2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
Steg PG, James SK, Atar D, Badano LP, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Borger MA, Di Mario C, Dickstein K, Ducrocq G, Fernandez-Aviles F, Gershlick AH, Giannuzzi P, Halvorsen S, Huber K, Juni P, Kastrati A, Knuuti J, Lenzen MJ, Mahaffey KW, Valgimigli M, van't Hof A, Widimsky P, Zahger D. ESC guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2569-2619.
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD, Katus HA, Apple FS, Lindahl B, Morrow DA, Chaitman BA, Clemmensen PM, Johanson P, Hod H, Underwood R, Bax JJ, Bonow RO, Pinto F, Gibbons RJ, Fox KA, Atar D, Newby LK, Galvani M, Hamm CW, Uretsky BF, Steg PG, Wijns W, Bassand JP, Menasche P, Ravkilde J, Ohman EM, Antman EM, Wallentin LC, Armstrong PW, Januzzi JL, Nieminen MS, Gheorghiade M, Filippatos G, Luepker RV, Fortmann SP, Rosamond WD, Levy D, Wood D, Smith SC, Hu D, Lopez-Sendon JL, Robertson RM, Weaver D, Tendera M, Bove AA, Parkhomenko AN, Vasilieva EJ, Mendis S. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2551-2567.
Roe MT, Harrington RA, Prosper DM, Pieper KS, Bhatt DL, Lincoff AM, Simoons ML, Akkerhuis M, Ohman EM, Kitt MM, Vahanian A, Ruzyllo W, Karsch K, Califf RM, Topol EJ. Clinical and therapeutic profile of patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes who do not have significant coronary artery disease. The Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable Angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy (PURSUIT) trial investigators. Circulation 2000;102:1101-1106.
Reynolds HR, Srichai MB, Iqbal SN, Slater JN, Mancini GB, Feit F, Pena-Sing I, Axel L, Attubato MJ, Yatskar L, Kalhorn RT, Wood DA, Lobach IV, Hochman JS. Mechanisms of myocardial infarction in women without angiographically obstructive coronary artery disease. Circulation 2011;124:1414-1425.
Larsen AI, Galbraith PD, Ghali WA, Norris CM, Graham MM, Knudtson ML. Characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol 2005;95:261-263.
Thygesen K, Mair J, Giannitsis E, Mueller C, Lindahl B, Blankenberg S, Huber K, Plebani M, Biasucci LM, Tubaro M, Collinson P, Venge P, Hasin Y, Galvani M, Koenig W, Hamm C, Alpert JS, Katus H, Jaffe AS. How to use high-sensitivity cardiac troponins in acute cardiac care. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2252-2257.
Braunwald E, Morrow DA. Unstable angina: is it time for a requiem? Circulation 2013;127:2452-2457.
Mueller C. Biomarkers and acute coronary syndromes: an update. Eur Heart J 2014;35:552-556.
Reichlin T, Twerenbold R, Maushart C, Reiter M, Moehring B, Schaub N, Balmelli C, Rubini Gimenez M, Hoeller R, Sakarikos K, Drexler B, Haaf P, Osswald S, Mueller C. Risk stratification in patients with unstable angina using absolute serial changes of 3 high-sensitive troponin assays. Am Heart J 2013;165:371-378, e373.
Reichlin T, Twerenbold R, Reiter M, Steuer S, Bassetti S, Balmelli C, Winkler K, Kurz S, Stelzig C, Freese M, Drexler B, Haaf P, Zellweger C, Osswald S, Mueller C. Introduction of high-sensitivity troponin assays: impact on myocardial infarction incidence and prognosis. Am J Med 2012;125:1205-1213, e1201.
Morrow DA, Cannon CP, Rifai N, Frey MJ, Vicari R, Lakkis N, Robertson DH, Hille DA, De Lucca PT, Di Battiste PM, Demopoulos LA, Weintraub WS, Braunwald E. Ability of minor elevations of troponins I and T to predict benefit from an early invasive strategy in patients with unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: results from a randomized trial. JAMA 2001;286:2405-2412.
Bugiardini R, Manfrini O, De Ferrari GM. Unanswered questions for management of acute coronary syndrome: risk stratification of patients with minimal disease or normal findings on coronary angiography. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1391-1395.
