMIP-Greenland: an ISMIP6 intercomparison. Cryosphere 12 (2018), 1433–1460, 10.5194/tc-12-1433-2018.
Goelzer, H., Nowicki, S., Edwards, T., Beckley, M., Abe-Ouchi, A., Aschwanden, A., Calov, R., Gagliardini, O., Gillet-Chaulet, F., Golledge, N.R., Gregory, J., Greve, R., Humbert, A., Huybrechts, P., Kennedy, J.H., Larour, E., Lipscomb, W.H., Le clec'h, S., Lee, V., Morlighem, M., Pattyn, F., Payne, A.J., Rodehacke, C., Rückamp, M., Saito, F., Schlegel, N., Seroussi, H., Shepherd, A., Sun, S., Van de Wal, R., Ziemen, F.A., Results of the Ice Sheet Model Initialisation Experiments initMIP-Greenland: an ISMIP6 Intercomparison. 2018, 10.5281/zenodo.1173088.
Goldberg, D.N., Heimbach, P., Parameter and state estimation with a time-dependent adjoint marine ice sheet model. Cryosphere 7:6 (2013), 1659–1678, 10.5194/tc-7-1659-2013.
Goldberg, D.N., Heimbach, P., Joughin, I., Smith, B., Committed retreat of Smith, Pope, and Kohler Glaciers over the next 30 years inferred by transient model calibration. Cryosphere 9:6 (2015), 2429–2446, 10.5194/tc-9-2429-2015.
Goldberg, D.N., Narayanan, S.H.K., Hascoet, L., Utke, J., An optimized treatment for algorithmic differentiation of an important glaciological fixed-point problem. Geosci. Model Dev. 9:5 (2016), 1891–1904, 10.5194/gmd-9-1891-2016.
Gomez, N., Mitrovica, J.X., Huybers, P., Clark, P.U., Sea level as a stabilizing factor for marine-ice-sheet grounding lines. Nat. Geosci. 3:12 (2010), 850–853.
Gomez, N., Pollard, D., Holland, D., Sea-level feedback lowers projections of future Antarctic Ice-Sheet mass loss. Nat. Commun., 6, 2015, 8798.
Gomez, N., Latychev, K., Pollard, D., A coupled ice sheet-sea level model incorporating 3D Earth structure: variations in Antarctica during the last deglacial retreat. J. Clim. 31:10 (2018), 4041–4054.
Gorodetskaya, I.V., Tsukernik, M., Claes, K., Ralph, M.F., Neff, W.D., Van Lipzig, N.P.M., The role of atmospheric rivers in anomalous snow accumulation in East Antarctica. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41 (2014), 6199–6206, 10.1002/2014GL060881.
Gorodetskaya, I.V., Kneifel, S., Maahn, M., Thiery, W., Schween, J.H., Mangold, A., Crewell, S., Van Lipzig, N.P.M., Cloud and precipitation properties from ground-based remote-sensing instruments in East Antarctica. Cryosphere 9 (2015), 285–304, 10.5194/tc-9-285-2015.
Grazioli, J., Genthon, C., Boudevillain, B., Duran-Alarcon, C., Del Guasta, M., Madeleine, J.-B., Berne, A., Measurements of precipitation in dumont d'Urville, adélie land, East Antarctica. Cryosphere 11 (2017), 1797–1811, 10.5194/tc-11-1797-2017.
Grazioli, J., Madeleine, J.-B., Gallée, H., Forbes, R.M., Genthon, C., Krinner, G., Berne, A., Katabatic winds diminish precipitation contribution to the Antarctic ice mass balance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 114 (2017), 10858–10863, 10.1073/pnas.1707633114.
Gunter, B.C., Didova, O., Riva, R.E.M., Ligtenberg, S.R.M., Lanaerts, J.T.M., King, M., van den Broeke, M.R., Urban, T., Empirical estimation of present-day Antarctic glacial isostatic adjustment and ice mass change. Cryosphere 8:2 (2014), 743–760.
Hanna, E., Fettweis, X., Mernild, S.H., Cappelen, J., Ribergaard, M.H., Shuman, C.A., Steffen, K., Wood, L., Mote, T.L., Atmospheric and oceanic climate forcing of the exceptional Greenland ice sheet surface melt in summer 2012. Int. J. Climatol. 34 (2014), 1022–1037.
Hanna, E., Cropper, T.R., Hall, R.J., Cappelen, J., Greenland blocking Index 1851-2015: a regional climate change signal. Int. J. Climatol. 36 (2016), 4847–4861.
Hanna, E., Fettweis, X., Hall, R.J., Brief communication: recent changes in summer Greenland blocking captured by none of the CMIP5 models. Cryosphere 12:10 (2018), 3287–3292.
Hermann, M., Box, J.E., Fausto, R.S., Colgan, W.T., Langen, P.L., Mottram, R., Wuite, J., Noël, B., Van den Broeke, M.R., Van As, D., Application of PROMICE Q-Transect in situ accumulation and ablation measurements (2000-2017) to constrain mass balance at the southern tip of the Greenland ice sheet. J. Geophys. Res.-Earth 123:6 (2018), 1235–1256.
Hock, R., Bliss, A., Marzeion, B., Giesen, R., Hirabayashi, Y., Huss, M., Radić, V., Slangen, A., GlacierMIP – a model intercomparison of global-scale glacier mass-balance models and projections. J. Glaciol. 65 (2019), 453–467, 10.1017/jog.2019.22.
Hubbard, B., Luckman, A., Ashmore, D.W., Bevan, S., Kulessa, B., Kuipers Munneke, P., Philippe, M., Jansen, D., Booth, A., Sevestre, H., Tison, J.-L., O'Leary, M., Rutt, I., Massive subsurface ice formed by refreezing of ice-shelf melt ponds. Nat. Commun., 7, 2016, 11897, 10.1038/ncomms11897.
Huss, M., Density assumptions for converting geodetic glacier volume change to mass change. Cryosphere 7 (2013), 877–887, 10.5194/tc-7-877-2013.
Huss, M., Farinotti, D., Distributed ice thickness and volume of all glaciers around the globe. J. Geophys. Res., 117, 2012, F04010, 10.1029/2012JF002523.
Huss, M., Hock, R., A new model for global glacier change and sea-level rise. Front. Earth Sci., 3, 2015, 54, 10.3389/feart.2015.00054.
Huss, M., Jouvet, G., Farinotti, D., Bauder, A., Future high-mountain hydrology: a new parameterization of glacier retreat. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 14 (2010), 815–829, 10.5194/hess-14-815-2010.
IPCC, Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S.K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., Midgley, P.M., (eds.) Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Ivins, E.R., James, T.S., Wahr, J., Schrama, E.J.O., Landerer, F.W., Simon, K.M., Antarctic contribution to sea-level rise observed by GRACE with improved GIA correction. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 118:6 (2013), 3126–3141.
