Evans WJ, Campbell WW. Sarcopenia and age-related changes in body composition and functional capacity. J Nutr. 1993; 123:465-468
Cooper C, Fielding M, Visser M, van Loon LJ, Rolland Y, Orwoll E, Reid K, Boonen S, Dere W, Epstein S, Mitlak B, Tsouderos Y, Sayer AA, et al. Tools in the assessment of sarcopenia. Calcif Tissue Int. 2013; 93:201-210
Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Morley JE, Newman AB, Abellan van Kan G, Andrieu S, Bauer J, Breuille D, Cederholm T, Chandler J, De Meynard C, et al. Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011; 12:249-256
Tsai S. Importance of lean body mass in the oncologic patient. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012; 27:593-598
Muscaritoli A, Molfino A, Rossi Fanelli F. Muscle depletion and the prediction of chemotherapy toxicity. Intern Emerg Med. 2013; 8:373-375
Mourtzakis M, Prado CM, Lieffers JR, Reiman T, McCargar LJ, Baracos VE. A practical and precise approach to quantification of body composition in cancer patients using computed tomography images acquired during routine care. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008; 33:997-1006
McLean RR, Kiel DP. Developing consensus criteria for sarcopenia: an update. J Bone Miner Res. 2015; 30:588-592
Shen W, Punyanitya M, Wang Z, Gallagher D, St-Onge MP, Albu J, Heymsfield SB, Heshka S. Total body skeletal muscle and adipose tissue volumes: estimation from a single abdominal cross-sectional image. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004; 17:2333-2338
Binay Safer V, Safer U. Usefulness and limitations of single-slice computed tomography analysis at the third lumbar region in the assessment of sarcopenia. Crit Care. 2013; 17:466
Gifford A, Walker RC, Towse TF, Brian Welch E. Correlations between quantitative fat-water magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue. J Med Imaging (Bellingham). 2015; 2:046001
Prado CM, Lieffers JR, McCargar LJ, Reiman T, Sawyer MB, Martin L, Baracos VE. Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2008; 9:629-635
Martin L, Birdsell L, Macdonald N, Reiman T, Clandinin MT, McCargar LJ, Murphy R, Ghosh S, Sawyer MB, Baracos VE. Cancer cachexia in the age of obesity: skeletal muscle depletion is a powerful prognostic factor, independent of body mass index. J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31:1539-1547
Bozzetti F. Forcing the vicious circle: sarcopenia increases toxicity, decreases response to chemotherapy and worsens with chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2017; 28:2107-2118
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, Martin FC, Michel JP, Rolland Y, Schneider SM, Topinková E, Vandewoude M, Zamboni M, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing. 2010; 39:412-23
Antoun S, Baracos VE, Birdsell L, Escudier B, Sawyer MB. Low body mass index and sarcopenia associated with dose-limiting toxicity of sorafenib in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2010; 21:1594-1598
Huillard O, Mir O, Peyromaure M, Tlemsani C, Giroux J, Boudou-Rouquette P, Ropert S, Delongchamps NB, Zerbib M, Goldwasser F. Sarcopenia and body mass index predict sunitinib-induced early dose-limiting toxicities in renal cancer patient. Br J Cancer. 2013; 108:1034-1041
Arrieta O, De la Torre-Vallejo M, López-Macías D, Orta D, Turcott J, Macedo-Pérez EO, Sánchez-Lara K, Ramírez-Tirado LA, Baracos VE. Nutritional status, body surface, and low lean body mass/body mass index are related to dose reduction and severe gastrointestinal toxicity induced by afatinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncologist. 2015; 20:967-974
Parson HA, Tsimberidou AM, Pontikos M, Fu S, Hong D, Wen S, Baracos VE, Kurzrock R. Evaluation of the clinical relevance of body composition parameters in patients with cancer metastatic to the liver treated with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Nutr Cancer. 2012; 64:206-217
Prado CM, Baracos VE, McCargar LJ, Mourtzakis M, Mulder KE, Reiman T, Butts CA, Scarfe AG, Sawyer MB. Body composition as an independent determinant of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy toxicity. Clin Cancer Res. 2007; 13:3264-68
Ali R, Baracos VE, Sawyer MB, Bianchi L, Roberts S, Assenat E, Mollevi C, Senesse P. Lean body mass as an independent determinant of dose-limiting toxicity and neuropathy in patients with colon cancer treated with FOLFOX regimens. Cancer Med. 2016; 5:607-616
Sjøblom B, Grønberg BH, Benth JŠ, Baracos VE, Fløtten Ø, Hjermstad MJ, Aass N, Jordhøy M. Low muscle mass is associated with chemotherapy-induced haematological toxicity in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2015; 90:85-91
Tan BH, Brammer K, Randhawa N, Welch NT, Parsons SL, James EJ, Catton JA. Sarcopenia is associated with toxicity in patients undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for oesophago-gastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2015; 41:333-338
Tan BH, Birdsell LA, Martin L, Baracos VE, Fearon KC. Sarcopenia in an overweight or obese patient is an adverse prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2009; 15:6973-6979
Go SI, Park MJ, Song HN, Kim HG, Kang MH, Lee HR, Kim Y, Kim RB, Lee SI, Lee GW. Prognostic impact of sarcopenia in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016; 7:567-576
Choi Y, Oh DY, Kim TY, Lee KH, Han SW, Im SA, Kim TY, Bang YJ. Skeletal Muscle Depletion Predicts the Prognosis of Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Undergoing Palliative Chemotherapy, Independent of Body Mass Index. PLoS One. 2015; 10:e0139749
