[en] Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the causative agent of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which results in immense economic losses in the swine industry. Outbreaks of disease caused by NADC30-like PRRSV are of great concern in China. Here, a novel variant, NADC30-like PRRSV strain HB17A, was analyzed and its pathogenicity in pigs was examined. The full-length genome sequence of HB17A shared 83.6–95.1% nucleotide similarity with NADC30-like and NADC30 PRRSV without any gene insertions, but with a unique 2-amino acid deletion in Nsp2. A phylogenetic analysis showed that HB17A clustered with NADC30 strains. Different degrees of variation in the signal peptide, transmembrane region (TM), primary neutralizing epitope (PNE), non-neutral epitopes, and N-glycosylation sites were observed in GP5. Challenge experiments showed that HB17A infection resulted in persistent fever, moderate respiratory clinical signs, low levels of viremia and viral loads in serum, and mild gross and microscopic lung lesions. Moreover, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokine levels were significantly elevated in serum, but the levels of IFN-α and IL-2 were similar to those of the negative controls. HB17A was less pathogenic but was secreted longer in nasal discharge than HP-PRRSV FZ06A. Our findings indicate that HB17A is a novel NADC30-like strain with certain deletions and mutations but with no evidence of genomic recombination. This strain exhibits intermediate virulence in pigs. This research will be help define the evolutionary characteristics of Chinese NADC30-like PRRSV.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Xiukun, Sui
Xiaoyu, Guo
Hong, Jia
Xixi, Wang
Weidong, Lin
Ming, Li
Xintao, Gao
Jing, Wu
Yitong, Jiang
Willems, Luc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Agronomie, Bio-ingénierie et Chimie (AgroBioChem) > Microbial, food and biobased technologies
Neumann, E.J., Kliebenstein, J.B., Johnson, C.D., Mabry, J.W., Bush, E.J., Assessment of the economic impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome on swine production in the United States (2005) J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 227, pp. 385-392
Benfield, D.A., Nelson, E., Collins, J.E., Harris, L., Goyal, S.M., Characterization of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332) (1992) J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 4, pp. 127-133
Wensvoort, G., Terpstra, C., Pol, J.M., ter Laak, E.A., Bloemraad, M., Mystery swine disease in The Netherlands: the isolation of Lelystad virus (1991) Vet. Q., 13, pp. 121-130
Cavanagh, D., Nidovirales: a new order comprising Coronaviridae and Arteriviridae (1997) Arch. Virol., 142, pp. 629-633
Done, S.H., Paton, D.J., White, M.E., Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): a review, with emphasis on pathological, virological and diagnostic aspects (1996) Br. Vet. J., 152, pp. 153-174
Tian, K., Yu, X., Zhao, T., Feng, Y., Cao, Z., Emergence of fatal PRRSV variants: unparalleled outbreaks of atypical PRRS in China and molecular dissection of the unique hallmark (2007) PLoS One, 2, p. e526
Terpstra, C., Wensvoort, G., Pol, J.M., Experimental reproduction of porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (mystery swine disease) by infection with Lelystad virus: koch's postulates fulfilled (1991) Vet. Q., 13, pp. 131-136
Forsberg, R., Storgaard, T., Nielsen, H.S., Oleksiewicz, M.B., Cordioli, P., The genetic diversity of European type PRRSV is similar to that of the North American type but is geographically skewed within Europe (2002) Virology, 299, pp. 38-47
Kapur, V., Elam, M.R., Pawlovich, T.M., Murtaugh, M.P., Genetic variation in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in the midwestern United States (1996) J. Gen. Virol., 77, pp. 1271-1276
Li, Y., Zhou, L., Zhang, J., Ge, X., Zhou, R., Nsp9 and Nsp10 contribute to the fatal virulence of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus emerging in China (2014) PLoS Pathog., 10, p. e1004216
Firth, A.E., Zevenhoven-Dobbe, J.C., Wills, N.M., Go, Y.Y., Balasuriya, U.B., Discovery of a small arterivirus gene that overlaps the GP5 coding sequence and is important for virus production (2011) J. Gen. Virol., 92, pp. 1097-1106
Johnson, C.R., Griggs, T.F., Gnanandarajah, J., Murtaugh, M.P., Novel structural protein in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus encoded by an alternative ORF5 present in all arteriviruses (2011) J. Gen. Virol., 92, pp. 1107-1116
Meulenberg, J.J., PRRSV, the virus (2000) Vet. Res., 31, pp. 11-21
Conzelmann, K.K., Visser, N., Van Woensel, P., Thiel, H.J., Molecular characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, a member of the arterivirus group (1993) Virology, 193, pp. 329-339
Huang, C., Zhang, Q., Feng, W.H., Regulation and evasion of antiviral immune responses by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (2015) Virus Res., 202, pp. 101-111
Fan, B., Wang, H., Bai, J., Zhang, L., Jiang, P., A novel isolate with deletion in GP3 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from mid-eastern China (2014) BioMed Res. Int., 2014, p. 306130
Zhao, K., Ye, C., Chang, X.B., Jiang, C.G., Wang, S.J., Importation and recombination Are responsible for the latest emergence of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China (2015) J. Virol., 89, pp. 10712-10716
Zhou, L., Wang, Z., Ding, Y., Ge, X., Guo, X., NADC30-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, China (2015) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 21, pp. 2256-2257
Li, X., Wu, J., Tan, F., Li, Y., Ji, G., Genome characterization of two NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in China (2016) SpringerPlus, 5, p. 1677
