Direct Inclusion of Proximity-Effect Losses in Two-Dimensional Time-Domain Finite-Element Simulation of Electrical Machines

This paper deals with eddy-current effects in the distributed winding of electrical machines, and in particular with the proximity effect and the associated losses. A previously proposed homogenization method for windings in two-dimensional (2D) time-domain finite-element (FE) models is shown to be applicable without additional computational cost, producing a precise estimate of the instantaneous proximity-effect losses. The method is illustrated by considering the conductors in a single stator slot of a 3kW induction motor. The brute-force model, with fine discretisation of each conductor, and the homogenized model yield macroscopic results that are very close to each other.