Brunkow, M.E.; Gardner, J.C.; Van Ness, J.; Paeper, B.W.; Kovacevich, B.R.; Proll, S.; Skonier, J.E.; Zhao, L.; Sabo, P.J.; Fu, Y.; et al. Bone dysplasia sclerosteosis results from loss of the SOST gene product, a novel cystine knot-containing protein. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2001, 68, 577–589.
Balemans, W.; Ebeling, M.; Patel, N.; Van Hul, E.; Olson, P.; Dioszegi, M.; Lacza, C.; Wuyts, W.; Van Den Ende, J.; Willems, P.; et al. Increased bone density in sclerosteosis is due to the deficiency of a novel secreted protein (SOST). Hum. Mol. Genet. 2001, 10, 537–543.
Thompson, M.L.; Jimenez-Andrade, J.M.; Mantyh, P.W. Sclerostin Immunoreactivity Increases in Cortical Bone Osteocytes and Decreases in Articular Cartilage Chondrocytes in Aging Mice. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2016, 64, 179–189, doi:10.1369/0022155415626499.
Li, X.; Zhang, Y.; Kang, H.; Liu, W.; Liu, P.; Zhang, J.; Harris, S.E.; Wu, D. Sclerostin binds to LRP5/6 and antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 19883–19887, doi:10.1074/jbc.M413274200.
Wijenayaka, A.R.; Kogawa, M.; Lim, H.P.; Bonewald, L.F.; Findlay, D.M.; Atkins, G.J. Sclerostin stimulates osteocyte support of osteoclast activity by a RANKL-dependent pathway. PLoS ONE 2011, 6, e25900, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025900.
Evenepoel, P.; D’Haese, P.; Brandenburg, V. Sclerostin and DKK1: New players in renal bone and vascular disease. Kidney Int. 2015, 88, 235–240, doi:10.1038/ki.2015.156.
Delanaye, P.; Paquot, F.; Bouquegneau, A.; Blocki, F.; Krzesinski, J.M.; Evenepoel, P.; Pottel, H.; Cavalier, E. Sclerostin and chronic kidney disease: The assay impacts what we (thought to) know. Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. 2018, 33, 1404–1410, doi:10.1093/ndt/gfx282.
Bouillon, R.; Coopmans, W.; Degroote, D.E.H.; Radoux, D.; Eliard, P.H. Immunoradiometric Assay of Parathyrin with Polyclonal and Monoclonal Region-Specific Antibodies. Clin. Chem. 1990, 36, 271–276.
Cavalier, E.; Souberbielle, J.C.; Gadisseur, R.; Dubois, B.; Krzesinski, J.M.; Delanaye, P. Inter-method variability in bone alkaline phosphatase measurement: Clinical impact on the management of dialysis patients. Clin. Biochem. 2014, 47, 1227–1230, doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.04.007.
Behets, G.J.; Spasovski, G.; Sterling, L.R.; Goodman, W.G.; Spiegel, D.M.; De Broe, M.E.; D’Haese, P.C. Bone histomorphometry before and after long-term treatment with cinacalcet in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int. 2015, 87, 846–856, doi:10.1038/ki.2014.349.
Dempster, D.W.; Compston, J.E.; Drezner, M.K.; Glorieux, F.H.; Kanis, J.A.; Malluche, H.; Meunier, P.J.; Ott, S.M.; Recker, R.R.; Parfitt, A.M. Standardized nomenclature, symbols, and units for bone histomorphometry: A 2012 update of the report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2013, 28, 2–17, doi:10.1002/jbmr.1805.
Durosier, C.; van Lierop, A.; Ferrari, S.; Chevalley, T.; Papapoulos, S.; Rizzoli, R. Association of Circulating Sclerostin with Bone Mineral Mass, Microstructure, and Turnover Biochemical Markers in Healthy Elderly Men and Women. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 2013, 98, 3873–3883, doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2113.
Drake, M.T.; Fenske, J.S.; Blocki, F.A.; Zierold, C.; Appelman-Dijkstra, N.; Papapoulos, S.; Khosla, S. Validation of a novel, rapid, high precision sclerostin assay not confounded by sclerostin fragments. Bone 2018, 111, 36–43, doi:10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.013.
Piec, I.; Washbourne, C.; Tang, J.; Fisher, E.; Greeves, J.; Jackson, S.; Fraser, W.D. How Accurate is Your Sclerostin Measurement? Comparison Between Three Commercially Available Sclerostin ELISA Kits. Calcif. Tissue Int. 2016, 98, 546–555, doi:10.1007/s00223-015-0105-3.