Stene GB, Helbostad JL, Amundsen T, Sørhaug S, Hjelde H, Kaasa S, Grønberg BH. Changes in skeletal muscle mass during palliative chemotherapy in patients with advanced lung cancer. Acta Oncol. 2015; 54:340-348
Srdic D, Plestina S, Sverko-Peternac A, Nikolac N, Simundic AM, Samarzija M. Cancer cachexia, sarcopenia and biochemical markers in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer-chemotherapy toxicity and prognostic value. Support Care Cancer. 2016; 24:4495-4502
Kumar A, Moynagh MR, Multinu F, Cliby WA, McGree ME, Weaver AL, Young PM, Bakkum-Gamez JN, Langstraat CL, Dowdy SC, Jatoi A, Mariani A. Muscle composition measured by CT scan is a measurable predictor of overall survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2016; 142:311-316
Ishihara H, Kondo T, Omae K, Takagi T, Iizuka J, Kobayashi H, Tanabe K. Sarcopenia and the Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score are Significant Predictors of Survival Among Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Who are Receiving First-Line Sunitinib Treatment. Target Oncol. 2016; 11:605-617
Go SI, Park MJ, Song HN, Kang MH, Park HJ, Jeon KN, Kim SH, Kim MJ, Kang JH, Lee GW. Sarcopenia and inflammation are independent predictors of survival in male patients newly diagnosed with small cell lung cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2016; 24:2075-2084
Kim EY, Kim YS, Park I, Ahn HK, Cho EK, Jeong YM. Prognostic Significance of CT-Determined Sarcopenia in Patients with Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2015; 10:1795-1799
Rutten IJ, van Dijk DP, Kruitwagen RF, Beets-Tan RG, Olde Damink SW, van Gorp T. The impact of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on outcomes of unresectable pancreatic cancer or distal cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Nutr. 2016; 35:1103-1109
Prado CM, Baracos VE, McCargar LJ, Reiman T, Mourtzakis M, Tonkin K, Mackey JR, Koski S, Pituskin E, Sawyer MB. Sarcopenia as a determinant of chemotherapy toxicity and time to tumor progression in metastatic breast cancer patients receiving capecitabine treatment. Clin Cancer Res. 2009; 15:2920-2926
Prado CM, Lima ISF, Baracos VE, Bies RR, McCargar LJ, Reiman T, Mackey JR, Kuzma M, Damaraju VL, Sawyer MB. An exploratory study of body composition as a determinant of epirubicin pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011; 67:93-101
Shachar SS, Deal AM, Weinberg M, Nyrop KA, Williams GR, Nishijima TF, Benbow JM, Muss HB. Skeletal Muscle Measures as Predictors of Toxicity, Hospitalization, and Survival in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving Taxane-Based Chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:658-665
Shachar SS, Deal AM, Weinberg M, Williams GR, Nyrop KA, Popuri K, Choi SK, Muss HB. Body Composition as a Predictor of Toxicity in Patients Receiving Anthracycline and Taxane-Based Chemotherapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3537-3543
Rier HN, Jager A, Sleijfer S, van Rosmalen J, Kock MC, Levin MD. Low muscle attenuation is a prognostic factor for survival in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with first line palliative chemotherapy. Breast 2017; 31:9-15
Deluche E, Leobon S, Desport JC, Venat-Bouvet L, Usseglio J, Tubiana-Mathieu N. Impact of body composition on outcome in patients with early breast cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2018; 26:861-868
Rutten IJ, van Dijk DP, Kruitwagen RF, Beets-Tan RG, Olde Damink SW, van Gorp T. Loss of skeletal muscle during neoadjuvant chemotherapy is related to decreased survival in ovarian cancer patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016; 7:458-466
Villaseñor A, Ballard-Barbash R, Baumgartner K, Baumgartner R, Bernstein L, McTiernan A, Neuhouser ML. Prevalence and prognostic effect of sarcopenia in breast cancer survivors: the HEAL Study. J Cancer Surviv. 2012; 6:398-406
Gyawali B, Shimokata T, Honda K, Kondoh C, Hayashi N, Yoshino Y, Sassa N, Nakano Y, Gotoh M, Ando Y. Muscle wasting associated with long term use of mTOR inhibitors. Mol Clin Oncol. 2016; 5:641-646
Sawyer M, Ratain MJ. Body surface area as a determinant of pharmacokinetics and drug dosing. Invest New Drugs. 2001; 19:171-177
Gusella M, Toso S, Ferrazzi M, Padrini R. Relationship between body composition parameters and fluorouracil pharmacokinetics. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 54:131-139
Basaria S, Wahlstrom JT, Dobs AS. Clinical review 138: anabolicandrogenic steroid therapy in the treatment of chronic diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 86:5108-5117
Lesser GJ, Case D, Ottery F, McQuellon R, Choksi JK, Sanders G, Rosdhal R, Shaw EG. A phase III randomized study comparing the effects of oxandrolone (Ox) and megestrol acetate (Meg) on lean body mass (LBM), weight (wt) and quality of life (QOL) inpatients withsolid tumors and weight loss receiving chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26:9513
Dobs AS, Boccia RV, Croot CC, Gabrail NY, Dalton JT, Hancock ML, Johnston MA, Steiner MS. Effects of enobosarm on muscle wasting and physical function in patients with cancer: a double-blind, randomised controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013; 14:335-345
Crawford J, Prado CM, Johnston MA, Gralla RJ, Taylor RP, Hancock ML, Dalton JT. Study Design and Rationale for the Phase 3 Clinical Development Program of Enobosarm, a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator, for the Prevention and Treatment of Muscle Wasting in Cancer Patients (POWER Trials). Curr Oncol Rep. 2016; 18:37
