[en] The need to reduce the use of chemical pesticides currently fosters great interest in eco-friendly biological control agents. In addition, the isolation of plant allelopathic substances and the evaluation of their phytotoxic effects can lead to the discovery of new natural herbicides. In this context, our study aimed to assess the herbicidal activity of ten crude extracts obtained from aerial parts of Tunisian spontaneous plants against Trifolium incarnatum, Silybum marianum and Phalaris minor. It confirmed that the Cynara cardunculus methanolic extract best inhibited weed germination and seedling growth, and caused necrosis or chlorosis. Following a bioassay-guided fractionation, five main phenolic compounds, (1) syringic acid, (2) p-coumaric acid, (3) myricitrin, (4) quercetin and (5) naringenin were identified in the most active crude methanolic extract. Then, only 3 of the flavonoids contained in the most active fraction were tested on Trifolium incarnatum. The 3 compounds had a significant phytotoxic effect and therefore could be employed in a new composition of botanical herbicides to control crop weeds. Besides, a novel herbicide composition was designed to improve the post-emergence activity of the methanolic extract. The formulation containing the C. cardunculus crude methanolic extract showed the same herbicidal activity as the standard industrial bioherbicide containing pelargonic acid. These results make C. cardunculus a suitable source of natural compounds potentially usable as natural herbicides. [fr] La nécessité de réduire l'utilisation de pesticides chimiques suscite actuellement un grand intérêt pour les agents de lutte biologique respectueux de l'environnement. De plus, l'isolement de substances allélopathiques végétales et l'évaluation de leurs effets phytotoxiques peuvent conduire à la découverte de nouveaux herbicides naturels. Dans ce contexte, notre étude visait à évaluer l'activité herbicide de dix extraits bruts obtenus à partir de parties aériennes de plantes spontanées tunisiennes contre Trifolium incarnatum, Silybum marianum et Phalaris minor . Il a confirmé que l' extrait méthanolique de Cynara cardunculus inhibait le mieux la germination des mauvaises herbes et la croissance des plantules, et provoquait une nécrose ou une chlorose. Après un fractionnement guidé par un essai biologique, cinq principaux composés phénoliques, (1) l'acide syringique, (2) p-coumarique, (3) myricitrine, (4) quercétine et (5) naringénine ont été identifiés dans l'extrait méthanolique brut le plus actif. Ensuite, seuls 3 des flavonoïdes contenus dans la fraction la plus active ont été testés sur Trifolium incarnatum . Les 3 composés avaient un effet phytotoxique significatif et pouvaient donc être utilisés dans une nouvelle composition d'herbicides botaniques pour lutter contre les mauvaises herbes des cultures. En outre, une nouvelle composition herbicide a été conçue pour améliorer l'activité de post-émergence de l'extrait méthanolique. La formulation contenant l' extrait méthanolique brut de C. cardunculus a montré la même activité herbicide que le bioherbicide industriel standard contenant de l'acide pélargonique. Ces résultats font que C. cardunculus une source appropriée de composés naturels potentiellement utilisables comme herbicides naturels.
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