United States Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) Type III stilling basin; Stepped spillway; Smooth spillway; Computational fluid dynamics (CFD); Design and adverse conditions; Energy dissipator
Abstract :
[en] New information regarding the influence of a stepped chute on the hydraulic performance of the United States Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) Type III hydraulic jump stilling basin is presented for design (steady) and adverse (decreasing tailwater) conditions. Using published experimental data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, this paper presents a detailed comparison between smooth-chute and stepped-chute configurations for chute slopes of 0.8H:1V and 4H:1V and Froude numbers (F) ranging from 3.1 to 9.5 for a Type III basin designed for F = 8. For both stepped and smooth chutes, the relative role of each basin element was quantified, up to the most hydraulic extreme case of jump sweep-out. It was found that, relative to a smooth chute, the turbulence generated by a stepped chute causes a higher maximum velocity decay within the stilling basin, which represents an enhancement of the Type III basin’s performance but also a change in the relative role of the basin elements. Results provide insight into the ability of the CFD models [unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with renormalization group (RNG) k-ϵ turbulence model and volume-of-fluid (VOF) for free surface tracking] to predict the transient basin flow structure and velocity profiles. Type III basins can perform adequately with a stepped chute despite the effects steps have on the relative role of each basin element. It is concluded that the classic Type III basin design, based upon methodology by reclamation specific to smooth chutes, can be hydraulically improved for the case of stepped chutes for design and adverse flow conditions using the information presented herein.
Research Center/Unit :
UEE - Urban and Environmental Engineering - ULiège
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Amador, A., Sánchez-Juny, M., Dolz, J., "Characterization of the nonaerated flow region in a stepped spillway by PIV." (2006) J. Fluids Eng, 128 (6), pp. 1266-1273. , https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2354529
Amador, A., Sánchez-Juny, M., Dolz, J., "Developing flow region and pressure fluctuations on steeply sloping stepped spillways." (2009) J. Hydraul. Eng, 135 (12), pp. 1092-1100. , https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000118
Bauer, W.J., (1951) "The development of the turbulent boundary layer on steep slopes.", , Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of Iowa
Bayon, A., Valero, D., Garcia-Bartual, R., Valles-Moran, F.J., Lopez-Jimenez, P.A., "Performance assessment of OpenFOAM and FLOW-3D in the numerical modeling of a low Reynolds number hydraulic jump." (2016) Environ. Modell. Software, 80, pp. 322-335. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.02.018
Belanger, J., (1841) Notes sur l'Hydraulique [Notes on Hydraulic Engineering], 223, , [In French.] Paris: école Royale des Ponts et Chaussées
Blaisdell, F.W., (1959) The SAF stilling basin: A structure to dissipate the destructive energy in high-velocity flow from spillways, , Agriculture Handbook No. 156. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
Bombardelli, F.A., Meireles, I., Matos, J., "Laboratory measurements and multi-block numerical simulations of the mean flow and turbulence in the non-aerated skimming flow region of steep stepped spillways." (2011) Environ. Fluid Mech, 11 (3), pp. 263-288. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-010-9188-6
Bormann, K., (1968) Der Sbfluss in Schussrinnen unter Berücksichtigung der Luftaufnahme, , [In German.]. Bericht 13. München, Germany: Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Oskar von Miller Institut, Technische Hochschule
Bradley, J.N., Peterka, A.J., "The hydraulic design of stilling basins: Hydraulic jumps on a horizontal apron (basin I)." (1957) J. Hydraul. Div, 83 (5), pp. 1-24
Bradshaw, P., Launder, B.E., Lumley, J.L., "Collaborative testing of turbulence models." (1996) J. Fluids Eng, 118 (2), pp. 243-247. , https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2817369
Bung, D.B., "Developing flow in skimming flow regime on embankment stepped spillways." (2011) J. Hydraul. Res, 49 (5), pp. 639-648. , https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2011.584372