Jacob, T., Wahr, J., Pfeffer, W.T., Swenson, S., Recent contributions of glaciers and ice caps to sea level rise. Nature 482:7386 (2012), 514–518, 10.1038/nature10847.
Jamieson, S.S.R., Vieli, A., Livingstone, S.J., Ó Cofaigh, C., Stokes, C., Hillenbrand, C.-D., Dowdeswell, J.A., Ice-stream stability on a reverse bed slope. Nat. Geosci. 5 (2012), 799–802.
Jenkins, A., Dutrieux, P., Jacobs, S.S., McPhail, S.D., Perrett, J.R., Webb, A.T., White, D., Observations beneath Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica and implications for its retreat. Nat. Geosci. 3 (2010), 468–472, 10.1038/ngeo890.
Joughin, I., Smith, B.E., Medley, B., Marine ice sheet collapse potentially under way for the Thwaites Glacier Basin, West Antarctica. Science 344 (2014), 735–738.
Khan, S.A., Sasgen, I., Bevis, M., van Dam, T., Bamber, J.L., Wahr, J., Willis, M., Kjaer, K.H., Wouters, B., Helm, V., Csatho, B., Fleming, K., Bjork, A.A., Aschwanden, A., Knudsen, P., Munneke, P.K., Geodetic measurements reveal similarities between post-Last Glacial Maximum and present-day mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet. Sci. Adv., 2(9), 2016, 10.1126/sciadv.1600931.
Khvorostovsky, K.S., Merging and analysis of elevation time series over Greenland Ice Sheet from satellite radar altimetry, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 50 (2012), 23–36, 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2160071.
Kimura, S., Jenkins, A., Dutrieux, P., Forryan, A., Garabato, A.C.N., Firing, Y., Ocean mixing beneath Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, West Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 121 (2016), 8496–8510, 10.1002/2016JC012149.
Kingslake, J., Ng, F., Sole, A., Modelling channelized surface drainage of supraglacial lakes. J. Glaciol. 61 (2015), 185–199.
Kingslake, J., Ely, J.C., Das, I., Bell, R.E., Widespread movement of meltwater onto and across Antarctic ice shelves. Nature 544 (2017), 349–352, 10.1038/nature22049.
Kingslake, J., Scherer, R.P., Albrecht, T., Coenen, J., Powell, R.D., Reese, R., Stansell, N.D., Tulaczyk, S., Wearing, M.G., Whitehouse, P.L., Extensive retreat and re-advance of the west antarctic ice sheet during the holocene. Nature 558:7710 (2018), 430–434.
Koenig, L.S., Ivanoff, A., Alexander, P.M., MacGregor, J.A., Fettweis, X., Panzer, B., Paden, J.D., Forster, R.R., Das, I., McConnell, J.R., Tedesco, M., Leuschen, C., Gogineni, P., Annual Greenland accumulation rates (2009–2012) from airborne snow radar. Cryosphere 10 (2016), 1739–1752, 10.5194/tc-10-1739-2016.
Konrad, H., Sasgen, I., Pollard, D., Klemann, V., Potential of the solid-Earth response for limiting long-term West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat in a warming climate. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 432 (2015), 254–264.
Krinner, G., Largeron, C., Ménégoz, M., Agosta, C., Brutel-Vuilmet, C., Oceanic forcing of antarctic climate change: a study using a stretched-grid atmospheric general circulation model. J. Clim. 27 (2014), 5786–5800, 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00367.1.
Krinner, G., Beaumet, J., Favier, V., Déqué, M., Brutel-Vuilmet, C., Empirical run ‐time bias correction for Antarctic regional climate projections with a stretched‐grid AGCM. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 11 (2019), 64–82.
Kronenberg, M., Barandun, M., Hoelzle, M., Huss, M., Farinotti, D., Azisov, E., Usubaliev, R., Gafurov, A., Petrakov, D., Kääb, A., Mass-balance reconstruction for Glacier No. 354, Tien Shan, from 2003 to 2014. Ann. Glaciol. 57:71 (2016), 92–102, 10.3189/2016AoG71A032.
Kuipers Munneke, P., Luckman, A.J., Bevan, S.L., Smeets, C.J.P.P., Gilbert, E., Van den Broeke, M.R., Wang, W., Zender, C., Hubbard, B., Ashmore, D., Orr, A., King, J.C., Kulessa, B., Intense winter surface melt on an Antarctic ice shelf. Geophys. Res. Lett. 45:15 (2018), 7615–7623, 10.1029/2018GL077899.
Larour, E., Seroussi, H., Adhikari, Z., Ivins, E., Caron, L., Morlighem, M., Schlegel, N., Slowdown in Antarctic mass loss from solid Earth and sea-level feedbacks. Science, 364(6444), 2019, 10.1126/science.aav7908.
Leclercq, P.W., Oerlemans, J., Cogley, J.G., Estimating the glacier contribution to sea-level rise for the period 1800–2005. Surv. Geophys. 32 (2011), 519–535, 10.1007/s10712-011-9121-7.
Leclercq, P.W., Weidick, A., Paul, F., Bolch, T., Citterio, M., Oerlemans, J., Brief communication “Historical glacier length changes in West Greenland”. Cryosphere 6 (2012), 1339–1343, 10.5194/tc-6-1339-2012.
Leclercq, P.W., Oerlemans, J., Basagic, H.J., Bushueva, I., Cook, A.J., Le Bris, R., A data set of worldwide glacier length fluctuations. Cryosphere 8 (2014), 659–672, 10.5194/tc-8-659-2014.
Lenaerts, J.T.M., van Den Broeke, M.R., Scarchilli, C., Agosta, C., Impact of model resolution on simulated wind, drifting snow and surface mass balance in Terre Adélie, East Antarctica. J. Glaciol. 58:211 (2012), 821–829, 10.3189/2012JoG12J020.
Lenaerts, J.T.M., Le Bars, D., Kampenhout, L., Vizcaino, M., Enderlin, E.M., van den Broeke, M.R., Representing Greenland ice sheet freshwater fluxes in climate models. Geophys. Res. Lett. 42 (2015), 6373–6381, 10.1002/2015GL064738.
Lenaerts, J.T.M., Vizcaino, M., Fyke, J., van Kampenhout, L., van den Broeke, M.R., Present-day and future Antarctic ice sheet climate and surface mass balance in the Community Earth System Model. Clim. Dyn. 47:5-6 (2016), 1367–1381, 10.1007/s00382-015-2907-4.
