Short-circuit forces in power lines and substations.

This chapter discusses short-circuit oscillations in power lines. Short-circuit currents generate electromagnetic forces on the conductors, exciting short-circuit oscillations. Since the short-circuit periods are very short, the short-circuit forces in single conductor overhead lines are usually low because of the large phase spacing. However these forces may have considerable impact on distribution lines due to the change in phase spacing during short-circuit occurrences. For bundle conductor lines, the short-circuit forces between subconductors are significantly higher due to the small distance between them. Methods for estimating the compressive forces on bundle conductor spacers or spacer dampers are discussed.