Abstract :
[en] Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) are responsible for recurrent orolabial and genital herpes, as well as chickenpox and shingles, respectively. Severe cutaneous HSV or VZV infections can occur when the systemic host immune reponse is impaired genetically, by immunosuppressive therapy, cancer or human immunodeficiency virus infection. Furthermore, the cutaneous host immune defense can be altered as in atopic dermatitis, or by topical immunosuppressive thérapies, including topical corticosteroids and immune response modifiers. Skin diseases as pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, cutaneous t-cell lymphomas and Sézary syndrome, Darier's and Grover's disease also predispose to severe cutaneous HSV or VZV infections. Epidermal injury after cosmetic procedures, dental extractions or neurosurgical interventions of the trigeminal ganglion also increase the risk for extended cutaneous viral infection. This article reviews the different local risk factors for severe HSV and VZV skin infection. This article reviews the different local risk factors for severe HSV and VZV skin infections, provides insight in the pathomechanisms and presents treatment recommendations.
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