Lenaerts, J.T.M., Lhermitte, S., Drews, R., Ligtenberg, S.R.M., Berger, S., Helm, V., Smeets, C.J.P.P., van den Broeke, M.R., van de Berg, W.J., van Meijgaard, E., Eijkelboom, M., Elsen, O., Pattyn, F., Meltwater produced by wind-albedo interaction stored in an East Antarctic ice shelf. Nat. Clim. Chang. 7:1 (2017), 58–62, 10.1038/nclimate3180.
Lenaerts, J., Ligtenberg, S.R.M., Medley, B., van de Berg, W.J., Konrad, H., Nicolas, J.P., van Wessem, J.M., Trusel, L.D., Mulvaney, R., Tuckwell, R.J., Hogg, A.E., Thomas, E.R., Climate and surface mass balance of coastal West Antarctica resolved by regional climate modelling. Ann. Glaciol. 59:76 (2018), 29–41, 10.1017/aog.2017.42.
Levermann, A., Winkekmann, R., Nowicki, S., Fastook, J.L., Frieler, K., Greve, R., Hellmer, H.H., Martin, M.A., Meinshausen, M., Mengel, M., Payne, A.J., Pollard, D., Sato, T., Timmermann, R., Wang, W.L., Bindschadler, R.A., Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from SeaRISE ice-sheet models. Earth Syst. Dyn. 5 (2014), 271–293, 10.5194/esd-5-271-2014.
Lewis, G., Osterberg, E., Hawley, R., Whitmore, B., Marshall, H.P., Box, J., Regional Greenland accumulation variability from Operation IceBridge airborne accumulation radar. Cryosphere 11:2 (2017), 773–788, 10.5194/tc-11-773-2017.
Li, J., Zwally, H.J., Response times of ice-sheet surface heights to changes in the rate of Antarctic firn compaction caused by accumulation and temperature variations. J. Glaciol., 2015, 1037–1047, 10.3189/2015JoG14J082.
Libois, Q., Picard, G., Arnaud, L., Morin, S., Brun, E., Modeling the impact of snow drift on the decameter-scale variability of snow properties on the Antarctic Plateau. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119(11), 2014, 681, 10.1002/2014JD022361 662–11.
Lipscomb, W., Fyke, J.G., Vizcaino, M., Sacks, W., Wolfe, J., Vertenstein, M., Craig, A., Kluzek, E., Lawrence, D., Implementation and initial evaluation of the glimmer community ice sheet model in the community earth system model. J. Clim. 26:19 (2013), 7352–7371.
Lucas-Picher, P., Wulff-Nielsen, M., Christensen, J.H., Adalgeirsdóttir, G., Mottram, R.H., Simonsen, S.B., Very high resolution regional climate model simulations over Greenland: identifying added value. J. Geophys. Res., 117, 2012, D02108, 10.1029/2011JD016267.
Luthcke, S.B., Arendt, A.A., Rowlands, D.D., Mccarthy, J.J., Larsen, C.F., Recent glacier mass changes in the Gulf of Alaska region from GRACE mascon solutions. J. Glaciol. 54:188 (2008), 767–777.
MacAyeal, D.R., The basal stress distribution of Ice Stream E, Antarctica, inferred by control methods. J. Geophys. Res. 97:B1 (1992), 595–603, 10.1029/91JB02454.
Machguth, H., Thomsen, H.H., Weidick, A., Ahlstrøm, A.P., Abermann, J., Andersen, M.L., Andersen, S.B., Bjørk, A.A., Box, J.E., Braithwaite, R.J., Bøggild, C.E., Citterio, M., Clement, P., Colgan, W., Fausto, R.S., Gleie, K., Gubler, S., Hasholt, B., Hynek, B., Knudsen, N.T., Larsen, S.H., Mernild, S.H., Oerlemans, J., Oerter, H., Olesen, O.B., Smeets, C.J.P.P., Steffen, K., Stober, M., Sugiyama, S., van As, D., van den Broeke, M.R., van de Wal, R.S.W., Greenland surface mass-balance observations from the ice-sheet ablation area and local glaciers. J. Glaciol. 62:235 (2016), 861–887, 10.1017/jog.2016.75.
Martín-Español, A., Zammit-Mangion, A., Clarke, P.J., Flament, T., Helm, V., King, M.A., Luthcke, S.B., Petrie, E., Remy, F., Schon, N., Wouters, B., Bamber, J.L., Spatial and temporal Antarctic Ice Sheet mass trends, glacio-isostatic adjustment, and surface processes from a joint inversion of satellite altimeter, gravity, and GPS data. J. Geophys. Res.: Earth Surface 121:2 (2016), 182–200.
Martín-Español, A., Bamber, J.L., Zammit-Mangion, A., Constraining the mass balance of East Antarctica. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44 (2017), 4168–4175, 10.1002/2017GL072937.
Marzeion, B., Jarosch, A.H., Hofer, M., Past and future sea-level change from the surface mass balance of glaciers. Cryosphere 6 (2012), 1295–1322, 10.5194/tc-6-1295-2012.
Marzeion, B., Cogley, J.G., Richter, K., Parkes, D., Attribution of global glacier mass loss to anthropogenic and natural causes. Science 345:6199 (2014), 919–921, 10.1126/science.1254702.
Marzeion, B., Jarosch, A.H., Gregory, J.M., Feedbacks and mechanisms affecting the global sensitivity of glaciers to climate change. Cryosphere 8 (2014), 59–71, 10.5194/tc-8-59-2014.
Marzeion, B., Leclercq, P.W., Cogley, J.G., Jarosch, A.H., Brief communication: global reconstructions of glacier mass change during the 20th century are consistent. Cryosphere 9 (2015), 2399–2404, 10.5194/tc-9-2399-2015.
Marzeion, B., Champollion, N., Haeberli, W., Langley, K., Leclercq, P., Paul, F., Observation-based estimates of global glacier mass change and its contribution to sea-level change. Surv. Geophys. 38 (2017), 105–130, 10.1007/s10712-016-9394-y.
Marzeion, B., Kaser, G., Maussion, F., Champollion, N., Limited influence of climate change mitigation on short-term glacier mass loss. Nat. Clim. Chang. 8 (2018), 305–308, 10.1038/s41558-018-0093-1.
Massom, R.A., Pook, M.J., Comiso, J.C., Adams, N., Turner, J., Lachlan-Cope, T., Gibson, T.T., Precipitation over the interior East Antarctic Ice Sheet related to midlatitude blocking-high activity. J. Clim. 17 (2004), 1914–1928.
McMillan, M., Leeson, A., Shepherd, A., Briggs, K., Armitage, T.W.K., Hogg, A., Kuipers Munneke, P., van den Broeke, M., Noël, B., van de Berg, W.J., Ligtenberg, S., Horwath, M., Groh, A., Muir, A., Gilbert, L., A high-resolution record of Greenland mass balance. Geophys. Res. Lett. 43 (2016), 7002–7010.