Van Lierop, A.H.; Hamdy, N.A.T.; van Bezooijen, R.L.; Löwik, C.W.; Papapoulos, S.E. The Role of Sclerostin in the Pathophysiology of Sclerosing Bone Dysplasias. Clin. Rev. Bone Miner. Metab. 2012, 10, 108–116, doi:10.1007/s12018-011-9123-5.
Robling, A.G.; Niziolek, P.J.; Baldridge, L.A.; Condon, K.W.; Allen, M.R.; Alam, I.; Mantila, S.M.; Gluhak-Heinrich, J.; Bellido, T.M.; Harris, S.E.; et al. Mechanical stimulation of bone in vivo reduces osteocyte expression of Sost/sclerostin. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283, 5866–5875, doi:10.1074/jbc.M705092200.
Koos, R.; Brandenburg, V.; Mahnken, A.H.; Schneider, R.; Dohmen, G.; Autschbach, R.; Marx, N.; Kramann, R. Sclerostin as a Potential Novel Biomarker for Aortic Valve. J. Heart Valve Dis. 2013, 22, 317–325.
Tyson, K.L.; Reynolds, J.L.; McNair, R.; Zhang, Q.P.; Weissberg, P.L.; Shanahan, C.M. Osteo/chondrocytic transcription factors and their target genes exhibit distinct patterns of expression in human arterial calcification. Arter. Throm. Vas. 2003, 23, 489–494, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000059406.92165.31.
Zhu, D.X.; Mackenzie, N.C.W.; Millan, J.L.; Farquharson, C.; MacRae, V.E. The Appearance and Modulation of Osteocyte Marker Expression during Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. PLoS ONE 2011, 6, e19595, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019595.
Qureshi, A.R.; Olauson, H.; Witasp, A.; Haarhaus, M.; Brandenburg, V.; Wernerson, A.; Lindholm, B.; Soderberg, M.; Wennberg, L.; Nordfors, L.; et al. Increased circulating sclerostin levels in end-stage renal disease predict biopsy-verified vascular medial calcification and coronary artery calcification. Kidney Int. 2015, 88, 1356–1364, doi:10.1038/ki.2015.194.
Delanaye, P.; Cavalier, E.; Bouquegneau, A.; Khwaja, A. Sclerostin levels in CKD patients: An important, but not definitive, step on the way to clinical use. Kidney Int. 2015, 88, 1221–1223, doi:10.1038/ki.2015.258.
Viaene, L.; Behets, G.J.; Claes, K.; Meijers, B.; Blocki, F.; Brandenburg, V.; Evenepoel, P.; D’Haese, P.C. Sclerostin: Another bone-related protein related to all-cause mortality in haemodialysis? Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. 2013, 28, 3024–3030, doi:10.1093/ndt/gft039.
De Mar, A.; Maudsley, S.; Azmi, A.; Hendrickx, J.O.; Opdebeeck, B.; Neven, E.; D’Haese, P.C.; Verhulst, A. Sclerostin as Regulatory Molecule in Vascular Media Calcification and the Bone-Vascular Axis. Toxins 2019, 11, 428, doi:10.3390/toxins11070428.
Drechsler, C.; Evenepoel, P.; Vervloet, M.G.; Wanner, C.; Ketteler, M.; Marx, N.; Floege, J.; Dekker, F.W.; Brandenburg, V.M.; Grp, N.S. High levels of circulating sclerostin are associated with better cardiovascular survival in incident dialysis patients: Results from the NECOSAD study. Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. 2015, 30, 288–293, doi:10.1093/ndt/gfu301.
Modder, U.I.; Hoey, K.A.; Amin, S.; McCready, L.K.; Achenbach, S.J.; Riggs, B.L.; Melton, L.J.; Khosla, S. Relation of Age, Gender, and Bone Mass to Circulating Sclerostin Levels in Women and Men. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2011, 26, 373–379, doi:10.1002/jbmr.217.
Behets, G.J.; Viaene, L.; Meijers, B.; Blocki, F.; Brandenburg, V.M.; Verhulst, A.; D’Haese, P.C.; Evenepoel, P. Circulating levels of sclerostin but not DKK1 associate with laboratory parameters of CKD-MBD. PLoS ONE 2017, 12, e0176411, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176411.
Cejka, D.; Marculescu, R.; Kozakowski, N.; Plischke, M.; Reiter, T.; Gessl, A.; Haas, M. Renal Elimination of Sclerostin Increases with Declining Kidney Function. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 2014, 99, 248–255, doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2786.
