social entrepreneurship; definition; bibliometric analysis
Abstract :
[en] Definitions are important. They are composed of words that express what people think. Despite numerous efforts to bring about a clear and unbiased definition of social entrepreneurship, there is still confusion as how social entrepreneurship should be defined. The objective of this paper is not to state a novel definition, this means not to "push out", but rather to "pull in" together to better understand what the scholars are talking about through their own social entrepreneurship (SE) definitions. In doing so, we contribute to the literature by synthesizing and analysing the SE definitions to better understand the field. To do so, a combination of methods was used: systematic review to reach the articles proposing definitions and memetic analysis to understand the content of the definitions by analysing their memes. From the analysis, three main categories were considered: entity types, entrepreneurial opportunities and intentions/promises. Future research lines and implications are highlighted.
Research Center/Unit :
CES - Centre d'Économie Sociale - ULiège
Disciplines :
Social economics
Author, co-author :
Aliaga Isla, Rocio ; Université de Liège > HEC-Ecole de gestion : UER > Management en économie sociale
Huybrechts, Benjamin ; Université de Liège > HEC-Ecole de gestion : UER > Management en économie sociale
Language :
English
Title :
From “Push Out” to “Pull In Together": An Analysis of Social Entrepreneurship Definitions in the Academic Field
Alternative titles :
[en] Une analyse des définitions de l'entrepreneuriat social dans le champ académique
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Aczel, P., An introduction to inductive definitions (1977) Handbook of Mathematical Logic, , J. Barwise
Agafonow, A., Toward a positive theory of social entrepreneurship. On maximizing versus satisficing value capture (2014) J. Bus. Ethics, 125 (4), p. 709_713
Alvord, S.H., Brown, L.D., Letts, C.W., Social entrepreneurship and societal transformation: An exploratory study (2004) J. Appl. Behav. Sci., 40 (3), pp. 260-282
Aunger, R., (2000) Darwinizing Culture: the Status of Memetics as a Science, , R. Auger Oxford Unversity Press Oxford
Aunger, R., The Electric Meme: a New Theory of How We Think (2002), Free Press NewYork: NY
Austin, J., Stevenson, H., Wei-skillern, J., Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: same, different or both? (2006) Enterpren. Theor. Pract., 30 (1), pp. 1-22
Bacq, S., Hartog, C., Hoogendoorn, B., Beyond the moral portrayal of social entrepreneurs: an empirical approach to who they are and what drives them (2014) J. Bus. Ethics Nov., pp. 1-16
Bacq, S., Hartog, C., Hoogendoorn, B., A quantitative comparison of social and commercial entrepreneurship: toward a more nuanced understanding of social entrepreneurship organizations in context (2013) J. Soc. Entrepr., 4 (June), pp. 40-68
Bacq, S., Janssen, F., The multiple faces of social entrepreneurship: a review of definitional issues based on geographical and thematic criteria (2011) Enterpren. Reg. Dev., 23 (June), pp. 373-403
Barendsen, L., Gardner, H., Is the social entrepreneur a new type of leader? (2004) Leader Leader, 2004 (34), pp. 43-50
Bedau, M., Minimal memetics and the evolution of patented technology (2013) Found. Sci., 18 (4), pp. 791-807
Best, M., Models for interacting populations of memes: competition and niche behavior (1997) J. Memet. Evol. Models Inf. Transm., 1, p. 1
Blackmore, S., Evolution and memes: the human brain as a selective imitation device (2001) Cibern. Syst.: Int. J., 32 (1-2), pp. 225-255
Blute, M., Darwinian Sociocultural Evolution: Solutions to Dilemas in Cultural and Social Theory (2010), Cambridge University Press Cambridge
Boons, F., Lüdeke-Freund, F., Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda (2013) J. Clean. Prod., 45, pp. 9-19
Brodie, R., Virus of the Mind: the New Science of the Meme (1996), Integram Press Seattle, WA
Buckingham, H., Teasdale, S., Job Creation through the Social Economy and Social Entrepreneurship (2013)
Certo, S., Miller, T., Social entrepreneurship: key issues and concepts (2008) Bus. Horiz., 51 (4), pp. 267-271
Chell, E., Social enterprise and entrepreneurship: Towards a convergent theory of the entrepreneurial process (2007) Int. Small Bus. J., 25 (1), pp. 5-26