Medley, B., Joughin, I., Das, S.B., Steig, E.J., Conway, H., Gogineni, S., Criscitiello, A.S., McConnell, J.R., Smith, B.E., van den Broeke, M.R., Lenaerts, J.T.M., Bromwich, D.H., Nicolas, J.P., Airborne-radar and ice-core observations of annual snow accumulation over Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica confirm the spatiotemporal variability of global and regional atmospheric models. Geophys. Res. Lett. 40 (2013), 3649–3654, 10.1002/grl.50706.
Medley, B., Ligtenberg, S.R.M., Joughin, I., van den Broeke, M.R., Gogineni, S., Nowicki, S., Antarctic firn compaction rates from repeat-track airborne radar data: I. Methods. Ann. Glaciol. 56 (2015), 155–166, 10.3189/2015AoG70A203.
Melkonian, A.K., Willis, M.J., Pritchard, M.E., Stewart, A.J., Recent changes in glacier velocities and thinning at Novaya Zemlya. Remote Sens. Environ. 174 (2016), 244–257, 10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.001.
Montgomery, L., Koenig, L., Alexander, P., The SUMup dataset: compiled measurements of surface mass balance components over ice sheets and sea ice with analysis over Greenland. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 10 (2018), 1959–1985.
Moon, T., Joughin, I., Smith, B., Howat, I., 21st-century evolution of Greenland outlet glacier velocities. Science 336:6081 (2012), 576–578.
Mordret, A., Uncovering the Iceland hot spot track beneath Greenland. J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth 123:6 (2018), 4922–4941.
Morlighem, M., Rignot, E., Seroussi, H., Larour, E., Ben Dhia, H., Aubry, D., Spatial patterns of basal drag inferred using control methods from a full-Stokes and simpler models for Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37:14 (2010), 1–6, 10.1029/2010GL043853.
Morlighem, M., Seroussi, H., Larour, E., Rignot, E., Inversion of basal friction in Antarctica using exact and incomplete adjoints of a higher-order model. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 118:3 (2013), 1746–1753, 10.1002/jgrf.20125.
Mouginot, J., Rignot, E., Bjørk, A., van den Broeke, M., Millan, R., Morlighem, M., Noël, B., Scheuchl, B., Wood, M., Forty-six years of Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance: 1972 to 2018. PNAS 116:19 (2019), 9239–9244 doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904242116.
Nias, I.J., Cornford, S.L., Payne, A.J., Contrasting the modelled sensitivity of the Amundsen Sea embayment ice streams. J. Glaciol 62 (2016), 552–562.
Nick, F.M., Vieli, A., Andersen, M.L., Joughin, I., Payne, A., Edwards, T.L., Pattyn, F., Van De Wal, R.S.W., Future sea-level rise from Greenland's main outlet glaciers in a warming climate. Nature. 497:7448 (2013), 235–238, 10.1038/nature12068.
Nicolas, J.P., Vogelmann, A.M., Scott, R.C., Wilson, A.B., Cadeddu, M.P., Bromwich, D.H., Verlinde, J., Lubin, D., Russell, L.M., Jenkinson, C., Powers, H.H., Ryczek, M., Stone, G., Wille, J.D., January 2016 extensive summer melt in West Antarctica favoured by strong El Niño. Nat. Commun., 8, 2017, 15799, 10.1038/ncomms15799.
Nield, G.A., Barletta, V.R., Bordoni, A., King, M.A., Whitehouse, P.L., Clarke, P.J., Domack, E., Scambos, T.A., Berthier, E., Rapid bedrock uplift in the Antarctic Peninsula explained by viscoelastic response to recent ice unloading. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 397 (2014), 32–41.
Nilsson, J., Gardner, A., Sørensen, L.S., Forsberg, R., Improved retrieval of land ice topography from CryoSat-2 data and its impact for volume-change estimation of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Cryosphere 10 (2016), 2953–2969.
Noël, B., van de Berg, W.J., van Wessem, J.M., van Meijgaard, E., van As, D., Lenaerts, J.T.M., Lhermitte, S., Kuipers Munneke, P., Smeets, C.J.P.P., van Ulft, L.H., van de Wal, R.S.W., van den Broeke, M.R., Modelling the climate and surface mass balance of polar ice sheets using RACMO2 – part 1: greenland (1958–2016). Cryosphere 12 (2018), 811–831.
Noël, B., van de Berg, W.J., Lhermitte, S., Wouters, B., Schaffer, N., van den Broeke, M.R., Six decades of glacial mass loss in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. J. Geophys. Res.: Earth Surface 123 (2018), 1430–1449, 10.1029/2017JF004304.
Nowicki, S.M.J., Payne, A., Larour, E., Seroussi, H., Goelzer, H., Lipscomb, W., Gregory, J., Abe-Ouchi, A., Shepherd, A., Ice sheet model intercomparison project (ISMIP6) contribution to CMIP6. Geosci. Model Dev. 9 (2016), 4521–4545, 10.5194/gmd-9-4521-2016.
Palerme, C., Kay, J.E., Genthon, C., L'Ecuyer, T., Wood, N.B., Claud, C., How much snow falls on the Antarctic ice sheet?. Cryosphere 8 (2014), 1577–1587, 10.5194/tc-8-1577-2014.
Palerme, C., Genthon, C., Claud, C., Kay, J.E., Wood, N.B., L'Ecuyer, T., Evaluation of current and projected Antarctic precipitation in CMIP5 models. Clim. Dyn. 48 (2017), 225–239, 10.1007/s00382-016-3071-1.
Parkes, D., Marzeion, B., Twentieth-century contribution to sea-level rise from uncharted glaciers. Nature 563 (2018), 551–554, 10.1038/s41586-018-0687-9.
Pattyn, F., Schoof, C., Perichon, L., Hindmarsh, R.C.A., Bueler, E., De Fleurian, B., Durand, G., Gagliardini, O., Gladstone, R., Goldberg, D., Gudmundsson, G.H., Huybrechts, P., Lee, V., Nick, F.M., Payne, A.J., Pollard, D., Rybak, O., Saito, F., Vieli, A., Results of the marine ice sheet model intercomparison project. MISMIP. Cryosphere 6:3 (2012), 573–588, 10.5194/tc-6-573-2012.
Pattyn, F., Perichon, L., Durand, G., Favier, L., Gagliardini, O., Hindmarsh, R.C.A., Zwinger, T., Albrecht, T., Cornford, S., Docquier, D., F¨urst, J.J., Goldberg, D., Gudmundsson, G.H., Humbert, A., Hütten, M., Huybrechts, P., Jouvet, G., Kleiner, T., Larour, E., Martin, D., Morlighem, M., Payne, A.J., Pollard, D., Rückamp, M., Rybak, O., Seroussi, H., Thoma, M., Wilkens, N., Grounding-line migration in plan-view marine ice-sheet models: results of the ice2sea MISMIP3d intercomparison. J. Glaciol. 59:215 (2013), 410–422, 10.3189/2013JoG12J129.
