Article (Scientific journals)
Alcohol cues increase cognitive impulsivity in individuals with alcoholism
Noël, Xavier; Van der Linden, Martial; D'Acremont, Mathieu et al.
2007In Psychopharmacology, 192 (2), p. 291-298
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Keywords :
Alcoholism; Attentional bias; Response inhibition; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Attention; Case-Control Studies; Cognition; Cues; Discrimination (Psychology); Ethanol; Female; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Inhibition (Psychology); Male; Middle Aged; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Temperance
Abstract :
[en] Background: Individuals with alcoholism are characterized by both attentional bias for alcohol cues and prepotent response inhibition deficit. We tested the hypothesis that alcoholics exhibit greater cognitive disinhibition when the response to be suppressed is associated with alcohol-related information. Methods: Forty recently detoxified individuals with alcoholism were compared with 40 healthy non-substance abusers on the "Alcohol-Shifting Task", a variant of the go/no-go paradigm requiring a motor response to targets and no response to distracters. The aim was to test the ability of alcoholics to discriminate between alcohol-related and neutral words. Sometimes, the alcohol-related words were the targets for the "go" response, with neutral words as distracters, sometimes the reverse. Several shifts in target type occurred during the task. Results: Alcoholics made significantly more commission errors (i.e., press a key when a distracter displayed) and more omission errors (i.e., not press a key when a target displayed) than controls. Moreover, the number of commission errors was greater in alcoholics when alcohol-related stimuli had to be detected. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that alcoholics exhibit a basic prepotent response inhibition deficit, which is enhanced when the response to be suppressed is related to alcohol. We discuss clinical and theoretical implications of these findings. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & behavior
Author, co-author :
Noël, Xavier;  Clinic of Addictions, C.H.U. Brugmann, Free University of Brussels (ULB), Salle 72, 4, place Van Gehuchten, Brussels 1020, Belgium
Van der Linden, Martial ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie > Département de Psychologie
D'Acremont, Mathieu;  Université de Genève - UNIGE > Child and Adolescent Psychology Unit
Bechara, Antoine;  University of Iowa > Department of Neurology
Dan, Bernard;  Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola > Department of Neurology
Hanak, Catherine;  C.H.U. Brugmann > Clinic of Addictions
Verbanck, Paul;  C.H.U. Brugmann > Clinic of Addictions
Language :
English
Title :
Alcohol cues increase cognitive impulsivity in individuals with alcoholism
Publication date :
2007
Journal title :
Psychopharmacology
ISSN :
0033-3158
eISSN :
1432-2072
Publisher :
Springer, Germany
Volume :
192
Issue :
2
Pages :
291-298
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBi :
since 11 January 2020

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