Chell, E., Nicolopoulou, K., Karataş-Özkan, M., Social entrepreneurship and enterprise: international and innovation perspectives (2010) Enterpren. Reg. Dev., 22 (6), pp. 485-493
Chesbrough, H., Why companies should have open business models (2007) MIT Sloan Manag. Rev., 48, pp. 22-28
Cochran, P., The evolution of corporate social responsibility (2007) Bus. Horiz., 50 (6), pp. 449-454
Cohen, B., Winn, M., Market imperfections, opportunity and sustainable entrepreneurship (2007) J. Bus. Ventur., 22 (1), pp. 29-49
Dacin, M., Dacin, P., Tracey, P., Social entrepreneurship: a critique and future directions (2011) Organ. Sci., 22 (5), pp. 1203-1213
Dacin, P., Dacin, M., Matear, M., Social entrepreneurship: why we don ’ t need a new theory and how we move forward from here (2010) Acad. Manag. Perspect., 24 (3), pp. 37-58
Dawkins, R., The Selfish Gene (1976), New Edition Oxford University Press Oxford
Dees, G., Anderson, B., Framing a theory of social entrepreneurship: building on two schools of practice and thought (2006) Res. Soc. Entrepren.: Understand. Contrib. Emerg. Field, 1 (3), pp. 39-66
Dees, G., The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship (1998), Working Paper
Dees, J.G., Taking social entrepreneurship seriously (2007) Society, 44 (3), pp. 24-31
Dennett, D., Freedom evolves (2003), Penguin New York, NY
Dennett, D., Dangerous Memes (2007), TED Talks
Denyer, D., Neely, A., Introduction to special issue: innovation and productivity performance in the UK (2004) Int. J. Manag., 5 (3), pp. 131-135
Dey, P., The rhetoric of social entrepreneurship: paralogy and new language games in academic discourse (2006) Entrepreneurship as Social Change: a Third Movements of Entrepreneurship, pp. 121-144. , C. Steyaert D. Hjorth Edward Elgar Cheltenham, UK
Di Domenico, M., Haugh, H., Tracey, P., Social bricolage: theorizing social value creation in social enterprises (2010) Enterpren. Theor. Pract., 34 (4), pp. 681-703
Distin, K., The Selfidh Meme: a Critical Reassessment (2005), Cambridge University Press Cambridge
Dorado, S., Social Entrepreneurial Ventures: different values so different process of creation, no? (2006) J. Dev. Enterpren., 11 (4), pp. 1-24
Elkintong, J., Hartigan, P., Power of Unreasonable People: How Social Entrepreneurs Create Markets that Change the World (2008), Harvard Business School Press Books Cambridge, MA
Erk, K., Semantic space models for word meaning in context (2009) Computer Science Colloquia, , University of Kentucky, College of Engineering Texas
Farmer, J., Kilpatrick, S., Are rural health professionals also social entrepreneurs? (2009) Soc. Sci. Med., 69 (11), pp. 1651-1658
Fowler, A., NGDOs as a moment in history: beyond aid to social entrepreneurship or civic innovation? (2000) Third World Q., 21 (4), pp. 637-654
Gartner, W., “Who is an entrepreneur?” is the wrong question (1988) Am. J. Small Bus., 12 (4), pp. 11-32
Gartner, W., Is there an elephant in entrepreneurship? Blind assumptions in theory development (2001) Enterpren. Theor. Pract., 25 (4), p. 27
Gers, M., The case for memes (2008) Biol. Theor., 3 (4), pp. 305-315
Graham, R., Knuth, D., Patashnik, O., Recurrent problems (1990) Concrete Mathematics
Gross, D., The Blue Star Meme: Applying Natural Selection Thinking to Urban Legends (1996)
Guzmán-Vásquez, A., Trujillo-Dávila, M., Emprendimiento social – revisión de literatura (2008) Estud. Gerenciales, 24 (109), pp. 105-125
Harding, R., Social enterprise the new economic engine (2004) Bus. Strat. Rev., 15 (4), pp. 39-43
Haugh, H., A research agenda for social entrepreneurship (2005) Soc. Enterpr. J., 1 (1), pp. 1-12
Hervieux, C., Gedajlovic, E., Turcotte, M., The legitimization of social entrepreneurship (2010) J. Enterprising Communities People Places Glob. Econ., 4 (1), pp. 37-67
Hibbert, S.A., Hogg, G., Quinn, T., Social entrepreneurship: Understanding consumer motives for buying the big issue (2005) J. Consum. Behav. Int. Res. Rev., 4 (3), pp. 159-172
Hockerts, K., Entrepreneurial opportunity in social purpose business venture (2006) Social Entrepreneurship, , J. Mair J. Robinson K. Hockerts Palgrave Macmillan Basingstoke, UK
Hodgson, G., Knudsen, T., Generative replication and the evolution of complexity (2010) J. Econ. Behav. Organ., 75 (1), pp. 12-24
