Comets; Asteroids; Main Belt Comets; Spacecraft missions
Abstract :
[en] We describe Castalia, a proposed mission to rendezvous with a Main Belt Comet (MBC), 133P/Elst-Pizarro. MBCs are a recently discovered population of apparently icy bodies within the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, which may represent the remnants of the population which supplied the early Earth with water. Castalia will perform the first exploration of this population by characterising 133P in detail, solving the puzzle of the MBC's activity, and making the first in situ measurements of water in the asteroid belt. In many ways a successor to ESA's highly successful Rosetta mission, Castalia will allow direct comparison between very different classes of comet, including measuring critical isotope ratios, plasma and dust properties. It will also feature the first radar system to visit a minor body, mapping the ice in the interior. Castalia was proposed, in slightly different versions, to the ESA M4 and M5 calls within the Cosmic Vision programme. We describe the science motivation for the mission, the measurements required to achieve the scientific goals, and the proposed instrument payload and spacecraft to achieve these.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Snodgrass, C.; Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
Jones, G. H.; Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
Boehnhardt, H.; Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Gibbings, A.; OHB System AG, Universitätsallee 27-29, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
Homeister, M.; OHB System AG, Universitätsallee 27-29, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
Andre, N.; Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, 9 avenue du colonel Roche, BP 44346 31028 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
Beck, P.; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
Bentley, M. S.; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042 Graz, Austria
Bertini, I.; Department of Physics and Astronomy 'Galileo Galilei', University of Padova, Vic. Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy
Bowles, N.; Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
Capria, M. T.; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali-INAF, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
Carr, C.; The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Ceriotti, M.; School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
Coates, A. J.; Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
Della Corte, V.; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali-INAF, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy ; Dip. Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, CDN, IC4, 80143 Napoli, Italy
Donaldson Hanna, K. L.; Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
Fitzsimmons, A.; Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
Gutiérrez, P. J.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
Hainaut, O. R.; European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching-bei-München, Germany
Herique, A.; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
Hilchenbach, M.; Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Hsieh, H. H.; Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell Rd., Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 86719, USA ; Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, P.O. Box 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
Jehin, Emmanuel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Origines Cosmologiques et Astrophysiques (OrCa)
Karatekin, O.; Royal Observatory of Belgium, Av. Circulaire 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
Kofman, W.; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France ; Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences, F-00-716 Warsaw, Poland
Lara, L. M.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
Laudan, K.; OHB System AG, Universitätsallee 27-29, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
Licandro, J.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), C Vía Láctea s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Spain
Lowry, S. C.; Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK
Marzari, F.; Department of Physics, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
Masters, A.; The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Meech, K. J.; Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
Moreno, F.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
Morse, A.; Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
Orosei, R.; Istituto di Radioastronomia, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
Plettemeier, D.; Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 10, 01069 Dresden, Germany
Prialnik, D.; Department of Geosciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
Rotundi, A.; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali-INAF, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy ; Dip. Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, CDN, IC4, 80143 Napoli, Italy
Rubin, M.; Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Sánchez, J. P.; Space Research Group, Centre of Autonomous and Cyber-Physical Systems, Cranfield University, MK43 0AL, UK
Sheridan, S.; Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
Trieloff, M.; Klaus-Tschira-Labor für Kosmochemie, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Winterboer, A.; OHB System AG, Universitätsallee 27-29, D-28359 Bremen, Germany)
Altwegg, K., Balsiger, H., Bar-Nun, A., Berthelier, J.J., Bieler, A., Bochsler, P., Briois, C., Calmonte, U., Combi, M., De Keyser, J., Eberhardt, P., Fiethe, B., Fuselier, S., Gasc, S., Gombosi, T.I., Hansen, K.C., Hässig, M., Jäckel, A., Kopp, E., Korth, A., LeRoy, L., Mall, U., Marty, B., Mousis, O., Neefs, E., Owen, T., Rème, H., Rubin, M., Sémon, T., Tzou, C.Y., Waite, H., Wurz, P., 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, a Jupiter family comet with a high D/H ratio. Science, 347, 2015, A387, 10.1126/science.1261952.
Anders, E., Owen, T., Mars and earth – origin and abundance of volatiles. Science 198 (1977), 453–465, 10.1126/science.198.4316.453.
Arnold, J.A., Glotch, T.D., Lucey, P.G., Song, E., Thomas, I.R., Bowles, N.E., Greenhagen, B.T., Constraints on olivine-rich rock types on the Moon as observed by Diviner and M 3 : implications for the formation of the lunar crust. J. Geophys. Res. (Planets) 121 (2016), 1342–1361, 10.1002/2015JE004874.
Balsiger, H., Altwegg, K., Bochsler, P., Eberhardt, P., Fischer, J., Graf, S., Jäckel, A., Kopp, E., Langer, U., Mildner, M., Müller, J., Riesen, T., Rubin, M., Scherer, S., Wurz, P., Wüthrich, S., Arijs, E., Delanoye, S., de Keyser, J., Neefs, E., Nevejans, D., Rème, H., Aoustin, C., Mazelle, C., Médale, J.L., Sauvaud, J.A., Berthelier, J.J., Bertaux, J.L., Duvet, L., Illiano, J.M., Fuselier, S.A., Ghielmetti, A.G., Magoncelli, T., Shelley, E.G., Korth, A., Heerlein, K., Lauche, H., Livi, S., Loose, A., Mall, U., Wilken, B., Gliem, F., Fiethe, B., Gombosi, T.I., Block, B., Carignan, G.R., Fisk, L.A., Waite, J.H., Young, D.T., Wollnik, H., Rosina – rosetta orbiter spectrometer for ion and neutral analysis. Space Sci. Rev. 128 (2007), 745–801, 10.1007/s11214-006-8335-3.
