Birth weight; Dog breed; Neonatal mortality; Puppy; Risk factor; Threshold
Abstract :
[en] In numerous species, low birth weight is a risk factor for neonatal mortality. In the canine species, definition of a low birth weight is complex due to the huge interbreed variability in size. To identify puppies at higher risk of neonatal death, data from 6,694 puppies were analysed. The data were collected from 75 French breeding kennels, examining 27 breeds and totaling 1,202 litters of puppies. Generalised linear mixed models allowed to identify birth weight, birth weight heterogeneity within the litter, and size of the breeding kennel as significant risk factors for neonatal mortality. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses were combined to define breed specific thresholds for birth weight allowing the identification of puppies at higher risk of neonatal mortality. Due to differences in birth weights between breeds, including when belonging to the same breed size, analyses were conducted at the breed level. First, ROC analysis thresholds were successfully established for 12 breeds (area under the ROC >/= 0.70; sensitivity >/= 75%; specificity: 45-68%) and they ranged from 162 g in the Maltese to 480 g in the Bernese Mountain dog. Secondly, CART analysis thresholds from 22 breeds ranged from 105 g in the Maltese and 436 g in the Boxer. Puppies were grouped into three categories according to birth weight: low, moderate and high risk of neonatal mortality (higher than the ROC threshold, between ROC and CART thresholds, and lower than the CART threshold respectively). In the current study, 44% of the puppies were classified as at moderate risk and 5.3% for a high risk of neonatal mortality. Thresholds defined by CART analysis (and not ROC analysis) were used to define low birth weight puppies and were sometimes quite different between breeds with similar birth weight distributions suggesting a variable relationship between birth weight reduction and neonatal death. These results allow the identification of puppies at an increased risk of neonatal death, thus requiring specific nursing to improve their chances of survival. With these high risk puppies identified, both animal welfare and kennel productivity is predicted to improve.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Mugnier, Amelie
Mila, Hanna
Guiraud, Florine
Brevaux, Julie
Lecarpentier, Manon
Martinez, Clara
Mariani, Claire
Adib-Lesaux, Achraf
Chastant-Maillard, Sylvie
Saegerman, Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appl. aux sc. vétér.
Grellet, Aurelien
Language :
English
Title :
Birth weight as a risk factor for neonatal mortality: Breed-specific approach to identify at-risk puppies.
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Alexopoulos, J.G., Lines, D.S., Hallett, S., Plush, K.J., A review of success factors for piglet fostering in lactation. Animals, 8, 2018, 38, 10.3390/ani8030038.
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., Walker, S., Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67 (2015), 1–48, 10.18637/jss.v067.i01.
Boukary, A.R., Saegerman, C., Abatih, E., Fretin, D., Alambédji Bada, R., De Deken, R., Harouna, H.A., Yenikoye, A., Thys, E., Seroprevalence and potential risk factors for Brucella spp. Infection in traditional cattle, sheep and goats reared in urban, periurban and rural areas of Niger. PLoS One, 8, 2013, e83175, 10.1371/journal.pone.0083175.
Boyko, A.R., Quignon, P., Li, L., Schoenebeck, J.J., Degenhardt, J.D., Lohmueller, K.E., Zhao, K., Brisbin, A., Parker, H.G., vonHoldt, B.M., Cargill, M., Auton, A., Reynolds, A., Elkahloun, A.G., Castelhano, M., Mosher, D.S., Sutter, N.B., Johnson, G.S., Novembre, J., Hubisz, M.J., Siepel, A., Wayne, R.K., Bustamante, C.D., Ostrander, E.A., A simple genetic architecture underlies morphological variation in dogs. PLoS Biol., 8, 2010, e1000451, 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000451.
Čechová, M., Analysis of some factors influencing the birth weight of piglets. J. Anim. Sci. 3 (2006), 139–144.
Chan, P.K., Stolfo, S.J., Toward scalable learning with Non-uniform class and cost distributions: a case study in credit card fraud detection. Presented at the 4th International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, New York, United States, 2001, 164–168.
