[en] In this work, the redispersion of three nanocrystalline TiO2 colloids is studied: one pure and two Fe-doped titania. These three colloids are produced by an easy aqueous sol-gel synthesis using precipitation-acidic peptization of Ti precursor. For the two Fe-doped TiO2, one is doped during synthesis (primary doping) and the other is doped after the synthesis (secondary doping). The initial colloids are composed of crystalline TiO2 particles around 7 nm with good photocatalytic properties, tested on PNP degradation under visible light (wavelength > 390 nm).
The powders obtained by air drying of these three colloids are redispersed in water to produce colloids which are compared to the initial colloid produced. For each colloid, 5 cycles of drying-redispersion are achieved. The colloids are characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements, inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, Mössbauer spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photocatalytic tests. The results show that similar products are obtained between the cycles, maintaining homologous properties of colloids. This property of redispersion is mainly due to the acid (HNO3, HCl, or H2SO4) which protonates the surface of the TiO2 nanoparticle leading to high surface charges and electrostatic repulsions between aggregates. This property can be very useful for industrial applications of this synthesis, especially as it allows the volume and weight to be reduced for transportation and storage. Moreover, results show that the pure TiO2 powder can be doped during its redispersion step. The redispersion of the TiO2 developed here is possible without surface functionalization or multiple step processes, contrary to commercial Degussa P25. A two year stability study of all the produced colloids has been performed by following the evolution of the macroscopic aspect and the physico-chemical properties of these sols. This study showed high stability of the produced colloids.
Research center :
CESAM - Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials - ULiège Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
Disciplines :
Materials science & engineering Chemical engineering Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Mahy, Julien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Department of Chemical Engineering > Department of Chemical Engineering
Deschamps, Fabien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Department of Chemical Engineering > Ingéniérie électrochimique
Collard, Valérie ; University of Liège (ULiège), Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials (CESAM), Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
Jérôme, Christine ; University of Liège (ULiège), Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials (CESAM), Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
Bartlett, John
Lambert, Stéphanie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Department of Chemical Engineering > Department of Chemical Engineering
Heinrichs, Benoît ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Department of Chemical Engineering > Génie chimique - Nanomatériaux et interfaces
Language :
English
Title :
Acid acting as redispersing agent to form stable colloids from photoactive crystalline aqueous sol–gel TiO2 powder
Carp O (2004) Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide. Prog Solid State Chem 32:33–177. 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2004.08.001
Houmard M, Riassetto D, Roussel F, Bourgeois A, Berthomé G, Joud JC et al. (2007) Morphology and natural wettability properties of sol-gel derived TiO2-SiO2 composite thin films. Appl Surf Sci 254:1405–1414. 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.06.072
Mahy JG, Leonard GL-M, Pirard S, Wicky D, Daniel A, Archambeau C et al (2017) Aqueous sol-gel synthesis and film deposition methods for the large-scale manufacture of coated steel with self-cleaning properties. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 81:27–35. 10.1007/s10971-016-4020-5
Pelaez M, Nolan NT, Pillai SC, Seery MK, Falaras P, Kontos AG et al (2012) A review on the visible light active titanium dioxide photocatalysts for environmental applications. Appl Catal B Environ 125:331–349. 10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.05.036