Bung, D.B., Sun, Q., Meireles, I., Viseu, T., Matos, J., "USBR type III stilling basin performance for steep stepped spillways." (2012) In Proc., 4th IAHR Int. Symp. on Hydraulic Structures, , Porto, Portugal
Cain, P., Wood, I.R., "Measurements of self-aerated flow on a spillway." (1981) J. Hydraul. Div, 107 (11), pp. 1425-1444
Carvalho, R.F., Lemos, C.M., Ramos, C.M., "Numerical computation of the flow in hydraulic jump stilling basins." (2008) J. Hydraul. Res, 46 (6), pp. 739-752. , https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2008.9521919
Castro-Orgaz, O., "Velocity profile and flow resistance models for developing chute flow." (2010) J. Hydraul. Eng, 136 (7), pp. 447-452. , https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000190
Celik, I.B., Ghia, U., Roache, P.J., "Procedure for estimation and reporting of uncertainty due to discretization in CFD applications." (2008) J. Fluids Eng, 130 (7), pp. 1-4. , https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2960953
Chanson, H., (1994) Hydraulic design of stepped cascades, channels, weirs, and spillways, , Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press
Chanson, H., (2002) The hydraulics of stepped chutes and spillways, , Lisse, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema
Chanson, H., Brattberg, T., "Experimental study of the air-water shear flow in a hydraulic jump." (2000) Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 26 (4), pp. 583-607. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9322(99)00016-6
Chanson, H., Bung, D.B., Matos, J., "Stepped spillways and cascades." (2015) In Energy dissipation in hydraulic structures, , edited by H. Chanson. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press
Felder, S., Chanson, H., "Aeration, flow instabilities, and residual energy on pooled stepped spillways of embankment dams." (2013) J. Irrig. Drain. Eng, 139 (10), pp. 880-887. , https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000627
Felder, S., Chanson, H., "Simple design criterion for residual energy on embankment dam stepped spillways." (2015) J. Hydraul. Eng, 142 (4). , https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001107
Frizell, K.H., (1990) Final model study results for Milltown Hill Dam spillway and stilling basin, , Denver: United States Bureau of Reclamation
Frizell, K.H., (1990) Hydraulic model study of McClure Dam existing and proposed RCC stepped spillways, , R-90-02. Denver: United States Bureau of Reclamation
Frizell, K.W., (2009) Cavitation potential of the Folsom auxiliary spillway stilling basin baffle blocks: Laboratory studies, , HL-2009-06. Denver: United States Bureau of Reclamation
Frizell, K.W., Kubitschek, J.P., Matos, J., "Stilling basin performance for stepped spillways of mild to steep slopes: Type III Basins." (2009) In Proc., 33rd IAHR Congress: Water Engineering for a Sustainable Environment, pp. 2301-2307. , Madrid, Spain: IAHR
Frizell, K.W., Svoboda, C., Matos, J., "Performance of type III stilling basins for stepped spillways." (2016) In Proc., Protections 2016 2nd Int, , Fort Collins, CO Seminar on Dam Protection Against Overtopping
Frizell, K.W., Svoboda, C.D., (2012) "Performance of type III stilling basins: Stepped spillway studies. Do stepped spillways affect traditional design parameters?", , HL-2012-02, Denver: United States Bureau of Reclamation
Hager, W.H., (1992) Energy dissipators and hydraulic jump, , Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers
Hirsch, C., (2007) Numerical computation of internal and external flows: The fundamentals of computational fluid dynamics, , Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann
Hirt, C.W., Nichols, B.D., "Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries." (1981) J. Comput. Phys, 39 (1), pp. 201-225. , https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(81)90145-5
Hirt, C.W., Sicilian, J.M., "A porosity technique for the definition of obstacles in rectangular cell meshes." (1985) In Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Ship Hydro-dynamics, pp. 1-19. , Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences
Hunt, S., (2008) "Design of converging stepped spillways.", , Ph. D. dissertation, Colorado State Univ
Hunt, S.L., Kadavy, K.C., "Energy dissipation on flat-sloped stepped spillways. 1: Upstream of the inception point." (2010) Trans. ASABE, 53 (1), pp. 103-109. , https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.29506
