[fr] La région de l’Est Cameroun concentre la grande part de ressources minières avérées et potentielles du pays (IRGM , 2008). Elle est actuellement le principal foyer de l’extraction minière notamment dans la localité de Bétaré-Oya (Tchindjang et al., 2015 ; Manzi, 2016). Cette activité s’est accentuée dès 2007 avec l’ « opération sauvegarde de l’or » lancée par me Ministère des mines en prévision à la mise en eau du barrage hydroélectrique de Lom-Pangar. Cependant, les mutations environnementales qu’elles induisent questionnent les perspectives de développement à long termes des localités et soulèvent de nombreux problèmes. Cette étude formule une démarche empirique. Elle analyse les mutations environnementales induites par les activités extractives à Bétaré-Oya afin d’évaluer les enjeux de justice environnementale. Il ressort que ces enjeux formulent localement la prise en compte, au-delà des compensations matérielles et financières, de l’identité collective des communautés impactées par l'extraction, les rapports d'attachement au territoire, leurs besoins/préoccupations, leur culture, leurs droits territoriaux et leur droit à une existence décente, digne et conforme à leurs valeurs et croyances. Cela nécessite la participation de ces communautés à la prise de décision sur leur territoire afin d’articuler convenablement la soutenabilité des transformations environnementales induites, la préservation des liens entre la nature, sujette à des transformations, et le patrimoine culturel, l’accompagnement des communautés dans leurs aspirations légitimes à la prospérité. [en] The region of East Cameroon concentrates the large share of proven and potential mineral resources of the country (IRGM, 2008). It is currently the main focus of mining in the locality of Bétaré-Oya (Tchindjang et al., 2015, Manzi, 2016). This activity was accentuated in 2007 with the "safeguarding gold operation" launched by the Ministry of Mines in anticipation of the impoundment of the Lom-Pangar hydroelectric dam. However, the environmental changes they induce question the long-term development prospects of localities and raise many problems. This study formulates an empirical approach. It analyzes the environmental changes induced by extractive activities in Bétaré-Oya in order to assess environmental justice issues. It emerges that these issues formulate locally the taking into account, beyond the material and financial compensations, of the collective identity of the communities impacted by the extraction, the relations of attachment to the territory, their needs / concerns, their culture, their territorial rights and their right to a decent existence, dignified and in accordance with their values and beliefs. This requires the participation of these communities in decision-making on their territory in order to adequately articulate the sustainability of the induced environmental transformations, the preservation of the links between nature, subject to transformations, and the cultural heritage, the accompaniment of the communities in their legitimate aspirations to prosperity.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Voundi, Eric; Université de Yaoundé 1 > Géographie
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