Transit photometry; Mini Neptunes; Super Earths; Exoplanets; Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] We report the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite detection of a multi-planet system orbiting the V = 10.9 K0 dwarf TOI-125. We find evidence for up to five planets, with varying confidence. Three transit signals with high signal-to-noise ratio correspond to sub-Neptune-sized planets (2.76, 2.79, and 2.94 R [SUB]⊕[/SUB]), and we statistically validate the planetary nature of the two inner planets (P [SUB] b [/SUB] = 4.65 days, P [SUB] c [/SUB] = 9.15 days). With only two transits observed, we report the outer object (P [SUB].03[/SUB] = 19.98 days) as a planet candidate with high signal-to-noise ratio. We also detect a candidate transiting super-Earth (1.4 R [SUB]⊕[/SUB]) with an orbital period of only 12.7 hr and a candidate Neptune-sized planet (4.2 R [SUB]⊕[/SUB]) with a period of 13.28 days, both at low signal-to-noise ratio. This system is amenable to mass determination via radial velocities and transit-timing variations, and provides an opportunity to study planets of similar size while controlling for age and environment. The ratio of orbital periods between TOI-125 b and c (P [SUB] c [/SUB]/P [SUB] b [/SUB] = 1.97) is slightly lower than an exact 2:1 commensurability and is atypical of multiple planet systems from Kepler, which show a preference for period ratios just wide of first-order period ratios. A dynamical analysis refines the allowed parameter space through stability arguments and suggests that despite the nearly commensurate periods, the system is unlikely to be in resonance.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Quinn, Samuel N.; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Becker, Juliette C.; Astronomy Department, University of Michigan, 1085 S University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Hadden, Sam; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Huang, Chelsea X.; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Morton, Timothy D.; Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
Adams, Fred C.; Astronomy Department, University of Michigan, 1085 S University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Armstrong, David; Deptartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK ; Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Eastman, Jason D.; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Horner, Jonathan; Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
Kane, Stephen R.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
Lissauer, Jack J.; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
Twicken, Joseph D.; SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
Vanderburg, Andrew; Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
Wittenmyer, Rob; Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
Ricker, George R.; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Vanderspek, Roland K.; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Latham, David W.; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Seager, Sara; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 125 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Winn, Joshua N.; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Jenkins, Jon M.; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
Agol, Eric; Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Barkaoui, Khalid; Oukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco ; UR Astrobiology, Université de Liège, 19C Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
Beichman, Charles A.; Caltech/IPAC—NASA Exoplanet Science Institute 1200 E. California Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Bouchy, François; Observatoire de l’Université de Genève, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
Bouma, L. G.; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Burdanov, Artem ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Exotic
Campbell, Jennifer; SGT, Inc./NASA AMES Research Center, Mailstop 269-3, Bldg T35C, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
Carlino, Roberto; Proto-Logic Consulting LLC, Washington, DC 20009, USA
Cartwright, Scott M.; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Charbonneau, David; Caltech/IPAC—NASA Exoplanet Science Institute 1200 E. California Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Christiansen, Jessie L.; Caltech/IPAC—NASA Exoplanet Science Institute 1200 E. California Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Ciardi, David; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Collins, Karen A.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
Collins, Kevin I.; American Association of Variable Star Observers, 49 Bay State Road, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Conti, Dennis M.; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Daylan, Tansu; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Dittmann, Jason; Noqsi Aerospace, Ltd., 15 Blanchard Avenue, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
Doty, John; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Dragomir, Diana; UR Astrobiology, Université de Liège, 19C Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
Ducrot, Elsa ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Exotic
Gillon, Michaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Exotic
Glidden, Ana; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Goeke, Robert F.; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
Gonzales, Erica J.; Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Rabiańska 8, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
Hełminiak, Krzysztof G.; Department of Physics, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent Street, New Haven, CT 06515, USA
Horch, Elliott P.; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
Howell, Steve B.; STAR Institute, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 17, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
Jehin, Emmanuel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Origines Cosmologiques et Astrophysiques (OrCa)
Jensen, Eric L. N.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
Kielkopf, John F.; DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark ; Brorfelde Observatory, Observator Gyldenkernes Vej 7, DK-4340 Tølløse, Denmark
Kristiansen, Martti H.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Law, Nicholas; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Mann, Andrew W.; Observatoire de l’Université de Genève, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
Marmier, Maxime; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
Matson, Rachel A.; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Matthews, Elisabeth; School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
Mazeh, Tsevi; Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyō, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
Mori, Mayuko; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Murgas, Felipe; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0H3, UK
Murray, Catriona; Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyō, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; JST, PRESTO, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan ; Astrobiology Center, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan ; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
Narita, Norio; Observatoire de l’Université de Genève, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
Nielsen, Louise D.; Observatoire de l’Université de Genève, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
Ottoni, Gaël; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Palle, Enric; Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Rabiańska 8, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
Pawłaszek, Rafał; Observatoire de l’Université de Genève, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
Pepe, Francesco; Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyō, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
Pitogo de Leon, Jerome; UR Astrobiology, Université de Liège, 19C Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège, Belgium ; STAR Institute, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 17, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
Relles, Howard M.; Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, Code 667, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Schlieder, Joshua E.; UR Astrobiology, Université de Liège, 19C Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
Sebastian, Daniel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Exotic
Ségransan, Damien; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Shporer, Avi; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA ; Department of Physics, Fisk University, 1000 17th Avenue North, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
Stassun, Keivan G.; Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyō, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan ; Astrobiology Center, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan ; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
Tamura, Motohide; Observatoire de l’Université de Genève, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
Udry, Stéphane; Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
Waite, Ian; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Winters, Jennifer G.; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada)