Hunt, S.L., Kadavy, K.C., Crookston, B.M., "Discussion of 'Simple design criterion for residual energy on embankment dam stepped spillways' by Stefan Felder and Hubert Chanson." (2017) J. Hydraul. Eng, 143 (5). , https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001283
Katsuria, R.M., (2005) Hydraulic design of spillways and energy dissipators, , New York: Marcel Dekker
Kawagoshi, N., Hager, W.H., "B-jump in sloping channel, II." (1990) J. Hydraul. Res, 28 (4), pp. 461-480. , https://doi.org/10.1080/00221689009499060
Kramer, K., (2004) "Development of aerated chute flow.", , Ph. D. thesis, ETH Zürich
Matos, J., Meireles, I., "Hydraulics of stepped weirs and dam spillways: Engineering challenges, labyrinths of research." (2014) In Proc., 5th IAHR Int. Symp. on Hydraulic Structures, pp. 1-30. , edited by H. Chanson, and L. Toombes,. Brisbane, Australia
Meireles, I., Matos, J., "Skimming flow in the nonaerated region of stepped spillways over embankment dams." (2009) J. Hydraul. Eng, 135 (8), pp. 685-689. , https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000047
Novak, P., Moffat, A., Nalluri, C., Narayanan, R., (2007) Hydraulic structures, , 4th ed. Abingdon, Oxon: E&FN Spon
Ohtsu, I., Yasuda, Y., "Hydraulic jump in sloping channels." (1991) J. Hydraul. Eng, 117 (7), pp. 905-921. , https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1991)117:7(905)
Peterka, A.J., (1978) Hydraulic design of spillways and energy dissipators, , Engineering Monograph 25. Denver: United States Dept. of the Interior. Bureau of Reclamation
Prosperetti, A., Tryggvason, G., (2007) Computational methods for multiphase flow, , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
Rajaratnam, N., "An experimental study of air entrainment characteristics of the hydraulic jump." (1962) J. Inst. Eng. India, 42 (7), pp. 247-273
Rajaratnam, N., (1976) Turbulent jets, , New York: Elsevier
Rouse, H., Siao, T., Nagaratnam, S., "Turbulence characteristics of the hydraulic jump." (1958) J. Hydraul. Div, 84 (HY1), pp. 1-30
Saad, Y., (2003) Iterative methods for sparse linear systems, , Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Schwalt, M., Hager, W.H., "Die Strahlbox (the jetbox)." (1992) [In German.] Schweizer Ingenieur und Architekt, 110 (27-28), pp. 547-549
Shearin-Feimster, L.E., Crookston, B.M., Felder, S., "Design approaches and numerical modeling of a stepped spillway under high tailwater conditions." (2015) In Proc., 35th Annual USSD Conf, , Louisville, KY
Valero, D., Bung, D., Crookston, B.M., Matos, J., "Numerical investigation of USBR type III stilling basin performance downstream of smooth and stepped spillways." (2016) In Proc., 6th IAHR Int. Symp. on Hydraulic Structures and Water System Management, pp. 652-663. , edited by B. Crookston and B. Tullis,. Portland, OR
Valero, D., Bung, D.B., "Hybrid investigations of air transport processes in moderately sloped stepped spillway flows." (2015) In Proc., 36th IAHR World Congress, , Hague, Netherlands
Valero, D., Garcia-Bartual, R., "Calibration of an air entrainment model for CFD spillway applications." (2016) In Advances in hydroinformatics, pp. 571-582. , Singapore: Springer
Valero, D., García-Bartual, R., Marco, J., "Optimisation of stilling basin chute blocks using a calibrated multiphase RANS model." (2015) In Proc., 5th Int. Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures, , Liege, Belgium: Univ. of Liege
Wilcox, D.C., (2006) Turbulence modelling for CFD, 3rd ed, , La Cañada, CA: DCW Industries
Yakhot, V., Orszag, S.A., "Renormalization group analysis of turbulence. I: Basic theory." (1986) J. Sci. Comput, 1 (1), pp. 3-51. , https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01061452
Yakhot, V., Orszag, S.A., Thangam, S., Gatski, T.B., Speziale, C.G., "Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique." (1992) Phys. Fluids A, 4 (7), pp. 1510-1520. , https://doi.org/10.1063/1.858424
Zhang, G., Chanson, H., "Hydraulics of the developing flow region of stepped spillways. I: Physical modeling and boundary layer development." (2016) J. Hydraul. Eng, 142 (7). , https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001138
Zhang, G., Chanson, H., "Hydraulics of the developing flow region of stepped spillways. II: Pressure and velocity fields." (2016) J. Hydraul. Eng, 142 (7). , https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001136
Similar publications
Sorry the service is unavailable at the moment. Please try again later.
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.