Modelling sediment fluxes in the Danube River Basin with SWAT

Danube; Sediment yield; Suspended sediment concentration; SWAT; Banks (bodies of water); Budget control; Calibration; Deposition; Erosion; Rivers; Sediments; Environmental services; Inter quartile ranges; Sediment concentration; Sediment management; Sediment yields; Suspended sediment concentrations; Suspended sediments; Article; Soil and Water Assessment Tool; Danube Basin

Abstract :

[en] Sediment management is of prior concern in the Danube Basin for provision of economic and environmental services. This study aimed at assessing current (1995–2009) sediment fluxes of the Danube Basin with SWAT model and identifying sediment budget knowledge gaps. After hydrologic calibration, hillslope gross erosion and sediment yields were broadly calibrated using ancillary data (measurements in plots and small catchments, and national and European erosion maps). Mean annual sediment concentrations (SSC) from 269 gauging stations (2968 station-year entries; median 19 mg/L, interquartile range IQR 10–36 mg/L) were used for calibrating in-stream sediments. SSC residuals (simulations-observations) median was 2 mg/L (IQR − 14; + 22 mg/L). In the validation dataset (172 gauging stations; 1457 data-entries, median 17 mg/L, IQR 10–28), median residual was 9 mg/L (IQR − 9; + 39 mg/L). Percent bias in an independent dataset of annual sediment yields (SSY; 689 data-entries in 95 stations; median 52 t/km2/y, IQR 20–151 t/km2/y) was − 21.5%. Overall, basin-wide model performance was considered satisfactory. Sediment fluxes appeared overestimated in some regions (Sava and Velika Morava), and underestimated in others (Siret-Prut and Romanian Danube), but unbiased elsewhere. According to the model, most sediments were generated by hillslope erosion. Streambank degradation contributed about 5% of sediments, and appeared important in high stream power Alpine reaches. Sediment trapping in reservoirs and floodplain deposition was probably underestimated and counterbalanced by high stream deposition. Factor analysis showed that model underestimations were correlated to Alpine and karst areas, whereas underestimations occurred in high seismicity areas of the Lower Danube. Contemporary sediment fluxes were about one third of values reported for the 1980s for several tributaries of the Middle and Lower Danube. Knowledge gaps affecting the sediment budget were identified in the contributions of some erosion processes (glacier erosion, gully erosion and mass movements), and in-stream sediment dynamics. © 2017 The Authors

Disciplines :

Earth sciences & physical geography

Author, co-author :

Vigiak, O.; European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D – Sustainable Resources, Italy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Department of Geography, Munich, Germany

Malagó, A.; European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D – Sustainable Resources, Italy

Bouraoui, F.; European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D – Sustainable Resources, Italy

Vanmaercke, Matthias ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géographie > Géographie physique et du quaternaire

Obreja, F.; River Forecast, Hydrology and Hydrogeology Service, SIRET Water BranchBacau, Romania

Poesen, J.; Division of Geography, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Heverlee, Belgium

Habersack, H.; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Methods in River Monitoring, Modelling and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, Vienna, Austria

Fehér, J.; Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Hungary

Grošelj, S.; International Sava River Basin Commission, Branimirova 29, Zagreb, Croatia

Language :

English

Title :

Modelling sediment fluxes in the Danube River Basin with SWAT

Publication date :

2017

Journal title :

Science of the Total Environment

ISSN :

0048-9697

eISSN :

1879-1026

Publisher :

Elsevier B.V.

Volume :

599-600

Pages :

992-1012

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 27 June 2018

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