[en] Echinoderms form a remarkable phylum of marine invertebrates that present specific chemical signatures unique in the animal kingdom. It is particularly the case for essential triterpenoids that evolved separately in each of the five echinoderm classes. Indeed, while most animals have ∆5-sterols, sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) and sea stars (Asteroidea) also possess ∆7 and ∆9(11)-sterols, a characteristic not shared with brittle stars (Ophiuroidea), sea urchins (Echinoidea), and crinoids (Crinoidea). These particular ∆7 and ∆9(11) sterols emerged as a self-protection against membranolytic saponins that only sea cucumbers and sea stars produce as a defense mechanism. The diversity of saponins is large; several hundred molecules have been described in the two classes of these saponins (i.e., triterpenoid or steroid saponins). This review aims to highlight the diversity of triterpenoids in echinoderms by focusing on sterols and triterpenoid glycosides, but more importantly to provide an updated view of the biosynthesis of these molecules in echinoderms.
Disciplines :
Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology
Author, co-author :
Claereboudt, Emily ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Agronomie, Bio-ingénierie et Chimie (AgroBioChem) > Chimie des agro-biosystèmes
Caulier, Guillaume; Université de Mons - UMONS > Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit
Decroo, Corentin; Université de Mons - UMONS > Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
Colson, Emmanuel; Université de Mons - UMONS > Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
Gerbaux; Université de Mons - UMONS > Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory,
Claereboudt, Michel; Sultan Quaboos University > Department of Marine Science and Fisheries
Schaller, Hubert; Universite de Strasbourg > Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS
Flammang, Patrick; Université de Mons - UMONS > Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit
Deleu, Magali ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Agronomie, Bio-ingénierie et Chimie (AgroBioChem) > Chimie des agro-biosystèmes
Eeckhaut, Igor; Université de Mons - UMONS > Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit
Language :
English
Title :
Triterpenoids in Echinoderms: Fundamental Differences in Diversity and Biosynthetic Pathways
Publication date :
13 June 2019
Journal title :
Marine Drugs
ISSN :
1660-3397
Publisher :
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), Switzerland
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