Pattyn, F., Ritz, C., Hanna, E., Asay-Davis, X., DeConto, R., Durand, G., Favier, L., Fettweis, X., Goelzer, H., Golledge, N.R., Munneke, P.K., Lenaerts, J.T.M., Nowicki, S., Payne, A.J., Robinson, A., Seroussi, H., Trusel, L.D., van den Broeke, M., The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets under 1.5◦C global warming. Nat. Clim. Chang. 8 (2018), 1053–1061.
Pfeffer, W.T., Arendt, A.A., Bliss, A., Bolch, T., Cogley, J.G., Gardner, A.S., Hagen, J.O., Hock, R., Kaser, G., Kienholz, C., Miles, E.S., Moholdt, G., Mölg, N., Paul, F., Radić, V., Rastner, P., Raup, B.H., Rich, J., Sharp, M.J., the Randolph Consortium, The Randolph Glacier Inventory: a globally complete inventory of glaciers. J. Glaciol. 60 (2014), 537–552, 10.3189/2014JoG13J176.
Pollard, D., DeConto, R.M., Alley, R.B., Potential Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat driven by hydrofracturing and ice cliff failure. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 412 (2015), 112–121, 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.035.
Pollard, D., Gomez, N., DeConto, R.M., Variations of the Antarctic Ice Sheet in a coupled ice sheet-Earth-sea level model: sensitivity to viscoelastic Earth properties. J. Geophys. Res.: Earth Surface 122 (2017), 2124–2138.
Previdi, M., Polvani, L.M., Anthropogenic impact on Antarctic surface mass balance, currently masked by natural variability, to emerge by mid-century. Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 2016, 094001, 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094001.
Radić, V., Bliss, A., Beedlow, A.C., Hock, R., Miles, E., Cogley, J.G., Regional and global projections of twenty-first century glacier mass changes in response to climate scenarios from global climate models. Clim. Dynam. 42 (2014), 37–58, 10.1007/s10712-013-9262-y.
Reager, J.T., Gardner, A.S., Famiglietti, J.S., Wiese, D.N., Eicker, A., Lo, M.H., A decade of sea level rise slowed by climate-driven hydrology. Science 351:6274 (2016), 699–703, 10.1126/science.aad8386.
Reerink, T.J., van de Berg, W.J., van de Wal, R.S.W., OBLIMAP 2.0: a fast climate model–ice sheet model coupler including online embeddable mapping routines. Geosci. Model. 9 (2016), 4111–4132, 10.5194/gmd-9-4111-2016.
Rietbroek, R., Brunnabend, S.E., Kusche, J., Schröter, J., Dahle, C., Revisiting the contemporary sea-level budget on global and regional scales. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113:6 (2016), 1504–1509, 10.1073/pnas.1519132113.
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., Morlighem, M., Seroussi, H., Scheuchl, B., Widespread, rapid grounding line retreat of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica, from 1992 to 2011. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41:10 (2014), 3502–3509.
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., Scheuchl, B., van den Broeke, M., van Wessem, M.J., Morlighem, M., Four decades of Antarctic Ice Sheet mass balance from 1979-2017. PNAS 116:4 (2019), 1095–1103.
Rodell, M., Houser, P.R., Jambor, U., Gottschalck, J., Mitchell, K., Meng, C.-J., Arsenault, K., Cosgrove, B., Radakovich, J., Bosilovich, M., Entin, J.K., Walker, J.P., Lohmann, D., Toll, D., The global land data assimilation system. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 85 (2004), 381–394, 10.1175/BAMS-85-3-381.
Sasgen, I., Martín-Español, A., Horvath, A., Klemann, V., Petrie, E.J., Wouters, B., Horwath, M., Pail, R., Bamber, J.L., Clarke, P.J., Konrad, H., Drinkwater, M.R., Joint inversion estimate of regional glacial isostatic adjustment in Antarctica considering a lateral varying Earth structure (ESA STSE Project REGINA). Geophys. J. Int. 211:3 (2017), 1534–1553.
Sasgen, I., Konrad, H., Helm, V., Grosfeld, K., High-resolution mass trends of the Antarctic ice sheet through a spectral combination of satellite gravimetry and radar altimetry observations. Remote Sens. (Basel), 11, 2019, 144.
Saunders, K.M., Roberts, S.J., Perren, B., Butz, C., Sime, L., Davies, S., Van Nieuwenhuyze, W., Grosjean, M., Hodgson, D.A., Holocene dynamics of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds and possible links to CO2 outgassing. Nat. Geosci. 11:9 (2018), 650–655.
Scambos, T., Shuman, C., Comment on “Mass gains of the Antarctic ice sheet exceed losses” by H.J. Zwally and others. J. Glaciol. 62 (2016), 599–603.
Schlosser, E., Stenni, B., Valt, M., Cagnati, A., Powers, J.G., Manning, K.W., Raphael, M., Duda, M.G., Precipitation and synoptic regime in two extreme years 2009 and 2010 at Dome C, Antarctica – implications for ice core interpretation. Atmospheric Chem. Phys. 16 (2016), 4757–4770.
Schoof, C., Ice sheet grounding line dynamics: steady states, stability, and hysteresis. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 112, 2007, F03S28.
Schrama, E.J.O., Wouters, B., Rietbroek, R., A mascon approach to assess ice sheet and glacier mass balances and their uncertainties from GRACE data. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 119 (2014), 6048–6066, 10.1002/2013JB010923.
Scott, R.C., Nicolas, J.P., Bromwich, D., Norris, J.R., Lubin, D., Meteorological drivers and large‐scale climate forcing of West Antarctic surface melt. J. Clim. 32 (2019), 665–684.
Seroussi, H., Nakayama, Y., Larour, E., Menemenlis, D., Morlighem, M., Rignot, E., Khazendar, A., Continued retreat of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, controlled by bed topography and ocean circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44 (2017), 6191–6199.
Seroussi, H., Nowicki, S., Simon, E., Ouchi, A.A., Albrecht, T., Brondex, J., Cornford, S., Dumas, C., Gillet-Chaulet, F., Gladstone, R., Goelzer, H., Golledge, N., Gregory, J., Greve, R., Hoffman, M., Humbert, A., Huybrechts, P., Kleiner, T., Larour, E., Leguy, G., Lipscomb, W., Lowry, D., Mengel, M., Morlighem, M., Pattyn, F., Payne, A., Pollard, D., Price, S., Quiquet, A., Reerink, T., Reese, R., Rodehacke, C., Schlegel, N., Shepherd, A., Sun, S., Sutter, J., Breedam, J.V., Wal, Rvd., Winkelmann, R., Zhang, T., initMIP-Antarctica: an ice sheet model initialization experiment of ISMIP6. Cryosphere 13 (2019), 1441–1471.