Mills A, Hunte SLe (1997) An overview of semiconductor photocatalysis. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 108:1–35. 10.1016/S1010-6030(97)00118-4
Barbe CJ, Arendse F, Comte P, Jirousek M, Lenzmann F, Shklover V et al (1997) Nanocrystalline titanium oxide electrodes for photovoltaic applications. J Am Ceram Soc 71:3157–3171
Fujishima A, Hashimoto K, Watanabe T (1999) TiO2 photocatalysis: fundamentals and applications. BKC Inc., Tokyo
Malengreaux CM, Douven S, Poelman D, Heinrichs B, Bartlett JR (2014) An ambient temperature aqueous sol–gel processing of efficient nanocrystalline doped TiO2-based photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 71:557–570. 10.1007/s10971-014-3405-6
Rauf MA, Ashraf SS (2009) Fundamental principles and application of heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of dyes in solution. Chem Eng J 151:10–18. 10.1016/j.cej.2009.02.026
Guan K (2005) Relationship between photocatalytic activity, hydrophilicity and self-cleaning effect of TiO2/SiO2 films. Surf Coat Technol 191:155–160. 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.02.022
Huang T, Huang W, Zhou C, Situ Y, Huang H (2012) Superhydrophilicity of TiO2/SiO2 thin films: synergistic effect of SiO2 and phase-separation-induced porous structure. Surf Coat Technol 213:126–132. 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.10.033
Antonelli DM, Ying JY (1995) Synthesis of hexagonally packed mesoporous TiO2 by a modified sol–gel method. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 34:2014–2017. 10.1002/anie.199520141
Anderson C, Bard AJ (1995) An improved photocatalyst of TiO2/SiO2 prepared by a sol-gel synthesis. J Phys Chem 99:9882–9885. 10.1021/j100024a033
Gratzel M (2001) Sol-gel processed TiO2 films for photovoltaic applications. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 22:7–13. 10.1023/A:1011273700573
Malengreaux CM, Léonard GM-L, Pirard SL, Cimieri I, Lambert SD, Bartlett JR et al. (2014) How to modify the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films through their roughness by using additives. A relation between kinetics, morphology and synthesis. Chem Eng J 243:537–548. 10.1016/j.cej.2013.11.031
Malengreaux CM, Pirard SL, Léonard G, Mahy JG, Klobes B, Herlitschke M et al. (2017) Study of the photocatalytic activity of Fe 3+, Cr 3+, La 3+ and Eu 3+ single- doped and co-doped TiO 2 catalysts produced by aqueous sol-gel processing. J Alloy Compd 691:726–738. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.08.211
Bischoff B, Anderson M (1995) Peptization process in the sol-gel preparation of porous anatase (TiO2). Chem Mater 7:1772–1778
Mahy JG, Lambert SD, Leonard GL-M, Zubiaur A, Olu P-Y, Mahmoud A et al. (2016) Towards a large scale aqueous sol-gel synthesis of doped TiO2: study of various metallic dopings for the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 329:189–202. 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.06.029
Mahshid S, Askari M, Ghamsari MS (2007) Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrolysis and peptization of titanium isopropoxide solution. J Mater Process Technol 189:296–300. 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.01.040
Bartlett JR, Gazeau D, Zemb T, Woolfrey JL (1998) The structure of multicomponent (titania/zirconia) nanoparticles. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 118:113–118. 10.1023/A:1008667725327
Semlali S, Pigot T, Flahaut D, Allouche J, Lacombe S, Nicole L (2014) Mesoporous Pt-TiO2 thin films: photocatalytic efficiency under UV and visible light. Appl Catal B Environ 150–151:656–662. 10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.12.042
Malengreaux CM, Timmermans A, Pirard SL, Lambert SD, Pirard J-P, Poelman D et al. (2012) Optimized deposition of TiO2 thin films produced by a non-aqueous sol–gel method and quantification of their photocatalytic activity. Chem Eng J 195–196:347–358. 10.1016/j.cej.2012.04.076
Mahy JG, Cerfontaine V, Poelman D, Devred F, Gaigneaux EM, Heinrichs B et al. (2018) Highly efficient low-temperature N-doped TiO 2 catalysts for visible light photocatalytic applications. Mater (Basel) 11:1–20. 10.3390/ma11040584