Balsiger, H., Altwegg, K., Geiss, J., D/H and O-18/O-16 ratio in the hydronium ion and in neutral water from in situ ion measurements in comet Halley. JGR 100 (1995), 5827–5834, 10.1029/94JA02936.
Bieler, A., Altwegg, K., Balsiger, H., Bar-Nun, A., Berthelier, J.J., Bochsler, P., Briois, C., Calmonte, U., Combi, M., de Keyser, J., van Dishoeck, E.F., Fiethe, B., Fuselier, S.A., Gasc, S., Gombosi, T.I., Hansen, K.C., Hässig, M., Jäckel, A., Kopp, E., Korth, A., Le Roy, L., Mall, U., Maggiolo, R., Marty, B., Mousis, O., Owen, T., Rème, H., Rubin, M., Sémon, T., Tzou, C.Y., Waite, J.H., Walsh, C., Wurz, P., Abundant molecular oxygen in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Nature 526 (2015), 678–681, 10.1038/nature15707.
Biver, N., Moreno, R., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Sandqvist, A., Colom, P., Crovisier, J., Lis, D.C., Boissier, J., Debout, V., Paubert, G., Milam, S., Hjalmarson, A., Lundin, S., Karlsson, T., Battelino, M., Frisk, U., Murtagh, D., Odin Team, Isotopic ratios of H, C, N, O, and S in comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy). Astron. Astroph., 589, 2016, A78, 10.1051/0004-6361/201528041 Available from: < arXiv:1603.05006>.
Bockelée-Morvan, D., Crovisier, J., Mumma, M.J., Weaver, H.A., 2004. The composition of cometary volatiles. In: Festou, M.C., Keller, H.U., Weaver, H.A. (Eds.), Comets II. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 391–423.
Boehnhardt, H., Sekanina, Z., Fiedler, A., Rauer, H., Schulz, R., Tozzi, G., Impact-induced activity of the Asteroid-Comet P/1996N2 Elst-Pizarro: Yes or No?. Highl. stron. 11 (1998), 233–236.
Byrd, R.H., Gilbert, J.C., Nocedal, J., A trust region method based on interior point techniques for nonlinear programming. Math. Programm. 89 (2000), 149–185, 10.1007/PL00011391.
Calmonte, U., Altwegg, K., Balsiger, H., Berthelier, J.J., Bieler, A., Cessateur, G., Dhooghe, F., van Dishoeck, E.F., Fiethe, B., Fuselier, S.A., Gasc, S., Gombosi, T.I., Hässig, M., Le Roy, L., Rubin, M., Sémon, T., Tzou, C.Y., Wampfler, S.F., Sulphur-bearing species in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 462 (2016), S253–S273, 10.1093/mnras/stw2601.
Capria, M.T., Marchi, S., de Sanctis, M.C., Coradini, A., Ammannito, E., The activity of main belt comets. Astron. Astroph., 537, 2012, A71, 10.1051/0004-6361/201117556 Available from: < arXiv:1111.5699>.
Carr, C., Brown, P., Zhang, T.L., Gloag, J., Horbury, T., Lucek, E., Magnes, W., O'Brien, H., Oddy, T., Auster, U., Austin, P., Aydogar, O., Balogh, A., Baumjohann, W., Beek, T., Eichelberger, H., Fornacon, K.H., Georgescu, E., Glassmeier, K.H., Ludlam, M., Nakamura, R., Richter, I., The Double Star magnetic field investigation: instrument design, performance and highlights of the first year's observations. Ann. Geophys. 23 (2005), 2713–2732, 10.5194/angeo-23-2713-2005.
Carter, L.M., Campbell, B.A., Holt, J.W., Phillips, R.J., Putzig, N.E., Mattei, S., Seu, R., Okubo, C.H., Egan, A.F., Dielectric properties of lava flows west of ascraeus mons, mars. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, 2009, L23204, 10.1029/2009GL041234. l23204.
Ceriotti, M., 2010. Global Optimisation of Multiple Gravity Assist Trajectories. Thesis. < http://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/26349/>. < http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2003/>.
Christensen, P.R., Jakosky, B.M., Kieffer, H.H., Malin, M.C., McSween, H.Y. Jr., Nealson, K., Mehall, G.L., Silverman, S.H., Ferry, S., Caplinger, M., Ravine, M., The thermal emission imaging system (THEMIS) for the Mars 2001 Odyssey Mission. Space Sci. Rev. 110 (2004), 85–130, 10.1023/B:SPAC.0000021008.16305.94.
Colangeli, L., Lopez-Moreno, J.J., Palumbo, P., Rodriguez, J., Cosi, M., Della Corte, V., Esposito, F., Fulle, M., Herranz, M., Jeronimo, J.M., Lopez-Jimenez, A., Epifani, E.M., Morales, R., Moreno, F., Palomba, E., Rotundi, A., The grain impact analyser and dust accumulator (GIADA) experiment for the Rosetta mission: design, performances and first results. Space Sci. Rev. 128 (2007), 803–821, 10.1007/s11214-006-9038-5.
Croci, R., Seu, R., Flamini, E., Russo, E., The shallow radar (sharad) onboard the nasa mro mission. Proc. IEEE 99 (2011), 794–807, 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2104130.
De Pascale, P., Vasile, M., Preliminary design of low-thrust multiple gravity-assist trajectories. J. Spacecraft Rockets 43 (2006), 1065–1076, 10.2514/1.19646.
Della Corte, V., Ivanovski, S., Lucarelli, F., Rotundi, A., Zakharov, V., Fulle, M., Rodionov, A.V., Crifo, J.F., Altobelli, N., Mazzotta Epifani, E., Simulated measurements of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko dust coma at 3 AU by the Rosetta GIADA instrument using the GIPSI tool. Astron. Comput. 5 (2014), 57–69, 10.1016/j.ascom.2014.04.004.