Shepherd, A., Ivins, E.R., Barletta, V.R., Bentley, M.J., Bettadpur, S., Briggs, K.H., Bromwich, D.H., Forsberg, R., Galin, N., Horwath, M., Jacobs, S., Joughin, I., King, M.A., Lenaerts, J.T.M., Li, J., Ligtenberg, S.R.M., Luckman, A., Luthcke, S.B., McMillan, M., Meister, R., Milne, G., Mouginot, J., Muir, A., Nicolas, J.P., Paden, J., Payne, A.J., Pritchard, H., Rignot, E., Rott, H., Sørensen, L.S., Scambos, T.A., Scheuchl, B., Schrama, E.J.O., Smith, B., Sundal, A.V., van Angelen, J.H., van de Berg, W.J., van den Broeke, M.R., Vaughan, D.G., Velicogna, I., Wahr, J., Whitehouse, P.L., Wingham, D.J., Yi, D., Young, D., Zwally, H.J., A reconciled estimate of ice-sheet mass balance. Science 338:6111 (2012), 1183–1189.
Shepherd, A., Ivins, E., Rignot, E., Smith, B., van den Broeke, M., Velicogna, I., Whitehouse, P., Briggs, K., Joughin, I., Krinner, G., Nowicki, S., Payne, T., Scambos, T., Schlegel, N., Geruo, A., Agosta, C., Ahlstrom, A., Babonis, G., Barletta, V., Blazquez, A., Bonin, J., Csatho, B., Cullather, R., Felikson, D., Fettweis, X., Forsberg, R., Gallee, H., Gardner, A., Gilbert, L., Groh, A., Gunter, B., Hanna, E., Harig, C., Helm, V., Horvath, A., Horwath, M., Khan, S., Kjeldsen, K.K., Konrad, H., Langen, P., Lecavalier, B., Loomis, B., Luthcke, S., McMillan, M., Melini, D., Mernild, S., Mohajerani, Y., Moore, P., Mouginot, J., Moyano, G., Muir, A., Nagler, T., Nield, G., Nilsson, J., Noël, B., Otosaka, I., Pattle, M.E., Peltier, W.R., Pie, N., Rietbroek, R., Rott, H., Sandberg-Sorensen, L., Sasgen, I., Save, H., Scheuchl, B., Schrama, E., Schroder, L., Seo, K.W., Simonsen, S., Slater, T., Spada, G., Sutterley, T., Talpe, M., Tarasov, L., van de Berg, W.J., van der Wal, W., van Wessem, M., Vishwakarma, B.D., Wiese, D., Wouters, B., The IMBIE team, Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017. Nature 558 (2018), 219–222.
Siegert, M.J., Glacial-interglacial variations in central East Antarctic ice accumulation rates. Quat. Sci. Rev. 22 (2003), 741–750.
Slangen, A.B.A., van de Wal, R.S.W., An assessment of uncertainties in using volume-area modelling for computing the twenty-first century glacier contribution to sea-level change. Cryosphere 5 (2011), 673–686, 10.5194/tc-5-673-2011.
Slangen, A.B.A., Adloff, F., Jevrejeva, S., Leclercq, P.W., Marzeion, B., Wada, Y., Winkelmann, R., A review of recent updates of sea level projections at global and regional scales. Surv. Geophys. 38:1 (2017), 385–406, 10.1007/s10712-016-9374-2.
Smeets, C.J.P.P., Kuipers Munneke, P., van As, D., van den Broeke, M.R., Boot, W., Oerlemans, J., Snellen, H., Reijmer, C.H., van de Wal, R.S.W., The K-transect in west Greenland: automatic weather station data (1993-2016). Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 50(1), 2018, e1420954, 10.1080/15230430.2017.1420954.
Souverijns, N., Gossart, A., Gorodetskaya, I.V., Lhermitte, S., Mangold, A., Laffineur, Q., Delcloo, A., van Lipzig, N.P.M., How does the ice sheet surface mass balance relate to snowfall? Insights from a ground-based precipitation radar in East Antarctica. Cryosphere 12 (2018), 1987–2003, 10.5194/tc-12-1987-2018.
Steger, C.R., Reijmer, C.H., van den Broeke, M.R., Wever, N., Forster, R.R., Koenig, L.S., Kuipers Munneke, P., Lehning, M., Lhermitte, S., Ligtenberg, S.R.M., Miège, C., Nöel, B.P.Y., Firn meltwater retention on the Greenland ice sheet: a model comparison. Front. Earth Sci., 5, 2017, 3, 10.3389/feart.2017.00003.
Stenni, B., Scarchilli, C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Schlosser, E., Ciardini, V., Dreossi, G., Grigioni, P., Bonazza, M., Cagnati, A., Karlicek, D., Risi, C., Udisti, R., Valt, M., Three-year monitoring of stable isotopes of precipitation at Concordia Station, East Antarctica. Cryosphere 10 (2016), 2415–2428, 10.5194/tc-10-2415-2016.
Stewart, C.L., Christoffersen, P., Nicholls, K.W., Williams, M.J.M., Dowdeswell, J.A., Basal melting of Ross Ice Shelf from solar heat adsorption in an ice-front polynya. Nat. Geosci. 12 (2019), 435–440, 10.1038/s41561-019-0356-0.
Stibal, M., Box, J.E., Cameron, K.A., Langen, P.L., Yallop, M.L., Mottram, R.H., Khan, A.L., Molotch, N.P., Chrismas, N.A.M., Quaglia, F.C., Remias, D., Smeets, C.J.P.P., van den Broeke, M.R., Ryan, J.C., Hubbard, A., Tranter, M., van As, D., Ahlstrom, A., Algae Drive Enhanced Darkening of Bare Ice on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44 (2017), 11463–11471, 10.1002/2017GL075958.
Straneo, F., Heimbach, P., Sergienko, O., Hamilton, G., Catania, G., Griffies, S., Hallberg, R., Jenkins, A., Joughin, I., Motyka, R., Pfeffer, W.T., Price, S.F., Rignot, E., Scambos, T., Truffer, M., Vieli, A., Challenges to understanding the dynamic response of Greenland's marine terminating glaciers to oceanic and atmospheric forcing. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 94 (2013), 1131–1144.
