CO2 flux over young and snow-covered Arctic pack ice in winter and spring

[en] Rare CO2 flux measurements from Arctic pack ice show that two types of ice contribute to the release of CO2 from the ice to the atmosphere during winter and spring: young, thin ice with a thin layer of snow and older (several weeks), thicker ice with thick snow cover. Young, thin sea ice is characterized by high salinity and high porosity, and snow-covered thick ice remains relatively warm (>-7.5 °C) due to the insulating snow cover despite air temperatures as low as -40 °C. Therefore, brine volume fractions of these two ice types are high enough to provide favorable conditions for gas exchange between sea ice and the atmosphere even in mid-winter. Although the potential CO2 flux from sea ice decreased due to the presence of the snow, the snow surface is still a CO2 source to the atmosphere for low snow density and thin snow conditions. We found that young sea ice that is formed in leads without snow cover produces CO2 fluxes an order of magnitude higher than those in snow-covered older ice (+1.0±0.6 mmolCm-2 day-1 for young ice and +0.2±0.2 mmolCm-2 day-1 for older ice). © Author(s) 2018.

Research center :

FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège

Disciplines :

Earth sciences & physical geography

Author, co-author :

Nomura, D.; Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 19, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan, Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Global Station for Arctic Research, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Kita 8, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Granskog, M. A.; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway

Fransson, A.; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway

Chierici, M.; Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway, FRAM-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway

Silyakova, A.; CAGE, Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Tromsø, Norway

Ohshima, K. I.; Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 19, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Cohen, L.; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway

Delille, Bruno ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO)

Hudson, S. R.; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway

Dieckmann, G. S.; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany

Language :

English

Title :

CO2 flux over young and snow-covered Arctic pack ice in winter and spring

Publication date :

2018

Journal title :

Biogeosciences

ISSN :

1726-4170

eISSN :

1726-4189

Publisher :

Copernicus GmbH

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

3331-3343

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Name of the research project :

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15K16135, 24-4175); Research Council of Norway (KLIMAFORSK programme, grant 240639); N-ICE project; Grant for Joint Research Program of the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University; Flagship research program “Ocean acidification and ecosystem effects in Northern waters”

Funders :

JSPS - Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [JA]
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE]
RCN - Research Council of Norway [NO]
Norwegian Polar Institute [NO]
Ministry of Climate and Environment of Norway
Hokkaido University [JP]
FRAM-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE]

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