Della Corte, V., Rotundi, A., Accolla, M., Sordini, R., Palumbo, P., Colangeli, L., Lopez-Moreno, J.J., Rodriguez, J., Rietmeijer, F.J.M., Ferrari, M., Lucarelli, F., Mazzotta Epifani, E., Ivanovski, S., Aronica, A., Cosi, M., Bussoletti, E., Crifo, J.F., Esposito, F., Fulle, M., Green, S.F., Gruen, E., Herranz, M.L., Jeronimo, J.M., Lamy, P., Lopez Jimenez, A., McDonnell, J.A.M., Mennella, V., Molina, A., Morales, R., Moreno, F., Palomba, E., Perrin, J.M., Rodrigo, R., Weissman, P., Zakharov, V., Zarnecki, J.C., GIADA: its status after the Rosetta cruise phase and on-ground activity in support of the encounter with Comet 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO. J. Astron. Instrum., 3, 2014, 10.1142/S2251171713500116 pp. 1350011–110.
Della Corte, V., Rotundi, A., Fulle, M., Gruen, E., Weissman, P., Sordini, R., Ferrari, M., Ivanovski, S., Lucarelli, F., Accolla, M., Zakharov, V., Mazzotta Epifani, E., Lopez-Moreno, J.J., Rodriguez, J., Colangeli, L., Palumbo, P., Bussoletti, E., Crifo, J.F., Esposito, F., Green, S.F., Lamy, P.L., McDonnell, J.A.M., Mennella, V., Molina, A., Morales, R., Moreno, F., Ortiz, J.L., Palomba, E., Perrin, J.M., Rietmeijer, F.J.M., Rodrigo, R., Zarnecki, J.C., Cosi, M., Giovane, F., Gustafson, B., Herranz, M.L., Jeronimo, J.M., Leese, M.R., Lopez-Jimenez, A.C., Altobelli, N., GIADA: shining a light on the monitoring of the comet dust production from the nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. A&A, 583, 2015, A13, 10.1051/0004-6361/201526208.
Della Corte, V., Rotundi, A., Fulle, M., Ivanovski, S., Green, S.F., Rietmeijer, F.J.M., Colangeli, L., Palumbo, P., Sordini, R., Ferrari, M., Accolla, M., Zakharov, V., Mazzotta Epifani, E., Weissman, P., Gruen, E., Lopez-Moreno, J.J., Rodriguez, J., Bussoletti, E., Crifo, J.F., Esposito, F., Lamy, P.L., McDonnell, J.A.M., Mennella, V., Molina, A., Morales, R., Moreno, F., Palomba, E., Perrin, J.M., Rodrigo, R., Zarnecki, J.C., Cosi, M., Giovane, F., Gustafson, B., Ortiz, J.L., Jeronimo, J.M., Leese, M.R., Herranz, M., Liuzzi, V., Lopez-Jimenez, A.C., 67P/C-G inner coma dust properties from 2.2 au inbound to 2.0 au outbound to the Sun. MNRAS 462 (2016), S210–S219, 10.1093/mnras/stw2529.
Della Corte, V., Sordini, R., Accolla, M., Ferrari, M., Ivanovski, S., Rotundi, A., Rietmeijer, F., Fulle, M., Mazzotta-Epifani, E., Palumbo, P., Colangeli, L., Lopez-Moreno, J., Rodriguez, J., Morales, R., Cosi, M., Giada – grain impact analyzer and dust accumulator – onboard rosetta spacecraft: extended calibrations. Acta Astronaut. 126 (2016), 205–214, 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.03.036 < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576515301764> (Space Flight Safety).
DeMeo, F.E., Carry, B., Solar system evolution from compositional mapping of the asteroid belt. Nature 505 (2014), 629–634, 10.1038/nature12908 Available from: < arXiv:1408.2787>.
Donaldson Hanna, K.L., Cheek, L.C., Pieters, C.M., Mustard, J.F., Greenhagen, B.T., Thomas, I.R., Bowles, N.E., Global assessment of pure crystalline plagioclase across the Moon and implications for the evolution of the primary crust. J. Geophys. Res. (Planets) 119 (2014), 1516–1545, 10.1002/2013JE004476.
Donaldson Hanna, K.L., Schrader, D.L., Bowles, N.E., Clark, B.E., Cloutis, E.A., Connolly, H.C., Hamilton, V.E., Keller, L.P., Lauretta, D.S., Lim, L.F., McCoy, T.J., 2017. Spectral characterization of analog samples in anticipation of OSIRIS-REx's arrival at Bennu. Presentation at Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract 1723.
Dougherty, M.K., Kellock, S., Southwood, D.J., Balogh, A., Smith, E.J., Tsurutani, B.T., Gerlach, B., Glassmeier, K.H., Gleim, F., Russell, C.T., Erdos, G., Neubauer, F.M., Cowley, S.W.H., The cassini magnetic field investigation. Space Sci. Rev. 114 (2004), 331–383, 10.1007/s11214-004-1432-2.
Eberhardt, P., Reber, M., Krankowsky, D., Hodges, R.R., The D/H and 18 O/ 16 O ratios in water from comet P/Halley. Astron. Astroph. 302 (1995), 301–316.
Epstein, R.I., Lattimer, J.M., Schramm, D.N., The origin of deuterium. Nature 263 (1976), 198–202, 10.1038/263198a0.
ESA, 2015a. Cosmic Vision Technology Development Plan, December 2015.
ESA, 2015b. Mars Robotic Exploration Preparation – 2 Programme Technology Plan, December 2015.
Ferrari, M., Corte, V.D., Rotundi, A., Rietmeijer, F.J., Single minerals, carbon- and ice-coated single minerals for calibration of Giada onboard rosetta to comet 67p/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Planet. Space Sci. 101 (2014), 53–64, 10.1016/j.pss.2014.06.006 .