Wallentin L, Lindholm D, Siegbahn A, Wernroth L, Becker RC, Cannon CP, Cornel JH, Himmelmann A, Giannitsis E, Harrington RA, Held C, Husted S, Katus HA, Mahaffey KW, Steg PG, Storey RF, James SK. Biomarkers in relation to the effects of ticagrelor in comparison with clopidogrel in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients managed with or without in-hospital revascularization: a substudy from the Prospective Randomized Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Circulation 2014;129:293-303.
Libby P. Mechanisms of acute coronary syndromes and their implications for therapy. N Engl J Med 2013;368:2004-2013.
Badimon L, Padro T, Vilahur G. Atherosclerosis, platelets and thrombosis in acute ischaemic heart disease. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2012;1:60-74.
Davi G, Patrono C. Platelet activation and atherothrombosis. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2482-2494.
McManus DD, Gore J, Yarzebski J, Spencer F, Lessard D, Goldberg RJ. Recent trends in the incidence, treatment, and outcomes of patients with STEMI and NSTEMI. Am J Med 2011;124:40-47.
Savonitto S, Ardissino D, Granger CB, Morando G, Prando MD, Mafrici A, Cavallini C, Melandri G, Thompson TD, Vahanian A, Ohman EM, Califf RM, Van de Werf F, Topol EJ. Prognostic value of the admission electrocardiogram in acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 1999;281:707-713.
Mandelzweig L, Battler A, Boyko V, Bueno H, Danchin N, Filippatos G, Gitt A, Hasdai D, Hasin Y, Marrugat J, Van de Werf F, Wallentin L, Behar S. The Second Euro Heart Survey on Acute Coronary Syndromes: characteristics, treatment, and outcome of patients with ACS in Europe and the Mediterranean basin in 2004. Eur Heart J 2006;27:2285-2293.
Terkelsen CJ, Lassen JF, Norgaard BL, Gerdes JC, Jensen T, Gotzsche LB, Nielsen TT, Andersen HR. Mortality rates in patients with ST-elevation vs. non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction: observations from an unselected cohort. Eur Heart J 2005;26:18-26.
Campeau L. Letter: grading of angina pectoris. Circulation 1976;54:522-523.
Canto JG, Fincher C, Kiefe CI, Allison JJ, Li Q, Funkhouser E, Centor RM, Selker HP, Weissman NW. Atypical presentations among Medicare beneficiaries with unstable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 2002;90:248-253.
Mackay MH, Ratner PA, Johnson JL, Humphries KH, Buller CE. Gender differences in symptoms of myocardial ischaemia. Eur Heart J 2011;32:3107-3114.
Rubini Gimenez M, Reiter M, Twerenbold R, Reichlin T, Wildi K, Haaf P, Wicki K, Zellweger C, Hoeller R, Moehring B, Sou SM, Mueller M, Denhaerynck K, Meller B, Stallone F, Henseler S, Bassetti S, Geigy N, Osswald S, Mueller C. Sexspecific chest pain characteristics in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:241-249.
Persson A, Hartford M, Herlitz J, Karlsson T, Omland T, Caidahl K. Long-term prognostic value of mitral regurgitation in acute coronary syndromes. Heart 2010;96:1803-1808.
Grani C, Senn O, Bischof M, Cippa PE, Hauffe T, Zimmerli L, Battegay E, Franzen D. Diagnostic performance of reproducible chest wall tenderness to rule out acute coronary syndrome in acute chest pain: a prospective diagnostic study. BMJ Open 2015;5:e007442
Devon HA, Rosenfeld A, Steffen AD, Daya M. Sensitivity, specificity, and sex differences in symptoms reported on the 13-item acute coronary syndrome checklist. J Am Heart Assoc 2014;3:e000586
Diercks DB, Peacock WF, Hiestand BC, Chen AY, Pollack CV Jr, Kirk JD, Smith SC Jr, Gibler WB, Ohman EM, Blomkalns AL, Newby LK, Hochman JS, Peterson ED, Roe MT. Frequency and consequences of recording an electrocardiogram. 10 minutes after arrival in an emergency room in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (from the CRUSADE initiative). Am J Cardiol 2006;97:437-442.
Okamatsu K, Takano M, Sakai S, Ishibashi F, Uemura R, Takano T, Mizuno K. Elevated troponin T levels and lesion characteristics in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2004;109:465-470.