Sutanudjaja, E.H., van Beek, R., Wanders, N., Wada, Y., Bosmans, J.H.C., Drost, N., van der Ent, R.J., de Graaf, I.E.M., Hoch, J.M., de Jong, K., Karssenberg, D., López López, P., Peßenteiner, S., Schmitz, O., Straatsma, M.W., Vannametee, E., Wisser, D., Bierkens, M.F.P., PCR-GLOBWB 2: a 5 arcmin global hydrological and water resources model. Geosci. Model Dev. 11 (2018), 2429–2453, 10.5194/gmd-11-2429-2018.
Talpe, M.J., Nerem, R.S., Forootan, E., Schmidt, M., Lemoine, F.G., Enderlin, E.M., Landerer, F.W., Ice mass change in Greenland and Antarctica between 1993 and 2013 from satellite gravity measurements. J. Geod. 91 (2017), 1283–1298.
Tedesco, M., Mote, T., Fettweis, X., Hanna, E., Jeyaratnam, J., Booth, J.F., Datta, R., Briggs, K., Arctic cut-off high drives the poleward shift of a new Greenland melting record. Nature Communics., 7, 2016, 11723.
Tedesco, M., Box, J.E., Cappelen, J., Fausto, R.S., Fettweis, X., Andersen, J.K., Mote, T., Smeets, C.J.P.P., van As, D., van de Wal, R.S.W., Greenland Ice Sheet. Arctic Report Card: Update for 2018. NOAA., 2018 https://arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card/Report-Card-2018/ArtMID/7878/ArticleID/781/Greenland-Ice-Sheet.
Thomas, E.R., van Wessem, J.M., Roberts, J., Isaksson, E., Schlosser, E., Fudge, T.J., Vallelonga, P., Medley, B., Lenaerts, J., Bertler, N., van den Broeke, M.R., Dixon, D.A., Frezzotti, M., Stenni, B., Curran, M., Ekaykin, A.A., Regional Antarctic snow accumulation over the past 1000 years. Clim. Past 13 (2017), 1491–1513, 10.5194/cp-13-1491-2017.
Thomas, R.H., Bentley, C.R., A model for holocene retreat of the west antarctic ice sheet. Quat. Res. 10:2 (1978), 150–170, 10.1016/0033-5894(78)90098-4.
Thompson, D.W.J., Solomon, S., Kushner, P.J., England, M.H., Grise, K.M., Karoly, D.J., Signatures of the Antarctic ozone hole in Southern Hemisphere surface climate change. Nat. Geosci. 4 (2011), 741–749, 10.1038/ngeo1296.
Trusel, L.D., Das, S.B., Osman, M.B., Evans, M.J., Smith, B.E., Fettweis, X., McConnell, J.R., Noël, B.P.Y., van den Broeke, M.R., Nonlinear rise in Greenland runoff in response to post-industrial Arctic warming. Nature 564:7734 (2018), 104–108.
Turner, J., Hosking, J.S., Bracegirdle, T.J., Phillips, T., Marshall, G.J., Variability and trends in the Southern Hemisphere high latitude, quasi-stationary planetary waves. Int. J. Climatol. 37 (2016), 2325–2336, 10.1002/joc.4848.
Turner, J., Phillips, T., Thamban, M., Rahaman, W., Marshall, G.J., Wille, J.D., Favier, V., Winton, V.H.L., Thomas, E., Wang, Z., van den Broeke, M., Hosking, J.S., Lachlan-Cope, T., The dominant role of extreme precipitation events in Antarctic snowfall variability. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46:6 (2019), 3502–3511, 10.1029/2018GL081517.
van den Broeke, M.R., Reijmer, C.H., Van de Wal, R.S.W., A study of the surface mass balance in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, using automatic weather station S. J. Glaciol. 50:171 (2004), 565–582.
van Den Broeke, M.R., Smeets, C.J.P.P., Van De Wal, R.S.W., The seasonal cycle and interannual variability of surface energy balance and melt in the ablation zone of the west Greenland ice sheet. Cryosphere 5:2 (2011), 377–390, 10.5194/tc-5-377-2011.
van Den Broeke, M.R., Enderlin, E.M., Howat, I.M., Kuipers Munneke, P., Noël, B.P.Y., van de Berg, W.J., van Meijgaard, E., Wouters, B., On the recent contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to sea level change. Cryosphere, 10(5), 2016, 10.5194/tc-10-1933-2016.
van den Broeke, M., Box, J., Fettweis, X., Hanna, E., Noel, B., Tedesco, M., van As, D., Van de Berg, W., van Kampenhaout, L., Greenland ice sheet surface mass loss: recent developments in observation and modeling. Curr. Clim. Change Rep. 3 (2017), 345–356.
Van Kampenhout, L., Lenaerts, J.T.M., Lipscomb, W.H., Sacks, W.J., Lawrence, D.M., Slater, A.G., van den Broeke, M.R., Improving the representation of polar snow and firn in the Community Earth System Model. J. Adv. Model Earth Sy. 9:7 (2017), 2583–2600.
Van Tricht, K., Lhermitte, S., Lenaerts, J.T.M., Gorodetskaya, I.V., L'Ecuyer, T.S., Noël, B., van den Broeke, M.R., Turner, D.D., van Lipzig, N.P.M., Clouds enhance Greenland ice sheet meltwater runoff. Nat. Commun., 7, 2016, 10266, 10.1038/ncomms10266.
Van Wessem, J.M., van de Berg, W.J., Noël, B.P.Y., van Meijgaard, E., Amory, C., Birnbaum, G., Jakobs, C.L., Krüger, K., Lenaerts, J.T.M., Lhermitte, S., Ligtenberg, S.R.M., Medley, B., Reijmer, C.H., van Tricht, K., Trusel, L.D., van Ulft, L.H., Wouters, B., Wuite, J., Van den Broeke, M.R., Modelling the climate and surface mass balance of polar ice sheets using RACMO2 – part 2: antarctica (1979–2016). Cryosphere 12 (2018), 1479–1498.
Van Wessem, J.M., Reijmer, C.H., Van De Berg, W.J., van den Broeke, M.R., Cook, A., van Ulft, L.H., van Meijgaard, E., Temperature and wind climate of the Antarctic Peninsula as simulated by a high-resolution Regional Atmospheric Climate Model. J. Clim. 28:18 (2015), 7306–7326, 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0060.1.
Vaughan, D.G., Comiso, J.C., Allison, I., Carrasco, J., Kaser, G., Kwok, R., Mote, P., Murray, T., Paul, F., Ren, J., Rignot, E., Solomina, O., Steffen, K., Zhang, T., Observations: cryosphere. Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S.K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., Midgley, P.M., (eds.) 2013. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change., 2013, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 317–382.
Verfaillie, D., Fily, M., Le Meur, E., Magand, O., Jourdain, B., Arnaud, L., Favier, V., Snow accumulation variability derived from radar and firn core data along a 600 km transect in Adelie Land, East Antarctic plateau. Cryosphere 6 (2012), 1345–1358, 10.5194/tc-6-1345-2012.
