Printable QR code paper microfluidic colorimetric assay for screening volatile biomarkers

Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry; Mobile Health; Paper Microfluidics; Sepsis; Volatile Organic Compounds; Biomarkers; Codes (symbols); Color; Colorimetry; Drug products; Escherichia coli; Mass spectrometry; Microfluidics; Mobile telecommunication systems; Paper; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Bloodstream infections; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Headspace solid phase microextraction; Microfluidic platforms; Real-time diagnostics; Time of flight mass spectrometry; Two dimensional gas chromatography; Gas chromatography

Abstract :

[en] We present a QR code paper microfluidic colorimetric assay that can exploit the hardware and software on mobile devices, and circumvent sample preparation by directly targeting volatile biomarkers. Our platform is a printable microarray of well-defined reaction regions, which outputs an instant diagnosis by directing the user to a URL containing their test result, while simultaneously storing epidemiological data for remote access and bioinformatics. To assist in the rapid identification of Escherichia coli in bloodstream infections, we employed an existing colorimetric reagent (p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde) and adapted its use to detect volatile indole, a biomarker produced by E. coli. Our assay was able to quantitatively detect indole in the headspace of E. coli culture after 12 h of growth (27.0 ± 3.1 ppm), assisting in species-level identification hours earlier than existing methods. Results were confirmed with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS), which estimated indole concentration in E. coli culture to average 32.3 ± 5.2 ppm after 12 h of growth. This QR paper microfluidic platform represents a novel development in both telemedicine and diagnostics using volatile biomarkers. We envision that our QR code platform can be extended to other colorimetric assays for real-time diagnostics in low-resource environments. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Disciplines :

Life sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others

Author, co-author :

Burklund, A.; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States

Saturley-Hall, H. K.; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States

Franchina, Flavio ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Chimie analytique, organique et biologique

Hill, J. E.; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States

Zhang, J. X. J.; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States

Language :

English

Title :

Printable QR code paper microfluidic colorimetric assay for screening volatile biomarkers

Publication date :

2019

Journal title :

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

ISSN :

0956-5663

eISSN :

1873-4235

Publisher :

Elsevier Ltd

Volume :

128

Pages :

97-103

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 07 March 2019

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