Reichlin T, Hochholzer W, Bassetti S, Steuer S, Stelzig C, Hartwiger S, Biedert S, Schaub N, Buerge C, Potocki M, Noveanu M, Breidthardt T, Twerenbold R, Winkler K, Bingisser R, Mueller C. Early diagnosis of myocardial infarction with sensitive cardiac troponin assays. N Engl J Med 2009;361:858-867.
Keller T, Zeller T, Peetz D, Tzikas S, Roth A, Czyz E, Bickel C, Baldus S, Warnholtz A, Frohlich M, Sinning CR, Eleftheriadis MS, Wild PS, Schnabel RB, Lubos E, Jachmann N, Genth-Zotz S, Post F, Nicaud V, Tiret L, Lackner KJ, Munzel TF, Blankenberg S. Sensitive troponin I assay in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2009;361:868-877.
Keller T, Zeller T, Ojeda F, Tzikas S, Lillpopp L, Sinning C, Wild P, Genth-Zotz S, Warnholtz A, Giannitsis E, Mockel M, Bickel C, Peetz D, Lackner K, Baldus S, Munzel T, Blankenberg S. Serial changes in highly sensitive troponin I assay and early diagnosis of myocardial infarction. JAMA 2011;306:2684-2693.
Giannitsis E, Becker M, Kurz K, Hess G, Zdunek D, Katus HA. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T for early prediction of evolving non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and negative troponin results on admission. Clin Chem 2010;56:642-650.
Haaf P, Drexler B, Reichlin T, Twerenbold R, Reiter M, Meissner J, Schaub N, Stelzig C, Freese M, Heinzelmann A, Meune C, Balmelli C, Freidank H, Winkler K, Denhaerynck K, Hochholzer W, Osswald S, Mueller C. Highsensitivity cardiac troponin in the distinction of acute myocardial infarction from acute cardiac noncoronary artery disease. Circulation 2012;126:31-40.
Apple FS. A new season for cardiac troponin assays: it's time to keep a scorecard. Clin Chem 2009;55:1303-1306.
Rubini Gimenez M, Hoeller R, Reichlin T, Zellweger C, Twerenbold R, Reiter M, Moehring B, Wildi K, Mosimann T, Mueller M, Meller B, Hochgruber T, Ziller R, Sou SM, Murray K, Sakarikos K, Ernst S, Gea J, Campodarve I, Vilaplana C, Haaf P, Steuer S, Minners J, Osswald S, Mueller C. Rapid rule out of acute myocardial infarction using undetectable levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin. Int J Cardiol 2013;168:3896-3901.
Agewall S, Giannitsis E, Jernberg T, Katus H. Troponin elevation in coronary vs. non-coronary disease. Eur Heart J 2011;32:404-411.
Goodacre SW, Bradburn M, Cross E, Collinson P, Gray A, Hall AS. The Randomised Assessment of Treatment Using Panel Assay of Cardiac Markers (RATPAC) trial: a randomised controlled trial of point-of-care cardiac markers in the emergency department. Heart 2011;97:190-196.
Reichlin T, Schindler C, Drexler B, Twerenbold R, Reiter M, Zellweger C, Moehring B, Ziller R, Hoeller R, Rubini Gimenez M, Haaf P, Potocki M, Wildi K, Balmelli C, Freese M, Stelzig C, Freidank H, Osswald S, Mueller C. One-hour ruleout and rule-in of acute myocardial infarction using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T. Arch Intern Med 2012;172:1211-1218.
Reichlin T, Irfan A, Twerenbold R, Reiter M, Hochholzer W, Burkhalter H, Bassetti S, Steuer S, Winkler K, Peter F, Meissner J, Haaf P, Potocki M, Drexler B, Osswald S, Mueller C. Utility of absolute and relative changes in cardiac troponin concentrations in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2011;124:136-145.
Irfan A, Twerenbold R, Reiter M, Reichlin T, Stelzig C, Freese M, Haaf P, Hochholzer W, Steuer S, Bassetti S, Zellweger C, Freidank H, Peter F, Campodarve I, Meune C, Mueller C. Determinants of high-sensitivity troponin T among patients with a noncardiac cause of chest pain. Am J Med 2012;125:491-498, e491.
