New insights on the paleobiology, biostratigraphy and paleogeography of the pre-Sturtian microfossil index taxon Cerebrosphaera

Cornet, Yohan; François, Camille; Compère, Philippe; Callec, Yves; Roberty, Stéphane; Plumier, Jean-Christophe; Javaux, Emmanuelle

doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105410

Article (Scientific journals)

New insights on the paleobiology, biostratigraphy and paleogeography of the pre-Sturtian microfossil index taxon Cerebrosphaera

Cornet, Yohan; François, Camille; Compère, Philippe et al.

2019 • In Precambrian Research

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

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https://hdl.handle.net/2268/238833

DOI
10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105410

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Keywords :

Neoproterozoic; Cerebrosphaera; Wall ultrastructure; Microspectroscopy; Eukaryotes; Biostratigraphy

Abstract :

[en] Important biological and geological events occurred during the early Neoproterozoic. Among diversifying eukaryotic assemblages, populations of the distinctive robust organic-walled vesicular microfossils (acritarchs) Cerebrosphaera occur as a short-lived taxon in several late Tonian to early Cryogenian worldwide successions. Here we report the first occurrence of this taxon in the Bouenza Subgroup (Republic of the Congo), enlarging its paleogeographic distribution and biostratigraphic significance. We also attempt to determine its biological affinities, using a combined analytical approach on specimens from the Kanpa and Hussar Formations, Australia, and from the Svanbergfjellet Formation, Spitsbergen. Morphological and quantitative analyses were performed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, on more than 200 specimens and 9 specimens, respectively. The analyses show fine-scale morphological details and a morphological continuum between the former species Cerebrosphaera ananguae and Cerebrosphaera buickii, confirming their synonymy as proposed by a recently revised taxonomy. These observations also highlighted the presence of a previously mentioned envelope, formerly described and illustrated here for the first time. Ultrastructural analyses performed with TEM revealed two types of complex (bilayered and trilayered) wall ultrastructures. The molecular structure and thermal maturity of the organic walls estimated using Infrared and Raman microspectroscopies, reveal the highly aromatic composition of Cerebrosphaera’s wall biopolymer with short/highly branched aliphatic chains unlike known biopolymers. The complex morphology, ultrastructure and recalcitrant chemistry, combined with the large size of Cerebrosphaera confirm its eukaryotic nature. Comparison with possible modern analogues permits to suggest an affinity to stem metazoan eggs. This hypothesis is consistent with estimates from molecular clocks and, if confirmed, would provide an older evidence for stem metazoans than the Cryogenian biomarker and Ediacaran body fossil records. Our study reveals that Cerebrosphaera populations are important for the late Proterozoic biostratigraphy, but also participated to the Neoproterozoic diversification eukaryotes in connected oceans.

Research center :

Astrobiology - ULiège

Disciplines :

Earth sciences & physical geography

Author, co-author :

Cornet, Yohan ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Doct. sc. (géologie - Bologne)

François, Camille

Compère, Philippe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Morphologie fonctionnelle et évolutive

Callec, Yves

Roberty, Stéphane ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Ecophysiologie et physiologie animale

Plumier, Jean-Christophe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Ecophysiologie et physiologie animale

Javaux, Emmanuelle ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géologie > Early Life Traces & Evolution-Astrobiology

Language :

English

Title :

New insights on the paleobiology, biostratigraphy and paleogeography of the pre-Sturtian microfossil index taxon Cerebrosphaera

Publication date :

September 2019

Journal title :

Precambrian Research

ISSN :

0301-9268

Publisher :

Elsevier, Netherlands

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030192681830634X?via%3Dihub

European Projects :

FP7 - 308074 - ELITE - Early Life Traces, Evolution, and Implications for Astrobiology

Funders :

CER - Conseil Européen de la Recherche [BE]
BELSPO - SPP Politique scientifique - Service Public Fédéral de Programmation Politique scientifique
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE]
CE - Commission Européenne [BE]

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