Fray, N., Bardyn, A., Cottin, H., Altwegg, K., Baklouti, D., Briois, C., Colangeli, L., Engrand, C., Fischer, H., Glasmachers, A., Grün, E., Haerendel, G., Henkel, H., Höfner, H., Hornung, K., Jessberger, E.K., Koch, A., Krüger, H., Langevin, Y., Lehto, H., Lehto, K., Le Roy, L., Merouane, S., Modica, P., Orthous-Daunay, F.R., Paquette, J., Raulin, F., Rynö J., Schulz, R., Silén, J., Siljeström, S., Steiger, W., Stenzel, O., Stephan, T., Thirkell, L., Thomas, R., Torkar, K., Varmuza, K., Wanczek, K.P., Zaprudin, B., Kissel, J., Hilchenbach, M., High-molecular-weight organic matter in the particles of comet 67p/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Nature 538 (2016), 72–74, 10.1038/nature19320.
Fulle, M., Della Corte, V., Rotundi, A., Rietmeijer, F.J.M., Green, S.F., Weissman, P., Accolla, M., Colangeli, L., Ferrari, M., Ivanovski, S., Lopez-Moreno, J.J., Epifani, E.M., Morales, R., Ortiz, J.L., Palomba, E., Palumbo, P., Rodriguez, J., Sordini, R., Zakharov, V., Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko preserved the pebbles that formed planetesimals. MNRAS 462 (2016), S132–S137, 10.1093/mnras/stw2299.
Fulle, M., Della Corte, V., Rotundi, A., Weissman, P., Juhasz, A., Szego, K., Sordini, R., Ferrari, M., Ivanovski, S., Lucarelli, F., Accolla, M., Merouane, S., Zakharov, V., Mazzotta Epifani, E., López-Moreno, J.J., Rodríguez, J., Colangeli, L., Palumbo, P., Grün, E., Hilchenbach, M., Bussoletti, E., Esposito, F., Green, S.F., Lamy, P.L., McDonnell, J.A.M., Mennella, V., Molina, A., Morales, R., Moreno, F., Ortiz, J.L., Palomba, E., Rodrigo, R., Zarnecki, J.C., Cosi, M., Giovane, F., Gustafson, B., Herranz, M.L., Jerónimo, J.M., Leese, M.R., López-Jiménez, A.C., Altobelli, N., Density and charge of pristine fluffy particles from Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. ApJL, 802, 2015, L12, 10.1088/2041-8205/802/1/L12.
Fulle, M., Marzari, F., Della Corte, V., Fornasier, S., Sierks, H., Rotundi, A., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo, R., Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Keller, H.U., López-Moreno, J.J., Accolla, M., Agarwal, J., A'Hearn, M.F., Altobelli, N., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Bussoletti, E., Colangeli, L., Cosi, M., Cremonese, G., Crifo, J.F., Da Deppo, V., Davidsson, B., Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Esposito, F., Ferrari, M., Giovane, F., Gustafson, B., Green, S.F., Groussin, O., Grün, E., Gutierrez, P., Güttler, C., Herranz, M.L., Hviid, S.F., Ip, W., Ivanovski, S.L., Jerónimo, J.M., Jorda, L., Knollenberg, J., Kramm, R., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, L., Lazzarin, M., Leese, M.R., López-Jiménez, A.C., Lucarelli, F., Mazzotta Epifani, E., McDonnell, J.A.M., Mennella, V., Molina, A., Morales, R., Moreno, F., Mottola, S., Naletto, G., Oklay, N., Ortiz, J.L., Palomba, E., Palumbo, P., Perrin, J.M., Rietmeijer, F.J.M., Rodríguez, J., Sordini, R., Thomas, N., Tubiana, C., Vincent, J.B., Weissman, P., Wenzel, K.P., Zakharov, V., Zarnecki, J.C., 2016b. Evolution of the Dust Size Distribution of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from 2.2 au to Perihelion. ApJ 821, A19. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/821/1/19.
Gibbings, A., 2014. Laser Ablation for the Deflection, Exploration and Exploitation of Near Earth Asteroids (Ph.D. Thesis). University of Glasgow.
Gomes, R., Levison, H.F., Tsiganis, K., Morbidelli, A., Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets. Nature 435 (2005), 466–469, 10.1038/nature03676.
Haghighipour, N., Dynamics, origin, and activation of Main Belt Comets. Fernandez, J., et al. (eds.) Icy Bodies of the Solar System, Proc. IAU Symp. 263, 2009, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 207–214.
Hartogh, P., Lis, D.C., Bockelée-Morvan, D., de Val-Borro, M., Biver, N., Küppers, M., Emprechtinger, M., Bergin, E.A., Crovisier, J., Rengel, M., Moreno, R., Szutowicz, S., Blake, G.A., Ocean-like water in the Jupiter-family comet 103P/Hartley 2. Nature 478 (2011), 218–220, 10.1038/nature10519.
Herique, A., Agnus, B., Asphaug, E., Barucci, A., Beck, P., Bellerose, J., Biele, J., Bonal, L., Bousquet, P., Bruzzone, L., Buck, C., et al. Direct observations of asteroid interior and regolith structure: science measurement requirements. Adv. Space Res. 62 (2018), 2141–2162.
Herique, A., Kofman, W., Beck, P., Bonal, L., Buttarazzi, I., Heggy, E., Lasue, J., Levasseur-Regourd, A., Quirico, E., Zine, S., Cosmochemical implications of CONSERT permittivity characterization of 67P/CG. MNRAS 462:Suppl. 1 (2016), S516–S532, 10.1093/mnras/stx040.
