[en] Seismic shaking can damage building, especially historical structures which were not designed with building codes. Here we focus on Roman aqueduct bridge structures, which remains can be found all over the Mediterranean area, a highly seismic region. We developed simple models using a finite element software to realize static and dynamic linear analyses of these structures when they are subject to imposed ground motion. The effects of basic variations in the pier-arch architectural design and in the type of material used were investigated. We identified two main weak zones: the arch extremities and the bottom part of the piers. The damage occurrence in these two areas could be attributed to earthquake shaking. Our first-order vulnerability analysis also points to different ways to enhance the structure stability: building narrow arches, adding buttress zones and using bricks which are light materials. Finally, we also investigated the vulnerability to seismic shaking of a real case example, the Antioch on the Orontes Aqueduct in Harbiye (Turkey). The aqueduct shows different stages of constructions, damage areas and repairs. The modeling suggests that the observed damages were the results of earthquake shaking. The repairs reinforced the structure and stabilized it pointing to the adaptive technology and skills of the roman engineers.