Gu, Z., Hou, C., Sun, H., Yang, W., Dong, J., Emergence of highly virulent pseudorabies virus in southern China (2015) Can. J. Vet. Res., 79, pp. 221-228
Gao, Z., Dong, Q., Jiang, Y., Opriessnig, T., Wang, J., Identification and characterization of two novel transcription units of porcine circovirus 2 (2013) Virus Gene., 47, pp. 268-275
Ma, H., Kien, F., Maniere, M., Zhang, Y., Lagarde, N., Human annexin A6 interacts with influenza a virus protein M2 and negatively modulates infection (2012) J. Virol., 86, pp. 1789-1801
Martin, D., Rybicki, E., RDP: detection of recombination amongst aligned sequences (2000) Bioinformatics, 16, pp. 562-563
Lole, K.S., Bollinger, R.C., Paranjape, R.S., Gadkari, D., Kulkarni, S.S., Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination (1999) J. Virol., 73, pp. 152-160
Guo, B., Lager, K.M., Henningson, J.N., Miller, L.C., Schlink, S.N., Experimental infection of United States swine with a Chinese highly pathogenic strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (2013) Virology, 435, pp. 372-384
Halbur, P.G., Paul, P.S., Frey, M.L., Landgraf, J., Eernisse, K., Comparison of the pathogenicity of two US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates with that of the Lelystad virus (1995) Vet. Pathol., 32, pp. 648-660
Weesendorp, E., Rebel, J.M., Popma-De Graaf, D.J., Fijten, H.P., Lung pathogenicity of European genotype 3 strain porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) differs from that of subtype 1 strains (2014) Vet. Microbiol., 174, pp. 127-128
Brockmeier, S.L., Loving, C.L., Vorwald, A.C., Kehrli, M.E., Jr., Baker, R.B., Genomic sequence and virulence comparison of four Type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains (2012) Virus Res., 169, pp. 212-221
Han, J., Wang, Y., Faaberg, K.S., Complete genome analysis of RFLP 184 isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (2006) Virus Res., 122, pp. 175-182
Lunney, J.K., Benfield, D.A., Rowland, R.R., Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: an update on an emerging and re-emerging viral disease of swine (2010) Virus Res., 154, pp. 1-6
Zhou, Y.J., Yu, H., Tian, Z.J., Li, G.X., Hao, X.F., Genetic diversity of the ORF5 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in China from 2006 to 2008 (2009) Virus Res., 144, pp. 136-144
Zhou, L., Zhang, J., Zeng, J., Yin, S., Li, Y., The 30-amino-acid deletion in the NSP2 of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus emerging in China is not related to its virulence (2009) J. Virol., 83, pp. 5156-5167
Li, C., Zhuang, J., Wang, J., Han, L., Sun, Z., Outbreak investigation of NADC30-like PRRSV in south-East China (2016) Transbound Emerg Dis, 63, pp. 474-479
Key, K.F., Haqshenas, G., Guenette, D.K., Swenson, S.L., Toth, T.E., Genetic variation and phylogenetic analyses of the ORF5 gene of acute porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates (2001) Vet. Microbiol., 83, pp. 249-263
Wang, L., Hou, J., Zhang, H., Feng, W.H., Complete genome sequence of a novel highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variant (2012) J. Virol., 86, p. 13121
Nelsen, C.J., Murtaugh, M.P., Faaberg, K.S., Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus comparison: divergent evolution on two continents (1999) J. Virol., 73, pp. 270-280
Sun, Z., Chen, Z., Lawson, S.R., Fang, Y., The cysteine protease domain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 2 possesses deubiquitinating and interferon antagonism functions (2010) J. Virol., 84, pp. 7832-7846
Komander, D., Mechanism, specificity and structure of the deubiquitinases (2010) Subcell. Biochem., 54, pp. 69-87
Yan, Y., Guo, X., Ge, X., Chen, Y., Cha, Z., Monoclonal antibody and porcine antisera recognized B-cell epitopes of NSP2 protein of a Chinese strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (2007) Virus Res., 126, pp. 207-215
Oleksiewicz, M.B., Bøtner, A., Toft, P., Normann, P., Storgaard, T., Epitope mapping porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by phage display: the NSP2 fragment of the replicase polyprotein contains a cluster of B-cell epitopes (2001) J. Virol., 75, pp. 3277-3290
Li, B., Xiao, S., Wang, Y., Xu, S., Jiang, Y., Immunogenicity of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 protein encoded by a synthetic ORF5 gene (2009) Vaccine, 27, pp. 1957-1963
Ostrowski, M., Galeota, J.A., Jar, A.M., Platt, K.B., Osorio, F.A., Identification of neutralizing and nonneutralizing epitopes in the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 ectodomain (2002) J. Virol., 76, pp. 4241-4250
Ansari, I.H., Kwon, B., Osorio, F.A., Pattnaik, A.K., Influence of N-linked glycosylation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 on virus infectivity, antigenicity, and ability to induce neutralizing antibodies (2006) J. Virol., 80, pp. 3994-4004
Guo, B., Lager, K.M., Henningson, J.N., Miller, L.C., Schlink, S.N., Experimental infection of United States swine with a Chinese highly pathogenic strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (2013) Virology, 435, pp. 372-384
Gomez-Laguna, J., Salguero, F.J., Pallares, F.J., Carrasco, L., Immunopathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in the respiratory tract of pigs (2013) Vet. J., 195, pp. 148-155
Van Reeth, K., Nauwynck, H., Proinflammatory cytokines and viral respiratory disease in pigs (2000) Vet. Res., 31, pp. 187-213
Labarque, G., Van Gucht, S., Nauwynck, H., Van Reeth, K., Pensaert, M., Apoptosis in the lungs of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and associations with the production of apoptogenic cytokines (2003) Vet. Res., 34, pp. 249-260
Mateu, E., Diaz, I., The challenge of PRRS immunology (2008) Vet. J., 177, pp. 345-351