Hilchenbach, M., Kissel, J., Langevin, Y., Briois, C., von Hoerner, H., Koch, A., Schulz, R., Silén, J., Altwegg, K., Colangeli, L., Cottin, H., Engrand, C., Fischer, H., Glasmachers, A., Grün, E., Haerendel, G., Henkel, H., Höfner, H., Hornung, K., Jessberger, E.K., Lehto, H., Lehto, K., Raulin, F., Le Roy, L., Rynö J., Steiger, W., Stephan, T., Thirkell, L., Thomas, R., Torkar, K., Varmuza, K., Wanczek, K.P., Altobelli, N., Baklouti, D., Bardyn, A., Fray, N., Krüger, H., Ligier, N., Lin, Z., Martin, P., Merouane, S., Orthous-Daunay, F.R., Paquette, J., Revillet, C., Siljeström, S., Stenzel, O., Zaprudin, B., Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: close-up on dust particle fragments. ApJL, 816, 2016, L32, 10.3847/2041-8205/816/2/L32.
Ho, T.M., Baturkin, V., Grimm, C., Grundmann, J.T., Hobbie, C., Ksenik, E., Lange, C., Sasaki, K., Schlotterer, M., Talapina, M., Termtanasombat, N., Wejmo, E., Witte, L., Wrasmann, M., Wübbels, G., Rößler, J., Ziach, C., Findlay, R., Biele, J., Krause, C., Ulamec, S., Lange, M., Mierheim, O., Lichtenheldt, R., Maier, M., Reill, J., Sedlmayr, H.J., Bousquet, P., Bellion, A., Bompis, O., Cenac-Morthe, C., Deleuze, M., Fredon, S., Jurado, E., Canalias, E., Jaumann, R., Bibring, J.P., Glassmeier, K.H., Hercik, D., Grott, M., Celotti, L., Cordero, F., Hendrikse, J., Okada, T., MASCOT – the mobile asteroid surface scout onboard the Hayabusa2 mission. Space Sci. Rev. 208 (2017), 339–374, 10.1007/s11214-016-0251-6.
Homeister, M., Braukhane, A., Boehnhardt, H., 2014. Castalia – a main belt comet mission. Presentation at 65th International Astronautical Congress, Toronto, Canada, abstract A3, P23880.
Horner, J., Mousis, O., Hersant, F., Constraints on the formation regions of Comets from their D:H ratios. Earth Moon Planets 100 (2007), 43–56, 10.1007/s11038-006-9096-4.
Hornung, K., Merouane, S., Hilchenbach, M., Langevin, Y., Mellado, E.M., Della Corte, V., Kissel, J., Engrand, C., Schulz, R., Ryno, J., Silen, J., COSIMA Team, A first assessment of the strength of cometary particles collected in-situ by the COSIMA instrument onboard ROSETTA. Planet. Space Sci. 133 (2016), 63–75, 10.1016/j.pss.2016.07.003.
Hsieh, H.H., The Hawaii trails project: comet-hunting in the main asteroid belt. Astron. Astroph. 505 (2009), 1297–1310, 10.1051/0004-6361/200912342 Available from: < arXiv:0907.5505>.
Hsieh, H.H., 2013. Comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro. Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams 3564.
Hsieh, H.H., Denneau, L., Wainscoat, R.J., Schörghofer, N., Bolin, B., Fitzsimmons, A., Jedicke, R., Kleyna, J., Micheli, M., Vereš P., Kaiser, N., Chambers, K.C., Burgett, W.S., Flewelling, H., Hodapp, K.W., Magnier, E.A., Morgan, J.S., Price, P.A., Tonry, J.L., Waters, C., The main-belt comets: the Pan-STARRS1 perspective. Icarus 248 (2015), 289–312, 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.031 Available from: < arXiv:1410.5084>.
Hsieh, H.H., Haghighipour, N., Potential Jupiter-Family comet contamination of the main asteroid belt. Icarus 277 (2016), 19–38, 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.04.043 Available from: < arXiv:1604.08557>.
Hsieh, H.H., Jewitt, D., Fernández, Y.R., Albedos of Main-Belt Comets 133P/Elst-Pizarro and 176P/LINEAR. ApJL 694 (2009), L111–L114, 10.1088/0004-637X/694/2/L111 Available from: < arXiv:0902.3682>.
Hsieh, H.H., Jewitt, D., Lacerda, P., Lowry, S.C., Snodgrass, C., The return of activity in main-belt comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 403 (2010), 363–377, 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16120.x Available from: < arXiv:0911.5522>.
Hsieh, H.H., Jewitt, D.C., A population of comets in the main asteroid belt. Science 312 (2006), 561–563.
Hsieh, H.H., Jewitt, D.C., Fernández, Y.R., The strange case of 133P/Elst-Pizarro: a Comet among the asteroids. Astron. J. 127 (2004), 2997–3017, 10.1086/383208.
Jewitt, D., The active asteroids. Astron. J., 143, 2012, A66, 10.1088/0004-6256/143/3/66 Available from: < arXiv:1112.5220>.
Jewitt, D., Hsieh, H., Agarwal, J., 2015. The Active Asteroids. pp. 221–241. https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch012.
Jones, G., Agarwal, J., Bowles, N., Burchell, M., Coates, A.J., Fitzsimmons, A., Graps, A., Hsieh, H.H., Lisse, C.M., Lowry, S.C., Masters, A.C.S., Tubiana, C., The proposed Caroline ESA M3 mission to a Main Belt Comet. Adv. Space Res. 62 (2018), 1921–1946.