Johnson, S., Memetic theory, trademarks and the viral meme mark (2013) John Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. Law, 13 (1), pp. 96-129
Jokela, P., Elo, M., Developing innovative business models in social ventures (2015) J. Entrepren. Manag. Innov., 11 (1), pp. 103-118
Khatchadourian, H., Rorty, R., The Linguistic Turn: Recent Essays in Philosophical Method (1970)
Korosec, M., Berman, E., Municipal support for social entrepreneurship (2006) Publ. Adm. Rev., 66 (3), pp. 448-462
Lan, H., Zhu, Y., Ness, D., Xing, K., Schneider, K., The role and characteristics of social entrepreneurs in contemporary rural cooperative development in China: case studies of rural social entrepreneurship (2014) Asia Pac. Bus. Rev., 20 (3), pp. 379-400
Lasprogata, G., Cotten, M., Contemplating “enterprise”: the business and legal challenges of social entrepreneurship (2003) Am. Bus. Law J., 41 (1)
Lehner, O., Kansikas, J., Opportunity recognition in social entrepreneurship: a thematic meta analysis (2012) J. Enterpren., 21 (1), pp. 25-58
Leigh, H., Genes, Memes, Culture, and Mental Illness: toward an Integrative Model (2010), Springer New York, NY
Light, P., Searching for Social Entrepreneurs: Who They Might Be, where They Might Be Found, what They Do (2005)
Light, P., Reshaping social entrepreneurship (2006) Stanford Soc. Innovat. Rev., 4, pp. 47-51
Light, P., The Search for Social Entrepreneurship (2008), Brookings Washington DC
Lynch, A., Thought Contagion: How Belief Spreads through Society. The New Science of Memes (1996), Basic Books New York, NY
Macke, J., Sarate, J., Domeneghini, J., Silva, K., Where do we go from now? Research framework for social entrepreneurship (2018) J. Clean. Prod., 183, pp. 677-685
Mair, J., Exploring the intentions and opportunities behind social entrepreneurship (2006) Social Entrepreneurship, pp. 89-94. , J. Mair J. Robinson K. Hockers Palgrave Macmillan New York
Mair, J., Martí, I., Social entrepreneurship research: a source of explanation, prediction, and delight (2006) J. World Bus., 41 (1), pp. 36-44
Marsden, P., Memetics: a new paradigm for understanding customer behaviour and influence (1998) Market. Intell. Plann., 16 (6), pp. 363-368
Marsden, P., Brand positioning: meme's the word (2002) Market. Intell. Plann., 20 (5), pp. 307-312
Martin, B., Osberg, S., Social Entrepreneurship : the case for definition (2007) Stanford Soc. Innovat. Rev., 5, pp. 29-39
Meyskens, M., Robb-Post, C., Stamp, J., Carsrud, A., Reynolds, P., Social ventures from a resource-based perspective: an exploratory study assessing global Ashoka fellows (2010) Enterpren. Theor. Pract., 34 (4), pp. 661-680
Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., PRISMA-P Group, Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement (2015) Syst. Rev., 4 (1), p. 1
Montgomery, A., Dacin, P., Dacin, M., Collective social entrepreneurship: collaboratively shaping social good (2012) J. Bus. Ethics, 111 (3), pp. 375-388
Mort, G., Weerawardena, J., Carnegie, K., Social entrepreneurship: towards conceptualisation (2003) Int. J. Nonprofit Voluntary Sect. Mark., 8 (1), pp. 76-88
Murphy, P., Coombes, S., A model of social entrepreneurial discovery (2009) J. Bus. Ethics, 87 (3), pp. 325-336
Nicholls, A., Social entrepreneurship: the structuration of the field (2006) Social Entrepreneurship: New Models os Sustainable Social Change, pp. 99-118. , A. Nicholls Oxford University Press Oxford
Nicholls, A., Social Entrepreneurship: New Models of Sustainable Social Change (2008), Oxford University Press Oxford
Nicholls, A., “We do good things, don”t we?’: “Blended Value Accounting” in social entrepreneurship (2009) Account. Org. Soc., 34 (6-7), pp. 755-769
Nicholls, A., The legitimacy of social entrepreneurship: reflexive isomorphism in a pre-paradigmatic field (2010) Enterpren. Theor. Pract., 34 (4), pp. 611-633
Nicolopoulou, K., Social entrepreneurship between cross-currents: toward a framework for theoretical restructuring of the field (2014) J. Small Bus. Manag., 52 (4), pp. 678-702
Nielsen, S., Top management team diversity: a review of theories and methodologies (2010) Int. J. Manag. Rev., 12 (3), pp. 301-316
Noya, A., Clarence, E., The Social Economy: Building Inclusive Communities. Paris (2007)
Pärenson, T., The criteria for a solid impact evaluation in social entrepreneurship (2011) Soc. Bus. Rev., 6 (1), pp. 39-48