Chastant-Maillard, S., Aggouni, C., Albaret, A., Fournier, A., Mila, H., Canine and feline colostrum. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 52:2 (2017), 148–152, 10.1111/rda.12830.
Chastant-Maillard, S., Guillemot, C., Feugier, A., Mariani, C., Grellet, A., Mila, H., Reproductive performance and pre-weaning mortality: preliminary analysis of 27,221 purebred female dogs and 204,537 puppies in France. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 52 (2017), 158–162, 10.1111/rda.12845.
Chatdarong, K., Tummaruk, P., Sirivaidyapong, S., Raksil, S., Seasonal and breed effects on reproductive parameters in bitches in the tropics: a retrospective study. J. Small Anim. Pract. 48 (2007), 444–448, 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00342.x.
Devillers, N., Le Dividich, J., Prunier, A., Influence of colostrum intake on piglet survival and immunity. Animal 5 (2011), 1605–1612, 10.1017/S175173111100067X.
Fédération Cynologique Internationale, Nomenclature des races de la FCI. 2018 (Accessed 26 November 2018) http://www.fci.be/fr/Nomenclature/.
Fiszdon, K., Kowalczyk, I., Litter size, puppy weight at birth and growth rates in different breeds of dogs. Ann. Wars. Univ. Life Sci. 46 (2009), 161–171.
Fix, J.S., Relationship of Piglet Birth Weight With Growth, Efficiency, Composition, and Mortality. PhD thesis, 2010, North Carolina State University, United States, 162.
Gandini, G., Cizinauskas, S., Lang, J., Fatzer, R., Jaggy, A., Fibrocartilaginous embolism in 75 dogs: clinical findings and factors influencing the recovery rate. J. Small Anim. Pract. 44:2 (2003), 76–80.
Gill, M.A., Perinatal and Late Neonatal Mortality in the Dog. PhD thesis, 2001, University of Sydney, Australia, 190.
Greiner, M., Pfeiffer, D., Smith, R.D., Principles and practical application of the receiver-operating characteristic analysis for diagnostic tests. Prev. Vet. Med. 45 (2000), 23–41, 10.1016/S0167-5877(00)00115-X.
Grellet, A., Chastant-Maillard, S., Robin, C., Feugier, A., Boogaerts, C., Boucraut-Baralon, C., Grandjean, D., Polack, B., Risk factors of weaning diarrhea in puppies housed in breeding kennels. Prev. Vet. Med. 117 (2014), 260–265, 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.07.016.
Groppetti, D., Pecile, A., Palestrini, C., Marelli, S., Boracchi, P., A national census of birth weight in purebred dogs in Italy. Animals, 7, 2017, 43, 10.3390/ani7060043.
Groppetti, D., Ravasio, G., Bronzo, V., Pecile, A., The role of birth weight on litter size and mortality within 24h of life in purebred dogs: what aspects are involved?. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 163 (2015), 112–119, 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.10.005.
Hajian-Tilaki, K., Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for medical diagnostic test evaluation. Casp. J. Intern. Med. 4 (2013), 627–635.
Hawthorne, A.J., Booles, D., Nugent, P.A., Gettinby, G., Wilkinson, J., Body-weight changes during growth in puppies of different breeds. J. Nutr. 134 (2004), 2027S–2030S.
Helmink, S.K., Shanks, R.D., Leighton, E.A., Breed and sex differences in growth curves for two breeds of dog guides. J. Anim. Sci. 78 (2000), 27–32.
Indrebø, A., Trangerud, C., Moe, L., Canine neonatal mortality in four large dog breeds. Acta Vet. Scand. 49 (2007), S1–S2, 10.1186/1751-0147-49-S1-S2.
Lawler, D.F., Neonatal and pediatric care of the puppy and kitten. Theriogenology 70 (2008), 384–392, 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.04.019.
Lemon, S.C., Roy, J., Clark, M.A., Friedmann, P.D., Rakowski, W., Classification and regression tree analysis in public health: methodological review and comparison with logistic regression. Ann. Behav. Med. 26 (2003), 172–181, 10.1207/S15324796ABM2603_02.
