GBD 2015, Mortality and Causes of Death collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 388, 2016, 1459–1544.
Schappert, S.M., Rechtsteiner, E.A., Ambulatory medical care utilization estimates for 2006. Natl Health Stat Report 8 (2008), 1–29.
Marrie, T.J., Huang, J.Q., Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in Edmonton, Alberta: an emergency department-based study. Can Respir J 12 (2005), 139–142.
File, T.M., Marrie, T.J., Burden of community-acquired pneumonia in North American adults. Postgrad Med 122 (2010), 130–141.
Cillóniz, C., Liapikou, A., Martin-Loeches, I., et al. Twenty-year trend in mortality among hospitalized patients with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia. PLoS ONE, 13, 2018, e0200504.
Torres, A., Sibila, O., Ferrer, M., et al. Effect of corticosteroids on treatment failure among hospitalized patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and high inflammatory response: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 313 (2015), 677–686.
Soumagne, T., Rabbat, A., Corticostéroïdes dans les pneumopathies aiguës communautaires : où en sommes-nous en 2018 ?. Rev Mal Respir, 35, 2018, 10.1016/j.rmr.2018.01.009.
Wu, W.-F., Fang, Q., He, G.-J., Efficacy of corticosteroid treatment for severe community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med 36 (2018), 179–184.
Snijders, D., Daniels, J.M.A., de Graaff, C.S., et al. Efficacy of corticosteroids in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 181 (2010), 975–982.
Rodrigo, C., Leonardi-Bee, J., Nguyen-Van-Tam, J., et al. Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, 2016, CD010406.
Voiriot, G., Visseaux, B., Cohen, J., et al. Viral-bacterial coinfection affects the presentation and alters the prognosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care, 20, 2016, 375.
Fine, M.J., Auble, T.E., Yealy, D.M., et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 336 (1997), 243–250.
Lim, W.S., van der Eerden, M.M., Laing, R., et al. Defining community-acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax 58 (2003), 377–382.
Aujesky, D., McCausland, J.B., Whittle, J., et al. Reasons why emergency department providers do not rely on the pneumonia severity index to determine the initial site of treatment for patients with pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 49 (2009), e100–e108.
Singer, M., Deutschman, C.S., Seymour, C.W., et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315 (2016), 801–810.
Feldman, C., Anderson, R., Epidemiology, virulence factors and management of the pneumococcus. F1000Res, 5, 2016, 2320.
Daniel, P., Woodhead, M., Welham, S., et al. Mortality reduction in adult community-acquired pneumonia in the UK (2009–2014): results from the British Thoracic Society audit programme. Thorax 71 (2016), 1061–1063.
Sousa, D., Justo, I., Domínguez, A., et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised older patients: incidence, causative organisms and outcome. Clin Microbiol Infect 19 (2013), 187–192.
Annane, D., Renault, A., Brun-Buisson, C., et al. Hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone for adults with septic shock. N Engl J Med 378 (2018), 809–818.
Polito, A., Hamitouche, N., Ribot, M., et al. Pharmacokinetics of oral fludrocortisone in septic shock. Br J Clin Pharmacol 82 (2016), 1509–1516.
Marik, P.E., Khangoora, V., Rivera, R., et al. Hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine for the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective before-after study. Chest 151 (2017), 1229–1238.
Venkatesh, B., Finfer, S., Cohen, J., et al. Adjunctive glucocorticoid therapy in patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med 378 (2018), 797–808.