Pech, R., Memetics and innovation: profit through balanced meme management (2003) Eur. J. Innovat. Manag., 6 (2), pp. 111-117
Peredo, A., McLean, M., Social entrepreneurship: a critical review of the concept (2006) J. World Bus., 41 (1), pp. 56-65
Perrini, F., The New Social Entrepreneurship: what Awaits Social Entrepreneurial Ventures (2006), Edward Elgar Northampton, MA
Perrini, F., The new social entrepreneurship (2006) What Awaits Social Entrepreneurship Ventures?, , F. Perrini Edward Elgar Cheltenham, U.K
Petticrew, M., Roberts, H., Systematic Reviews in the Social Sciences: a Critical Guide (2006), Blackwell Publishing Ltd Malden, MA
Podsakoff, P., Mackenzie, S., Bachrach, D., Podsakoff, N., The influence of management journals in the 1980s and 1990s (2005) Strat. Manag. J., 26 (5), p. 473
Roberts, B.D., Woods, C., Changing the world on a shoestring : Th e concept of social entrepreneurship (2005) Univ. Auckland Bus. Rev., 7 (1), pp. 45-51
Roper, J., Cheney, G., The meanings of social entrepreneurship today (2005) Corp. Govern., 5 (3), pp. 95-104
Santos, F., A positive theory of social entrepreneurship (2012) J. Bus. Ethics, 111 (3), pp. 335-351
Schlaile, M., Ehrenberger, M., Complexity in entrepreneurship, innovation and technology research (2016) Complexity in Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Technology Research, pp. 63-92. , Springer International Publishing
Seelos, C., Mair, J., Social entrepreneurship: creating new business models to serve the poor (2005) Bus. Horiz., 48 (3), pp. 241-246
Seelos, C., Mair, J., Profitable business models and market creation in the context of deep poverty: a strategy view (2007) Acad. Manag. Perspect., 21 (4), pp. 49-64
Sharir, M., Lerner, M., Gauging the success of social ventures initiated by individual social entrepreneurs (2006) J. World Bus., 41 (1), pp. 6-20
Shaw, E., Carter, S., Social entrepreneurship. Theoretical antecedents and empirical analysis of entrepreneurial processes and outcomes (2010) J. Small Bus. Enterprise Dev., 14 (3), pp. 418-434
Shepherd, J., McKelvey, B., An empirical investigation of organizational memetic variation (2009) J. Bioecon., 11 (2), pp. 135-164
Shifman, L., Memes in Digital Culture (2014), MIT press Cambridge MA
Swanson, L., Di Zhang, D., The social entrepreneurship zone (2010) J. Nonprofit & Public Sect. Mark., 22 (2), pp. 71-88
Tan, W.L., Williams, J., Tan, T.M., Defining the ‘social'in ‘social entrepreneurship’: Altruism and entrepreneurship (2005) Int. Enterpren. Manag. J., 1 (3), pp. 353-365
Tapsell, P., Woods, C., Social entrepreneurship and innovation: self-organization in an indigenous context (2010) Enterpren. Reg. Dev., 22 (6), pp. 535-556
Thompson, J., The world of the social entrepreneur (2002) Int. J. Public Sect. Manag., 15 (5), pp. 412-431
Thorpe, R., Holt, R., Macpherson, A., Pittaway, L., Using knowledge within small and medium-sized firms: a systematic review of the evidence (2005) Int. J. Manag. Rev., 7 (4), pp. 257-281
Tracey, P., Jarvis, O., Toward a theory of social venture franchising (2007) Enterpren. Theor. Pract., 31 (5), pp. 667-685
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., Smart, P., Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review (2003) Br. J. Manag., 14 (3), pp. 207-222
Vega, G., Kidwell, R., Toward a typology of new venture creators: similarities and contrasts between business and social entrepreneurs (2007) New England J. Entrepren., 10 (2), pp. 15-28
Weeks, J., Galunic, C., A theory of the cultural evolution of the firm: the intra-organizational ecology of memes (2003) Organ. Stud., 24 (8), pp. 1309-1352
Weerawardena, J., Mort, G., Investigating social entrepreneurship: a multidimensional model (2006) J. World Bus., 41, pp. 21-35
Wilkins, D., Hull, D., Replication and reproduction (2014) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, , E. Zalta
Zahra, S., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D., Shulman, J., A typology of social entrepreneurs: motives, search processes and ethical challenges (2009) J. Bus. Ventur., 24 (5), pp. 519-532
Zahra, S., Rawhouser, H., Bhawe, N., Neubaum, D., Hayton, J., Globalization of social entrepreneurship opportunities (2008) Strat. Entrepren. J., 1 (1), pp. 117-131
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.