Jones, G.H., Altwegg, K., Bertini, I., Bieler, A., Boehnhardt, H., Bowles, N., Braukhane, A., Capria, M.T., Coates, A.J., Ciarletti, V., Davidsson, B., Engrand, C., Fitzsimmons, A., Gibbings, A., Hainaut, O., Hallmann, M., Herique, A., Hilchenbach, M., Homeister, M., Hsieh, H., Jehin, E., Kofman, W., Lara, L.M., Licandro, J., Lowry, S.C., Moreno, F., Muinonen, K., Paetzold, M., Penttilä A., Plettmeier, D., Prialnik, D., Marboeuf, U., Marzari, F., Meech, K., Rotundi, A., Smith, A., Snodgrass, C., Thomas, I., Trieloff, M., 2015. Castalia – A Mission to a Main Belt Comet, Presentation at Spacecraft Reconnaissance of Asteroid and Comet Interiors, LPI contributions 1829, abstract 6019.
Keller, H.U., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P., Rickman, H., Rodrigo, R., Wenzel, K.P., Sierks, H., A'Hearn, M.F., Angrilli, F., Angulo, M., Bailey, M.E., Barthol, P., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bianchini, G., Boit, J.L., Brown, V., Burns, J.A., Büttner, I., Castro, J.M., Cremonese, G., Curdt, W., da Deppo, V., Debei, S., de Cecco, M., Dohlen, K., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Germerott, D., Gliem, F., Guizzo, G.P., Hviid, S.F., Ip, W.H., Jorda, L., Koschny, D., Kramm, J.R., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, L.M., Llebaria, A., López, A., López-Jimenez, A., López-Moreno, J., Meller, R., Michalik, H., Michelena, M.D., Müller, R., Naletto, G., Origné A., Parzianello, G., Pertile, M., Quintana, C., Ragazzoni, R., Ramous, P., Reiche, K.U., Reina, M., Rodríguez, J., Rousset, G., Sabau, L., Sanz, A., Sivan, J.P., Stöckner, K., Tabero, J., Telljohann, U., Thomas, N., Timon, V., Tomasch, G., Wittrock, T., Zaccariotto, M., OSIRIS the scientific camera system onboard rosetta. Space Sci. Rev. 128 (2007), 433–506, 10.1007/s11214-006-9128-4.
Kelley, M.S.P., Woodward, C.E., Bodewits, D., Farnham, T.L., Gudipati, M.S., Harker, D.E., Hines, D.C., Knight, M.M., Kolokolova, L., Li, A., de Pater, I., Protopapa, S., Russell, R.W., Sitko, M.L., Wooden, D.H., Cometary science with the James Webb space telescope. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific, 128, 2016, 018009, 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018009 Available from: < arXiv:1510.05878>.
Kissel, J., Altwegg, K., Clark, B.C., Colangeli, L., Cottin, H., Czempiel, S., Eibl, J., Engrand, C., Fehringer, H.M., Feuerbacher, B., Fomenkova, M., Glasmachers, A., Greenberg, J.M., Grün, E., Haerendel, G., Henkel, H., Hilchenbach, M., von Hoerner, H., Höfner, H., Hornung, K., Jessberger, E.K., Koch, A., Krüger, H., Langevin, Y., Parigger, P., Raulin, F., Rüdenauer, F., Rynö J., Schmid, E.R., Schulz, R., Silén, J., Steiger, W., Stephan, T., Thirkell, L., Thomas, R., Torkar, K., Utterback, N.G., Varmuza, K., Wanczek, K.P., Werther, W., Zscheeg, H., Cosima – high resolution time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer for the analysis of cometary dust particles onboard rosetta. Space Sci. Rev. 128 (2007), 823–867, 10.1007/s11214-006-9083-0.
Langevin, Y., Hilchenbach, M., Ligier, N., Merouane, S., Hornung, K., Engrand, C., Schulz, R., Kissel, J., Rynö J., Eng, P., Typology of dust particles collected by the COSIMA mass spectrometer in the inner coma of 67P/Churyumov Gerasimenko. Icarus 271 (2016), 76–97, 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.01.027.
Levison, H.F., Bottke, W.F., Gounelle, M., Morbidelli, A., Nesvorný D., Tsiganis, K., Contamination of the asteroid belt by primordial trans-Neptunian objects. Nature 460 (2009), 364–366, 10.1038/nature08094.
Licandro, J., Campins, H., Tozzi, G.P., de León, J., Pinilla-Alonso, N., Boehnhardt, H., Hainaut, O.R., Testing the comet nature of main belt comets. The spectra of 133P/Elst-Pizarro and 176P/LINEAR. Astron. Astroph., 532, 2011, A65, 10.1051/0004-6361/201117018 Available from: < arXiv:1104.0879>.
Lis, D.C., Biver, N., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Hartogh, P., Bergin, E.A., Blake, G.A., Crovisier, J., de Val-Borro, M., Jehin, E., Küppers, M., Manfroid, J., Moreno, R., Rengel, M., Szutowicz, S., A Herschel study of D/H in water in the Jupiter-family Comet 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdušáková and prospects for D/H measurements with CCAT. ApJL, 774, 2013, L3, 10.1088/2041-8205/774/1/L3 Available from: < arXiv:1307.6869>.
Marty, B., Chaussidon, M., Wiens, R.C., Jurewicz, A.J.G., Burnett, D.S., A 15n-poor isotopic composition for the solar system as shown by genesis solar wind samples. Science 332 (2011), 1533–1536, 10.1126/science.1204656.
McKeegan, K.D., Aléon, J., Bradley, J., Brownlee, D., Busemann, H., Butterworth, A., Chaussidon, M., Fallon, S., Floss, C., Gilmour, J., Gounelle, M., Graham, G., Guan, Y., Heck, P.R., Hoppe, P., Hutcheon, I.D., Huth, J., Ishii, H., Ito, M., Jacobsen, S.B., Kearsley, A., Leshin, L.A., Liu, M.C., Lyon, I., Marhas, K., Marty, B., Matrajt, G., Meibom, A., Messenger, S., Mostefaoui, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., Nakamura-Messenger, K., Nittler, L., Palma, R., Pepin, R.O., Papanastassiou, D.A., Robert, F., Schlutter, D., Snead, C.J., Stadermann, F.J., Stroud, R., Tsou, P., Westphal, A., Young, E.D., Ziegler, K., Zimmermann, L., Zinner, E., Isotopic compositions of cometary matter returned by stardust. Science 314 (2006), 1724–1728, 10.1126/science.1135992.