Vignon, E., Genthon, C., Barral, H., Amory, C., Picard, G., Gallée, H., Casasanta, G., Argentini, S., Momentum- and Heat-Flux Parametrization at Dome C, Antarctica: a sensitivity study. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 162 (2017), 341–367, 10.1007/s10546-016-0192-3.
Vizcaino, M., Ice sheets as interactive components of Earth System Models: progress and challenges. Wires Clim Change 5:4 (2014), 557–568.
Vizcaino, M., Mikolajewicz, U., Groger, M., Maier-Reimer, E., Schurgers, G., Winguth, A.M.E., Long-term ice sheet-climate interactions under anthropogenic greenhouse forcing simulated with a complex Earth System Model. Clim. Dynam. 31:6 (2008), 665–690.
Vizcaino, M., Mikolajewicz, U., Jungclaus, J., Schurgers, G., Climate modification by future ice sheet changes and consequences for ice sheet mass balance. Clim. Dynam. 34:2-3 (2010), 301–324.
Vizcaino, M., Mikolajewicz, U., Ziemen, F., Rodehacke, C.B., Greve, R., van den Broeke, M.R., Coupled simulations of Greenland Ice Sheet and climate change up to A.D. 2300. Geophys. Res. Lett. 42:10 (2015), 3927–3935.
Wahr, J., Wingham, D., Bentley, C., A method of combining ICESat and GRACE satellite data to constrain Antarctic mass balance. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth B 7 (2000), 16279–16294.
Waibel, M.S., Hulbe, C.L., Jackson, C.S., Martin, D.F., Rate of mass loss across the instability threshold for Thwaites Glacier determines rate of mass loss for entire basin. Geophys. Res. Lett. 45 (2018), 809–816.
Weertman, J., Stability of the junction of an ice sheet and an ice shelf. J. Glaciol. 13:67 (1974), 3–11, 10.3198/1974JoG13-67-3-11.
Whitehouse, P.L., Bentley, M.J., Milne, G.A., King, M.A., Thomas, I.D., A new glacial isostatic adjustment model for Antarctica: calibrated and tested using observations of relative sea-level change and present-day uplift rates. Geophys. J. Int. 190:3 (2012), 1464–1482.
Whitehouse, P.L., Gomez, N., King, M.A., Wiens, D.A., Solid earth processes and the evolution of the antarctic ice sheet. Nat. Commun., 10, 2019, 503.
Wille, J.D., Favier, V., Dufour, A., Gorodetskaya, I.V., Turner, J., Agosta, C., Codron, F., West Antarctic surface melt triggered by atmospheric rivers. Nature Geoscience, in press.
Wingham, D.J., Ridout, A.L., Scharroo, R., Arthern, R.J., Shum, C.K., Antarctic elevation change 1992 to 1996. Science 282 (1998), 456–458.
Wouters, B., Bamber, J.L., van den Broeke, M.R., Lenaerts, J.T.M., Sasgen, I., Limits in detecting acceleration of ice sheet mass loss due to climate variability. Nature Geosci. 6:8 (2013), 613–616.
Wouters, B., Gardner, A.S., Moholdt, G., Global glacier mass loss during the GRACE satellite mission (2002-2016). Front. Earth Sci., 7, 2019, 96, 10.3389/feart.2019.00096.
Yi, D., Zwally, H.J., Cornejo, H.G., Barbieri, K.A., DiMarzio, J.P., Sensitivity of Elevations Observed by Satellite Radar Altimeter Over Ice Sheets to Variations in Backscatter Power and Derived Corrections. CryoSat Validation Workshop, 1–3 February 2011. 2011, Frascati, Italy. European Space Research Institute, European Space Agency, Frascati ESA SP-693.
Yi, S., Sun, W., Heki, K., Qian, A., An increase in the rate of global mean sea level since 2010. Geophys. Res. Lett. 42 (2015), 3998–4006, 10.1002/2015GL063902.
Zekollari, H., Huss, M., Farinotti, D., Modelling the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps under the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble. Cryosphere 13 (2019), 1125–1146, 10.5194/tc-13-1125-2019.
Zemp, M., Frey, H., Gärtner-Roer, I., Nussbaumer, S.U., Hoelzle, M., Paul, F., Haeberli, W., Denzinger, F., Ahlstrøm, A.P., Anderson, B., Bajracharya, S., Baroni, C., Braun, L.N., Cáceres, B.E., Casassa, G., Cobos, G., Dávila, L.R., Delgado Granados, H., Demuth, M.N., Espizua, L., Fischer, A., Fujita, K., Gadek, B., Ghazanfar, A., Hagen, J.O., Holmlund, P., Karimi, N., Li, Z., Pelto, M., Pitte, P., Popovnin, V.V., Portocarrero, C.A., Prinz, R., Sangewar, C.V., Severskiy, I., Sigurdðsson, O., Soruco, A., Usubaliev, R., Vincent, C., Historically unprecedented global glacier decline in the early 21st century. J. Glaciol. 61:228 (2015), 745–762, 10.3189/2015JoG15J017.
Zemp, M., Huss, M., Thibert, E., Eckert, N., McNabb, R., Huber, J., Barandun, M., Machguth, H., Nussbaumer, S.U., Gärtner-Roer, I., Thomson, L., Paul, F., Maussion, F., Kutuzov, S., Cogley, J.G., Global glacier mass changes and their contributions to sea-level rise from 1961 to 2016. Nature 568 (2019), 382–386, 10.1038/s41586-019-1071-0.
Zhang, B., Liu, L., Khan, S.A., van Dam, T., Bjørk, A.A., Peings, Y., Zhang, E., Bevis, M., Yao, Y., Noël, B., Geodetic and model data reveal different spatio-temporal patterns of transient mass changes over Greenland from 2007 to 2017. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 515 (2019), 154–163.
Zwally, H.J., Giovinetto, M.B., Li, J., Cornejo, H.G., Beckley, M.A., Brenner, A.C., Saba, J.L., Yi, D., Mass changes of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and shelves and contributions to sea-level rise: 1992–2002. J. Glaciol. 51 (2005), 509–527 doi: 10.3189/172756505781829007.
Zwally, H.J., Li, J., Robbins, J.W., Saba, J.L., Yi, D., Brenner, A.C., Mass gains of the Antarctic ice sheet exceed losses. J. Glaciol. 61 (2015), 1019–1036.
Zwally, H.J., Li, J., Robbins, J.W., Yi, D., Brenner, A.C., Response to Comment by T. Scambos and C. Shuman (2016) on ‘Mass gains of the Antarctic ice sheet exceed losses’ by H. J. Zwally and others (2015). J. Glaciol., 2016 available on CJO 2016 doi:10.1017/jog.2016.91.