McIntire, D.D., Bloom, S.L., Casey, B.M., Leveno, K.J., Birth Weight in Relation to Morbidity and Mortality among Newborn Infants. N. Engl. J. Med. 340 (1999), 1234–1238, 10.1056/NEJM199904223401603.
Mila, H., Neonatal Period in the Dog: Immunological and Nutritional Determinants for Survival. PhD thesis, 2015, Université de Toulouse, France, 168.
Mila, H., Grellet, A., Feugier, A., Chastant-Maillard, S., Differential impact of birth weight and early growth on neonatal mortality in puppies. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (2015), 4436–4442, 10.2527/jas.2015-8971.
Mila, H., Grellet, A., Delebarre, M., Mariani, C., Feugier, A., Chastant-Maillard, S., Monitoring of the newborn dog and prediction of neonatal mortality. Prev. Vet. Med. 143 (2017), 11–20, 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.05.005.
Milligan, B.N., Fraser, D., Kramer, D.L., Within-litter birth weight variation in the domestic pig and its relation to pre-weaning survival, weight gain, and variation in weaning weights. Livest. Prod. Sci. 76 (2002), 181–191.
Nielen, A.L., Janss, L.L., Knol, B.W., Heritability estimations of diseases, coat color, body weight and height in a birth cohort of Boxer dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 8 (2001), 1198–2006.
Ogbu, K.I., Ochai, S.O., Danladi, M.M.A., Abdullateef, M.H., Agwu, E.O., Gyengdeng, J.G., A review of Neonatal mortality in Dogs. Int. J Life Sci. 4 (2016), 451–460.
Posada, O., Gomez, O., Rosero, N., Aplicación del modelo logístico para describir la curva de crecimiento en perros de diferentes razas. Rev. MVZ Córdoba 19 (2014), 4015–4022.
Core Team, R., R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. 2016, R Foundation for Statistical Computing., Vienna, Austria.
Robin, X., Turck, N., Hainard, A., Tiberti, N., Lisacek, F., Sanchez, J.-C., Müller, M., pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves. BMC Bioinformatics, 12, 2011, 77, 10.1186/1471-2105-12-77.
Royal Canin, Size-based Nutrition. 2013 (Accessed 05 June 2019) http://www.royalcanin.com.au/puppy-dog/dogs/size-based-nutrition.
Saegerman, C., Porter, S.R., Humblet, M.F., The use of modelling to evaluate and adapt strategies for animal disease control. Rev. Sci. Technol. 30:2 (2011), 555–569, 10.1128/JCM.42.1.172-178.2004.
Société Centrale Canine, Les statistiques du LOF depuis 1969. 2018 (Accessed 26 November 2018) https://www.centrale-canine.fr/articles/les-statistiques-du-lof-depuis-1969.
Straw, B.E., Dewey, C.E., Bürgi, E.J., Patterns of crossfostering and piglet mortality on commercial U.S. and Canadian swine farms. Prev. Vet. Med. 33 (1998), 83–89, 10.1016/S0167-5877(97)00051-2.
Tønnessen, R., Borge, K.S., Nødtvedt, A., Indrebø, A., Canine perinatal mortality: a cohort study of 224 breeds. Theriogenology 77 (2012), 1788–1801, 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.12.023.
Trangerud, C., Grøndalen, J., Indrebø, A., Tverdal, A., Ropstad, E., Moe, L., A longitudinal study on growth and growth variables in dogs of four large breeds raised in domestic environments. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (2007), 76–83, 10.2527/jas.2006-354.
Weiss, G.M., Mining with rarity: a unifying framework. SIGKDD Explor. 6 (2004), 7–19, 10.1145/1007730.1007734.
Wu, G., Bazer, F.W., Wallace, J.M., Spencer, T.E., Intrauterine growth retardation: implications for the animal sciences. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (2006), 2316–2337, 10.2527/jas.2006-156.
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.