Meech, K.J., Castillo-Rogez, J.C., 2015. Proteus – a mission to investigate the origins of Earth's water. Presentation at IAU General Assembly, abstract 2257859.
Michel, P., Cheng, A., Kueppers, M., Pravec, P., Blum, J., Delbo, M., Green, S.F., Rosenblatt, P., Tsiganis, K., Vincent, J.B., Biele, J., Ciarletti, V., Herique, A., Ulamec, S., Carnelli, I., Galvez, A., Benner, L., Naidu, S.P., Barnouin, O.S., Richardson, D.C., Rivkin, A., Scheirich, P., Moskovitz, N., Thirouin, A., Schwartz, S.R., Campo Bagatin, A., Yu, Y., Science case for the asteroid impact mission (AIM): a component of the asteroid impact & deflection assessment (AIDA) mission. Adv. Space Res. 57 (2016), 2529–2547.
Morbidelli, A., Levison, H.F., Gomes, R., The dynamical structure of the Kuiper belt and its primordial origin. Barucci, M.A., et al. (eds.) The Solar System Beyond Neptune, 2008, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 275–292.
Morbidelli, A., Levison, H.F., Tsiganis, K., Gomes, R., Chaotic capture of Jupiter's Trojan asteroids in the early Solar System. Nature 435 (2005), 462–465, 10.1038/nature03540.
Mousis, O., Gautier, D., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Robert, F., Dubrulle, B., Drouart, A., Constraints on the formation of Comets from D/H ratios measured in H 2 O and HCN. Icarus 148 (2000), 513–525, 10.1006/icar.2000.6499.
Nilsson, H., Stenberg Wieser, G., Behar, E., Wedlund, C.S., Gunell, H., Yamauchi, M., Lundin, R., Barabash, S., Wieser, M., Carr, C., Cupido, E., Burch, J.L., Fedorov, A., Sauvaud, J.A., Koskinen, H., Kallio, E., Lebreton, J.P., Eriksson, A., Edberg, N., Goldstein, R., Henri, P., Koenders, C., Mokashi, P., Nemeth, Z., Richter, I., Szego, K., Volwerk, M., Vallat, C., Rubin, M., Birth of a comet magnetosphere: a spring of water ions. Science, 347, 2015, aaa0571, 10.1126/science.aaa0571.
O'Brien, H., Brown, P., Beek, T., Carr, C., Cupido, E., Oddy, T., A radiation tolerant digital fluxgate magnetometer. Meas. Sci. Technol. 18 (2007), 3645–3650, 10.1088/0957-0233/18/11/050.
O'Rourke, L., Snodgrass, C., de Val-Borro, M., Biver, N., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Hsieh, H., Teyssier, D., Fernandez, Y., Kueppers, M., Micheli, M., Hartogh, P., Determination of an upper limit for the water outgassing rate of Main-belt Comet P/2012 T1 (PANSTARRS). ApJL, 774, 2013, L13, 10.1088/2041-8205/774/1/L13.
Owen, T., Bar-Nun, A., Comets, impacts and atmospheres. Icarus 116 (1995), 215–226, 10.1006/icar.1995.1122.
Palomba, E., Longobardo, A., Dirri, F., Zampetti, E., Biondi, D., Saggin, B., Bearzotti, A., Macagnano, A., VISTA: a μ-thermogravimeter for investigation of volatile compounds in planetary environments. Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 46 (2016), 273–281, 10.1007/s11084-015-9473-y.
Patterson, M.A., Rao, A.V., Gpops-ii: a matlab software for solving multiple-phase optimal control problems using hp-adaptive gaussian quadrature collocation methods and sparse nonlinear programming. ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 41 (2014), 1:1–1:37, 10.1145/2558904.
Phillips, R.J., Davis, B.J., Tanaka, K.L., Byrne, S., Mellon, M.T., Putzig, N.E., Haberle, R.M., Kahre, M.A., Campbell, B.A., Carter, L.M., Smith, I.B., Holt, J.W., Smrekar, S.E., Nunes, D.C., Plaut, J.J., Egan, A.F., Titus, T.N., Seu, R., Massive CO 2 Ice deposits sequestered in the south polar layered deposits of Mars. Science 332 (2011), 838–841, 10.1126/science.1203091.
Pierens, A., Raymond, S.N., Nesvorny, D., Morbidelli, A., Outward migration of Jupiter and Saturn in 3:2 or 2:1 resonance in radiative disks: implications for the grand tack and nice models. ApJL, 795, 2014, L11, 10.1088/2041-8205/795/1/L11 Available from: < arXiv:1410.0543>.
Pravec, P., Harris, A.W., Michałowski, T., Asteroid rotations. Bottke, W.F., Cellino, A., Paolicchi, P., Binzel, R.P., (eds.) Asteroids III, 2002, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 113–122.
Prialnik, D., Rosenberg, E.D., Can ice survive in main-belt comets? Long-term evolution models of comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 399 (2009), L79–L83, 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00727.x.
Robert, F., Solar system deuterium/hydrogen ratio. Lauretta, D.S., McSween, H.Y., (eds.) Meteorites and the Early Solar System II, 2006, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 341–351.
Robert, F., Gautier, D., Dubrulle, B., The solar system d/h ratio: observations and theories. Space Sci. Rev. 92 (2000), 201–224, 10.1023/A:1005291127595.