Konstantinides SV, Torbicki A, Agnelli G, Danchin N, Fitzmaurice D, Galie N, Gibbs JS, Huisman MV, Humbert M, Kucher N, Lang I, Lankeit M, Lekakis J, Maack C, Mayer E, Meneveau N, Perrier A, Pruszczyk P, Rasmussen LH, Schindler TH, Svitil P, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Zamorano JL, Zompatori M. 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J 2014;35:3033-3069, 3069a-3069k.
Erbel R, Aboyans V, Boileau C, Bossone E, Bartolomeo RD, Eggebrecht H, Evangelista A, Falk V, Frank H, Gaemperli O, Grabenwoger M, Haverich A, Iung B, Manolis AJ, Meijboom F, Nienaber CA, Roffi M, Rousseau H, Sechtem U, Sirnes PA, Allmen RS, Vrints CJ. 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2014;35:2873-2926.
Reichlin T, Hochholzer W, Stelzig C, Laule K, Freidank H, Morgenthaler NG, Bergmann A, Potocki M, Noveanu M, Breidthardt T, Christ A, Boldanova T, Merki R, Schaub N, Bingisser R, Christ M, Mueller C. Incremental value of copeptin for rapid rule out of acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:60-68.
Keller T, Tzikas S, Zeller T, Czyz E, Lillpopp L, Ojeda FM, Roth A, Bickel C, Baldus S, Sinning CR, Wild PS, Lubos E, Peetz D, Kunde J, Hartmann O, Bergmann A, Post F, Lackner KJ, Genth-Zotz S, Nicaud V, Tiret L, Munzel TF, Blankenberg S. Copeptin improves early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:2096-2106.
Raskovalova T, Twerenbold R, Collinson PO, Keller T, Bouvaist H, Folli C, Giavarina D, Lotze U, Eggers KM, Dupuy AM, Chenevier-Gobeaux C, Meune C, Maisel A, Mueller C, Labarere J. Diagnostic accuracy of combined cardiac troponin and copeptin assessment for early rule-out of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2014;3:18-27.
Lipinski MJ, Escarcega RO, D'Ascenzo F, Magalhaes MA, Baker NC, Torguson R, Chen F, Epstein SE, Miro O, Llorens P, Giannitsis E, Lotze U, Lefebvre S, Sebbane M, Cristol JP, Chenevier-Gobeaux C, Meune C, Eggers KM, Charpentier S, Twerenbold R, Mueller C, Biondi-Zoccai G, Waksman R. A systematic review and collaborative meta-Analysis to determine the incremental value of copeptin for rapid rule-out of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2014;113:1581-1591.
Mockel M, Searle J, Hamm C, Slagman A, Blankenberg S, Huber K, Katus H, Liebetrau C, Muller C, Muller R, Peitsmeyer P, von Recum J, Tajsic M, Vollert JO, Giannitsis E. Early discharge using single cardiac troponin and copeptin testing in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS): a randomized, controlled clinical process study. Eur Heart J 2015;36:369-376.
Maisel A, Mueller C, Neath SX, Christenson RH, Morgenthaler NG, McCord J, Nowak RM, Vilke G, Daniels LB, Hollander JE, Apple FS, Cannon C, Nagurney JT, Schreiber D, de Filippi C, Hogan C, Diercks DB, Stein JC, Headden G, Limkakeng AT Jr, Anand I, Wu AH, Papassotiriou J, Hartmann O, Ebmeyer S, Clopton P, Jaffe AS, Peacock WF. Copeptin helps in the early detection of patients with acute myocardial infarction: primary results of the CHOPIN trial (Copeptin Helps in the early detection Of Patients with acute myocardial INfarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:150-160.
Balmelli C, Meune C, Twerenbold R, Reichlin T, Rieder S, Drexler B, Rubini MG, Mosimann T, Reiter M, Haaf P, Mueller M, Ernst S, Ballarino P, Alafify AA, Zellweger C, Wildi K, Moehring B, Vilaplana C, Bernhard D, Merk S, Ebmeyer S, Freidank H, Osswald S, Mueller C. Comparison of the performances of cardiac troponins, including sensitive assays, and copeptin in the diagnostic of acute myocardial infarction and long-term prognosis between women and men. Am Heart J 2013;166:30-37.
