stars: formation; stars: massive; stars: luminosity function; mass function; Magellanic Clouds; galaxies: star clusters: individual: 30 Doradus
Abstract :
[en] The 30 Doradus (30 Dor) nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is the brightest HII region in the Local Group and a prototype starburst similar to those found in high redshift galaxies. It is thus a stepping stone to understand the complex formation processes of stars in starburst regions across the Universe. Here, we have studied the formation history of massive stars in 30 Dor using masses and ages derived for 452 mainly OB stars from the spectroscopic VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey (VFTS). We find that stars of all ages and masses are scattered throughout 30 Dor. This is remarkable because it implies that massive stars either moved large distances or formed independently over the whole field of view in relative isolation. We find that both channels contribute to the 30 Dor massive star population. Massive star formation rapidly accelerated about 8 Myr ago, first forming stars in the field before giving birth to the stellar populations in NGC 2060 and NGC 2070. The R136 star cluster in NGC 2070 formed last and, since then, about 1 Myr ago, star formation seems to be diminished with some continuing in the surroundings of R136. Massive stars within a projected distance of 8 pc of R136 are not coeval but show an age range of up to 6 Myr. Our mass distributions are well populated up to 200 M[SUB]⊙[/SUB]. The inferred IMF is shallower than a Salpeter-like IMF and appears to be the same across 30 Dor. By comparing our sample of stars to stellar models in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, we find evidence for missing physics in the models above log L/L[SUB]⊙[/SUB] = 6 that is likely connected to enhanced wind mass loss for stars approaching the Eddington limit. Our work highlights the key information about the formation, evolution and final fates of massive stars encapsulated in the stellar content of 30 Dor, and sets a new benchmark for theories of massive star formation in giant molecular clouds. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under programme ID 182.D-0222.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Schneider, F. R. N.; Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
Ramírez-Agudelo, O. H.; UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
Tramper, F.; European Space Astronomy Centre, Mission Operations Division, PO Box 78, 28691, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Bestenlehner, J. M.; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
Castro, N.; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA
Sana, H.; Institute of Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
Evans, C. J.; UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
Sabín-Sanjulián, C.; Departamento de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Juan Cisternas 1200, Norte, La Serena, Chile
Simón-Díaz, S.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Langer, N.; Argelander-Institut für Astronomie der Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121, Bonn, Germany
Fossati, L.; Austrian Academy of Sciences, Space Research Institute, Schmiedlstraße 6, 8042, Graz, Austria
Gräfener, G.; Argelander-Institut für Astronomie der Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121, Bonn, Germany
Crowther, P. A.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
de Mink, S. E.; Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, Amsterdam University, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
de Koter, A.; Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, Amsterdam University, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Institute of Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
Gieles, M.; Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
Herrero, A.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Izzard, R. G.; Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK ; Institute of Astronomy, The Observatories, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
Kalari, V.; Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Casilla 36-D, Chile
Klessen, R. S.; Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Albert-Ueberle-Str. 2, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
Lennon, D. J.; European Space Astronomy Centre, Mission Operations Division, PO Box 78, 28691, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Mahy, Laurent ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Astroph. extragalactique et observations spatiales (AEOS)
Maíz Apellániz, J.; Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA, ESAC campus, camino bajo del castillo s/n, 28 692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
Markova, N.; Institute of Astronomy with National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 136, 4700, Smoljan, Bulgaria
van Loon, J. Th; Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
Vink, J. S.; Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, UK
Walborn, N. R.; Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700, San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA)
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