Le Bohec Y (1995) Histoire militaire des guerres puniques (Rocher, Monaco).
Hoyos BD, ed (2011) A Companion to the Punic Wars (Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK).
Frank T, ed (1933) An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome (Johns Hopkins Univ Press, Baltimore).
Kay P (2014) Rome’s Economic Revolution (Oxford Univ Press, Oxford).
McConnell JR, et al. (2018) Lead pollution recorded in Greenland ice indicates European emissions tracked plagues, wars, and imperial expansion during antiquity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:5726–5731.
Domergue C (2008) Les mines antiques: La production des métaux aux époques grecque et romaine (Picard, Paris).
Wilson AI, Friedman H (2010) Oxford Roman Economy Project Mining Database. Available at oxrep.classics.ox.ac.uk/databases/mines_database/. Accessed April 11, 2019.
Skaggs S, Norman N, Garrison E, Coleman D, Bouhlel S (2012) Local mining or lead importation in the Roman province of Africa proconsularis? Lead isotope analysis of curse tablets from Roman Carthage, Tunisia. J Archaeol Sci 39:970–983.
Tylecote RF (1992) A History of Metallurgy (Institute of Materials, London).
Delile H, et al. (2016) A lead isotope perspective on urban development in ancient Naples. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:6148–6153.
Delile H, et al. (2017) Rome’s urban history inferred from Pb-contaminated waters trapped in its ancient harbor basins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114:10059–10064.
Longman J, Veres D, Finsinger W, Ersek V (2018) Exceptionally high levels of lead pollution in the Balkans from the early Bronze Age to the industrial revolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:E5661–E5668.
Bondi SF (1995) Le commerce, les échanges, l’économie. La Civilisation Phénicienne et Punique: Manuel de Recherche, Handbuch der Orientalistik, ed Krings V (E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands), pp 268–281.
Fournel H (1849) Richesse minérale de l’Algérie (Imprimerie Nationale, Paris).
Tissot CJ (1884) Géographie comparée de la province romaine d’Afrique, ed Reinach S (Imprimerie Nationale, Paris).
Berthon L (1922) L’industrie minérale en Tunisie (Direction générale des travaux publics, Tunis, Tunisia).
Gottis C, Sainfeld P (1952) Les gîtes métallifères tunisiens. Monographies régionales (La Rapide, Tunis, Tunisia), p 104.
Clarke GW (1989) The Letters of St. Cyprian of Carthage (Newman Press, New York), Vol 4, Letters 67–82.
Uglietti C, Gabrielli P, Cooke CA, Vallelonga P, Thompson LG (2015) Widespread pollution of the South American atmosphere predates the industrial revolution by 240 y. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:2349–2354.
Renberg I, Brännvall ML, Bindler R, Emteryd O (2002) Stable lead isotopes and lake sediments–A useful combination for the study of atmospheric lead pollution history. Sci Total Environ 292:45–54.
Véron AJ, et al. (2013) A 6000-year geochemical record of human activities from Alexandria (Egypt). Quat Sci Rev 81:138–147.
Delile H, et al. (2015) The geoarchaeology of Utica (Tunisia): The palaeo-geography of the Mejerda delta and hypotheses concerning the location of the ancient harbour. Geoarchaeology 4:291–306.
Pleuger E, et al. Exploration of the maritime façade of Utica: The potential location of the Phoenician and Roman harbours. Quat Int, 10.1016/j.quaint.2019.04.007.
McLennan SM (2001) Relationships between the trace element composition of sedimentary rocks and upper continental crust. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 2:24.
Cheng H, Hu Y (2010) Lead (Pb) isotopic fingerprinting and its applications in lead pollution studies in China: A review. Environ Pollut 158:1134–1146.
Bird G (2011) Provenancing anthropogenic Pb within the fluvial environment: Developments and challenges in the use of Pb isotopes. Environ Int 37:802–819.
Albarède F, Desaulty A-M, Blichert-Toft J (2012) A geological perspective on the use of Pb isotopes in archaeometry. Archaeometry 54:853–867.
Blichert-Toft J, et al. (2016) Large-scale tectonic cycles in Europe revealed by distinct Pb isotope provinces. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 17:3854–3864.
Burollet PF, Dumon E (1952) Carte Géologique de la Tunisie, 7: Porto-Farina (Direction des Travaux Publics de la Tunisie, Service Géologique, Tunis, Tunisia).
Bird G, et al. (2010) Quantifying sediment-associated metal dispersal using Pb isotopes: Application of binary and multivariate mixing models at the catchment-scale. Environ Pollut 158:2158–2169.
Shafiei B (2010) Lead isotope signatures of the igneous rocks and porphyry copper deposits from the Kerman Cenozoic magmatic arc (SE Iran), and their magmatic-metallogenetic implications. Ore Geol Rev 38:27–36.
Cameron KL, et al. (1992) Contrasting styles of Pre-Cenozoic and Mid-Tertiary crustal evolution in northern Mexico: Evidence from deep crustal xenoliths from La Olivina. J Geophys Res 97:17353–17376.
Sainfeld P (1956) The lead-zinc-bearing deposits of Tunisia. Econ Geol 51:150–177.
Djellouli A, Ilavsky J, Nicolini P (1968) Carte des gîtes minéraux de la Tunisie (Service Géologique, Tunis, Tunisia).
Bouhlel S (2007) Les ressources en plomb, zinc, fer, argent, cuivre, or, barytine, fluorine et célestite de la Tunisie: Un bilan de 117 ans de recherches, d’explorations et d’exploitations. XVIIèmes Journées Nationales de la SSNT Hammamet. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292320195_Les_ressources_en_plomb_zinc_ fer_argent_cuivre_or_barytine_fluorine_et_celestite_de_la_Tunisie_un_bilan_de_117_ans_ de_recherches_d’explorations_et_d’exploitations. Accessed June, 13, 2018.
Domergue C (1990) Les mines de la péninsule Ibérique dans l’antiquité romaine (École française de Rome, Rome).
Decret F (1992) Carthage ou l’empire de la mer (Seuil, Paris).
Domergue C (1987) Catalogue des mines et des fonderies antiques de la péninsule Ibérique (Casa de Velázquez, Madrid).
Jenkins GK, Lewis RWB (1963) Carthaginian Gold and Electrum Coins (Royal Numismatic Society, London).
Visonà P (1998) Carthaginian coinage in perspective. Am J Numismatics 10:1–27.
Mildenberg L (1989) Punic coinage on the eve of the first war against Rome: A reconsideration. Punic Wars, Studia Phoenicia, eds Devijner H, Lipinsky E (Peeters Publishers, Leuven, Belgium), Vol 10, pp 5–14.
Harl KW (1996) Coinage in the Roman Economy, 300 B.C. to A.D. 700 (The John Hopkins Univ Press, Baltimore).
Paton WR, ed (1922) Polybius: The Histories, Books 1–2, Loeb Classical Library (William Heinemann, London), Vol 1, pp 170–171, Book 1:62.7–63.3.
White H, ed (1913) Appian, Roman History, Books 1–8.1, Loeb Classical Library (Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA), Vol 1, pp 485–515.
Lancel S ed. (1979) Byrsa (École française de Rome, Rome).
Reimer P, et al. (2013) IntCal13 and marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon 55:1869–1887.
Blaauw M (2010) Methods and code for ‘classical’ age-modelling of radiocarbon sequences. Quat Geochronol 5:512–518.
Anzidei M, et al. (2011) New insights on the relative sea level change during Holocene along the coasts of Tunisia and western Libya from archaeological and geomorphological markers. Quat Int 232:5–12.