Body R, Carley S, McDowell G, Jaffe AS, France M, Cruickshank K, Wibberley C, Nuttall M, Mackway-Jones K. Rapid exclusion of acute myocardial infarction in patients with undetectable troponin using a high-sensitivity assay. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:1332-1339.
Bandstein N, Ljung R, Johansson M, Holzmann MJ. Undetectable high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T level in the emergency department and risk of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:2569-2578.
Zhelev Z, Hyde C, Youngman E, Rogers M, Fleming S, Slade T, Coelho H, Jones-Hughes T, Nikolaou V. Diagnostic accuracy of single baseline measurement of Elecsys troponin T high-sensitive assay for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in emergency department: systematic review and meta-Analysis. BMJ 2015;350:h15.
Reichlin T, Twerenbold R, Wildi K, Gimenez MR, Bergsma N, Haaf P, Druey S, Puelacher C, Moehring B, Freese M, Stelzig C, Krivoshei L, Hillinger P, Jager C, Herrmann T, Kreutzinger P, Radosavac M, Weidmann ZM, Pershyna K, Honegger U, Wagener M, Vuillomenet T, Campodarve I, Bingisser R, Miro O, Rentsch K, Bassetti S, Osswald S, Mueller C. Prospective validation of a 1-hour algorithm to rule-out and rule-in acute myocardial infarction using a highsensitivity cardiac troponin T assay. CMAJ 2015;187:E243-E252.
Rubini Gimenez M, Twerenbold R, Jaeger C, Schindler C, Puelacher C, Wildi K, Reichlin T, Haaf P, Merk S, Honegger U, Wagener M, Druey S, Schumacher C, Krivoshei L, Hillinger P, Herrmann T, Campodarve I, Rentsch K, Bassetti S, Osswald S, Mueller C. One-hour rule-in and rule-out of acute myocardial infarction using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I. Am J Med 2015;128:861-870.e4.
Than M, Cullen L, Reid CM, Lim SH, Aldous S, Ardagh MW, Peacock WF, Parsonage WA, Ho HF, Ko HF, Kasliwal RR, Bansal M, Soerianata S, Hu D, Ding R, Hua Q, Seok-Min K, Sritara P, Sae-Lee R, Chiu TF, Tsai KC, Chu FY, Chen WK, Chang WH, Flaws DF, George PM, Richards AM. A 2-h diagnostic protocol to assess patients with chest pain symptoms in the Asia-Pacific region (ASPECT): a prospective observational validation study. Lancet 2011;377:1077-1084.
Than M, Cullen L, Aldous S, Parsonage WA, Reid CM, Greenslade J, Flaws D, Hammett CJ, Beam DM, Ardagh MW, Troughton R, Brown AF, George P, Florkowski CM, Kline JA, Peacock WF, Maisel AS, Lim SH, Lamanna A, Richards AM. 2-hour accelerated diagnostic protocol to assess patients with chest pain symptoms using contemporary troponins as the only biomarker: the ADAPT trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:2091-2098.
Cullen L, Mueller C, Parsonage WA, Wildi K, Greenslade JH, Twerenbold R, Aldous S, Meller B, Tate JR, Reichlin T, Hammett CJ, Zellweger C, Ungerer JP, Rubini Gimene M, Troughton R, Murray K, Brown AF, Mueller M, George P, Mosimann T, Flaws DF, Reiter M, Lamanna A, Haaf P, Pemberton CJ, Richards AM, Chu K, Reid CM, Peacock WF, Jaffe AS, Florkowski C, Deely JM, Than M. Validation of high-sensitivity troponin I in a 2-hour diagnostic strategy to assess 30-day outcomes in emergency department patients with possible acute coronary syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:1242-1249.
Twerenbold R, Wildi K, Jaeger C, Gimenez MR, Reiter M, Reichlin T, Walukiewicz A, Gugala M, Krivoshei L, Marti N, Moreno Weidmann Z, Hillinger P, Puelacher C, Rentsch K, Honegger U, Schumacher C, Zurbriggen F, Freese M, Stelzig C, Campodarve I, Bassetti S, Osswald S, Mueller C. Optimal cutoff levels of more sensitive cardiac troponin assays for the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patients with renal dysfunction. Circulation 2015;131:2041-2050.
Tong KL, Kaul S, Wang XQ, Rinkevich D, Kalvaitis S, Belcik T, Lepper W, Foster WA, Wei K. Myocardial contrast echocardiography versus thrombolysis in myocardial infarction score in patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain and a nondiagnostic electrocardiogram. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:920-927.