Chu B (2008) In: Borsali R, Pecora R (eds) Soft matter characterization. Springer, the Netherlands, p 335–372
Sing KSW, Rouquerol J, Bergeret HJG, Gallezot P, Vaarkamp M, Koningsberger DC, Datye AK, Niemantsverdriet JW, Butz T, Engelhardt G, Mestl G, Knözinger H (1997) In: Ertl G, Knözinger H, Weitkamp J (eds) Handbook of heterogeneous catalysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, p 428–582. 10.1002/9783527619474.ch3a
Doebelin N, Kleeberg R (2015) Profex: a graphical user interface for the Rietveld refinement program BGMN. J Appl Crystallogr 48:1573–1580. 10.1107/S1600576715014685
Madsen IC, Finney RJ, Flann RCA, Frost MT, Wilson BW (1991) Quantitative analysis of high-alumina refractories using X-ray powder diffraction data and the Rietveld method. J Am Ceram Soc 74:619–624
Lecloux A (1971) Exploitation des isothermes d’adsorption et de désorption d’azote pour l’étude de la texture des solides poreux. Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, p 169–209
KUBELKA P (1931) Ein Beitrag zur Optik der Farban striche. Z Tech Phys 12: 593–603. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10008164867/en/. Accessed 16 Oct 2015
Kubelka P (1948) New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering materials. J Opt Soc Am 38:448–457. 10.1364/JOSA.44.000330
Páez CA, Poelman D, Pirard JP, Heinrichs B (2010) Unpredictable photocatalytic ability of H2-reduced rutile-TiO2 xerogel in the degradation of dye-pollutants under UV and visible light irradiation. Appl Catal B Environ 94:263–271. 10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.11.017
Escobedo Morales A, Sánchez Mora E, Pal U (2007) Use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for optical characterization of un-supported nanostructures. Rev Mex Fis S 53:18–22. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/229050010_Use_of_diffuse_reflectance_spectroscopy_for_optical_characterization_of_un-supported_nanostructures/file/79e41507eead49bb27.pdf
Páez CA, Liquet DY, Calberg C, Lambert SD, Willems I, Germeau A et al. (2011) Study of photocatalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide over ramsdellite-MnO2 by O2-pressure monitoring. Catal Commun 15:132–136. 10.1016/j.catcom.2011.08.025
Vinogradov AV, Vinogradov VV (2014) Effect of acidic peptization on formation of highly photoactive TiO2 films prepared without heat treatment. J Am Ceram Soc 97:290–294. 10.1111/jace.12560
Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF, Norby P, Quaresmâ S (2005) Fabrication of rutile rod-like particle by hydrothermal method: an insight into HNO3 peptization. J Colloid Interface Sci 283:102–106. 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.109
Hore S, Palomares E, Smit H, Bakker NJ, Comte P, Liska P et al. (2005) Acid versus base peptization of mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 films: functional studies in dye sensitized solar cells. J Mater Chem 15:412. 10.1039/b407963a
Matijevic E (1981) Monodispersed metal (hydrous) oxides - a fascinating field of colloid science. Acc Chem Res 14:22–29. 10.1021/ar00061a004
Liao DL, Wu GS, Liao BQ (2009) Zeta potential of shape-controlled TiO2 nanoparticles with surfactants. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 348:270–275. 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.036
D’Orlyé F, Varenne A, Georgelin T, Siaugue JM, Teste B, Descroix S et al. (2009) Charge-based characterization of nanometric cationic bifunctional maghemite/silica core/shell particles by capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 30:2572–2582. 10.1002/elps.200800835
Tasseroul L, Páez CA, Lambert SD, Eskenazi D, Heinrichs B (2016) Photocatalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide over nanoparticles of TiO 2 and Ni (II) -porphyrin-doped TiO 2: a relationship between activity and porphyrin anchoring mode. Appl Catal B Environ 182:405–413. 10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.09.042
Páez CA, Liquet D, Calberg C, Eskenazi D, Pirard J-P, Heinrichs B (2013) Process for manufacturing a composite material. Patent WO2013171297A2
Deng Y, Oswald M, Deller K (2008) Aqueous/organic metal oxide dispersion and coated substrates and mouldings produced therewith. https://www.google.com/patents/US20080032117