Rotundi, A., Sierks, H., Della Corte, V., Fulle, M., Gutierrez, P.J., Lara, L., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo, R., Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Keller, H.U., López-Moreno, J.J., Accolla, M., Agarwal, J., A'Hearn, M.F., Altobelli, N., Angrilli, F., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Bussoletti, E., Colangeli, L., Cosi, M., Cremonese, G., Crifo, J.F., Da Deppo, V., Davidsson, B., Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Esposito, F., Ferrari, M., Fornasier, S., Giovane, F., Gustafson, B., Green, S.F., Groussin, O., Grün, E., Güttler, C., Herranz, M.L., Hviid, S.F., Ip, W., Ivanovski, S., Jerónimo, J.M., Jorda, L., Knollenberg, J., Kramm, R., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lazzarin, M., Leese, M.R., López-Jiménez, A.C., Lucarelli, F., Lowry, S.C., Marzari, F., Epifani, E.M., McDonnell, J.A.M., Mennella, V., Michalik, H., Molina, A., Morales, R., Moreno, F., Mottola, S., Naletto, G., Oklay, N., Ortiz, J.L., Palomba, E., Palumbo, P., Perrin, J.M., Rodríguez, J., Sabau, L., Snodgrass, C., Sordini, R., Thomas, N., Tubiana, C., Vincent, J.B., Weissman, P., Wenzel, K.P., Zakharov, V., Zarnecki, J.C., 2015. Dust measurements in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko inbound to the Sun. Science 347, 3905. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa3905.
Rubin, M., Altwegg, K., Balsiger, H., Bar-Nun, A., Berthelier, J.J., Bieler, A., Bochsler, P., Briois, C., Calmonte, U., Combi, M., De Keyser, J., Dhooghe, F., Eberhardt, P., Fiethe, B., Fuselier, S.A., Gasc, S., Gombosi, T.I., Hansen, K.C., Hässig, M., Jäckel, A., Kopp, E., Korth, A., Le Roy, L., Mall, U., Marty, B., Mousis, O., Owen, T., Rème, H., Sémon, T., Tzou, C.Y., Waite, J.H., Wurz, P., Molecular nitrogen in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko indicates a low formation temperature. Science 348 (2015), 232–235, 10.1126/science.aaa6100.
Rubin, M., Altwegg, K., Jckel, A., Balsiger, H., Development of a low energy ion source for Rosina ion mode calibration. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 77, 2006, 103302, 10.1063/1.2358708.
Schläppi, B., Altwegg, K., Balsiger, H., Hässig, M., Jäckel, A., Wurz, P., Fiethe, B., Rubin, M., Fuselier, S.A., Berthelier, J.J., De Keyser, J., Rème, H., Mall, U., Influence of spacecraft outgassing on the exploration of tenuous atmospheres with in situ mass spectrometry. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys., 115, 2010, A12313, 10.1029/2010JA015734.
Schorghofer, N., The lifetime of ice on main belt asteroids. ApJ 682 (2008), 697–705, 10.1086/588633.
Sierks, H., Keller, H.U., Jaumann, R., Michalik, H., Behnke, T., Bubenhagen, F., Büttner, I., Carsenty, U., Christensen, U., Enge, R., Fiethe, B., Gutiérrez Marqués, P., Hartwig, H., Krüger, H., Kühne, W., Maue, T., Mottola, S., Nathues, A., Reiche, K.U., Richards, M.L., Roatsch, T., Schröder, S.E., Szemerey, I., Tschentscher, M., The dawn framing camera. Space Sci. Rev. 163 (2011), 263–327, 10.1007/s11214-011-9745-4.
Snodgrass, C., Agarwal, J., Combi, M., Fitzsimmons, A., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Hsieh, H., Hui, M.T., Jehin, E., Kelley, M., Knight, M., Opitom, C., Orosei, R., de Val-Borro, M., Yang, B., The main belt comets and ice in the solar system. Astron. Astrophys. Rev., 2017 in press.
Snodgrass, C., Yang, B., Fitzsimmons, A., X-shooter search for outgassing from Main Belt Comet P/2012 T1 (Pan-STARRS). Astron. Astroph., 605, 2017, A56, 10.1051/0004-6361/201731085 Available from: < arXiv:1706.06760>.
Snodgrass, C., Lowry, S.C., Fitzsimmons, A., Optical observations of 23 distant Jupiter Family Comets, including 36P/Whipple at multiple phase angles. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 385 (2008), 737–756, 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12900.x Available from: < arXiv:0712.4204>.
Tsiganis, K., Gomes, R., Morbidelli, A., Levison, H.F., Origin of the orbital architecture of the giant planets of the Solar System. Nature 435 (2005), 459–461, 10.1038/nature03539.
Wächter, A., Biegler, L.T., On the implementation of an interior-point filter line-search algorithm for large-scale nonlinear programming. Math. Programm. 106 (2006), 25–57, 10.1007/s10107-004-0559-y.
Wagoner, R.V., Fowler, W.A., Hoyle, F., On the synthesis of elements at very high temperatures. ApJ 148 (1967), 3–49, 10.1086/149126.
Walsh, K.J., Morbidelli, A., Raymond, S.N., O'Brien, D.P., Mandell, A.M., A low mass for Mars from Jupiter's early gas-driven migration. Nature 475 (2011), 206–209, 10.1038/nature10201 Available from: < arXiv:1201.5177>.
Westermann, C.B., Luithardt, W., Kopp, E., Koch, T., Liniger, R., Hofstetter, H., Fischer, J., Altwegg, K., Balsiger, H., A high precision calibration system for the simulation of cometary gas environments. Meas. Sci. Technol. 12 (2001), 1594–1603 .