Amrein, K.; Amrein, S.; Drexler, C.; Dimai, H.P.; Dobnig, H.; Pfeifer, K.; Tomaschitz, A.; Pieber, T.R.; Fahrleitner-Pammer, A. Sclerostin and its association with physical activity, age, gender, body composition, and bone mineral content in healthy adults. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2012, 97, 148–154, doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2152.
Delanaye, P.; Krzesinski, J.M.; Warling, X.; Moonen, M.; Smelten, N.; Medart, L.; Bruyere, O.; Reginster, J.Y.; Pottel, H.; Cavalier, E. Clinical and biological determinants of sclerostin plasma concentration in hemodialysis patients. Nephron Clin. Pract. 2014, 128, 127–134, doi:10.1159/000366449.
Ukita, M.; Yamaguchi, T.; Ohata, N.; Tamura, M. Sclerostin Enhances Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells. J. Cell Biochem. 2016, 117, 1419–1428, doi:10.1002/jcb.25432.
Kim, S.P.; Frey, J.L.; Li, Z.; Kushwaha, P.; Zoch, M.L.; Tomlinson, R.E.; Da, H.; Aja, S.; Noh, H.L.; Kim, J.K.; et al. Sclerostin influences body composition by regulating catabolic and anabolic metabolism in adipocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2017, 114, E11238–E11247, doi:10.1073/pnas.1707876115.
Fairfield, H.; Falank, C.; Harris, E.; Demambro, V.; McDonald, M.; Pettitt, J.A.; Mohanty, S.T.; Croucher, P.; Kramer, I.; Kneissel, M.; et al. The skeletal cell-derived molecule sclerostin drives bone marrow adipogenesis. J. Cell Physiol. 2018, 233, 1156–1167, doi:10.1002/jcp.25976.
Tartaglione, L.; Pasquali, M.; Rotondi, S.; Muci, M.L.; Leonangeli, C.; Farcomeni, A.; Fassino, V.; Mazzaferro, S. Interactions of sclerostin with FGF23, soluble klotho and vitamin D in renal transplantation. PLoS ONE 2017, 12, e0178637, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178637.
Ryan, Z.C.; Ketha, H.; McNulty, M.S.; McGee-Lawrence, M.; Craig, T.A.; Grande, J.P.; Westendorf, J.J.; Singh, R.J.; Kumar, R. Sclerostin alters serum vitamin D metabolite and fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations and the urinary excretion of calcium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2013, 110, 6199–6204, doi:10.1073/pnas.1221255110.
Venuraju, S.M.; Yerramasu, A.; Corder, R.; Lahiri, A. Osteoprotegerin as a predictor of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2010, 55, 2049–2061, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.013.
Liu, Y.; Drozdov, I.; Shroff, R.; Beltran, L.E.; Shanahan, C.M. Prelamin A accelerates vascular calcification via activation of the DNA damage response and senescence-associated secretory phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ. Res. 2013, 112, e99–e109, doi:10.1161/circresaha.111.300543.
Van Lierop, A.H.; Witteveen, J.E.; Hamdy, N.A.; Papapoulos, S.E.E.J.E. Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have lower circulating sclerostin levels than euparathyroid controls. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2010, 163, 833–837, doi:10.1530/EJE-10-0699.
Drake, M.T.; Srinivasan, B.; Modder, U.I.; Peterson, J.M.; McCready, L.K.; Riggs, B.L.; Dwyer, D.; Stolina, M.; Kostenuik, P.; Khosla, S. Effects of parathyroid hormone treatment on circulating sclerostin levels in postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2010, 95, 5056–5062, doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0720.
Mirza, F.S.; Padhi, I.D.; Raisz, L.G.; Lorenzo, J.A. Serum sclerostin levels negatively correlate with parathyroid hormone levels and free estrogen index in postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2010, 95, 1991–1997, doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2283.
Yu, E.W.; Kumbhani, R.; Siwila-Sackman, E.; Leder, B.Z. Acute decline in serum sclerostin in response to PTH infusion in healthy men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2011, 96, E1848–E1851, doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1534.
Ardawi, M.S.; Al-Sibiany, A.M.; Bakhsh, T.M.; Rouzi, A.A.; Qari, M.H. Decreased serum sclerostin levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: A cross-sectional and a longitudinal study. Osteoporos. Int. 2012, 23, 1789–1797, doi:10.1007/s00198-011-1806-8.