Grenne B, Eek C, Sjoli B, Dahlslett T, Uchto M, Hol PK, Skulstad H, Smiseth OA, Edvardsen T, Brunvand H. Acute coronary occlusion in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: outcome and early identification by strain echocardiography. Heart 2010;96:1550-1556.
Lancellotti P, Price S, Edvardsen T, Cosyns B, Neskovic AN, Dulgheru R, Flachskampf FA, Hassager C, Pasquet A, Gargani L, Galderisi M, Cardim N, Haugaa KH, Ancion A, Zamorano JL, Donal E, Bueno H, Habib G. The use of echocardiography in acute cardiovascular care: recommendations of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2015;4:3-5.
Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S, Andreotti F, Arden C, Budaj A, Bugiardini R, Crea F, Cuisset T, Di Mario C, Ferreira JR, Gersh BJ, Gitt AK, Hulot JS, Marx N, Opie LH, Pfisterer M, Prescott E, Ruschitzka F, Sabate M, Senior R, Taggart DP, van der Wall EE, Vrints CJ, Zamorano JL, Baumgartner H, Bax JJ, Bueno H, Dean V, Deaton C, Erol C, Fagard R, Ferrari R, Hasdai D, Hoes AW, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, Lancellotti P, Linhart A, Nihoyannopoulos P, Piepoli MF, Ponikowski P, Sirnes PA, Tamargo JL, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Wijns W, Windecker S, Valgimigli M, Claeys MJ, Donner-Banzhoff N, Frank H, Funck-Brentano C, Gaemperli O, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Hamilos M, Husted S, James SK, Kervinen K, Kristensen SD, Maggioni AP, Pries AR, Romeo F, Ryden L, Simoons ML, Steg PG, Timmis A, Yildirir A. 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2013;34:2949-3003.
Shah BN, Balaji G, Alhajiri A, Ramzy IS, Ahmadvazir S, Senior R. Incremental diagnostic and prognostic value of contemporary stress echocardiography in a chest pain unit: mortality and morbidity outcomes from a real-world setting. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;6:202-209.
Sicari R, Nihoyannopoulos P, Evangelista A, Kasprzak J, Lancellotti P, Poldermans D, Voigt JU, Zamorano JL. Stress echocardiography expert consensus statement-executive summary: European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) (a registered branch of the ESC). Eur Heart J 2009;30:278-289.
Gaibazzi N, Reverberi C, Badano L. Usefulness of contrast stress-echocardiography or exercise-electrocardiography to predict long-term acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting with chest pain without electrocardiographic abnormalities or 12-hour troponin elevation. Am J Cardiol 2011;107:161-167.
Gaibazzi N, Squeri A, Reverberi C, Molinaro S, Lorenzoni V, Sartorio D, Senior R. Contrast stress-echocardiography predicts cardiac events in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome but nondiagnostic electrocardiogram and normal 12-hour troponin. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011;24:1333-1341.
Ingkanisorn WP, Kwong RY, Bohme NS, Geller NL, Rhoads KL, Dyke CK, Paterson DI, Syed MA, Aletras AH, Arai AE. Prognosis of negative adenosine stress magnetic resonance in patients presenting to an emergency department with chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1427-1432.
Kwong RY, Schussheim AE, Rekhraj S, Aletras AH, Geller N, Davis J, Christian TF, Balaban RS, Arai AE. Detecting acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2003;107:531-537.
Cury RC, Shash K, Nagurney JT, Rosito G, Shapiro MD, Nomura CH, Abbara S, Bamberg F, Ferencik M, Schmidt EJ, Brown DF, Hoffmann U, Brady TJ. Cardiac magnetic resonance with T2-weighted imaging improves detection of patients with acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department. Circulation 2008;118:837-844.
Lockie T, Nagel E, Redwood S, Plein S. Use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2009;119:1671-1681.
Udelson JE, Beshansky JR, Ballin DS, Feldman JA, Griffith JL, Handler J, Heller GV, Hendel RC, Pope JH, Ruthazer R, Spiegler EJ, Woolard RH, Selker HP. Myocardial perfusion imaging for evaluation and triage of patients with suspected acute cardiac ischemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:2693-2700.
Lim SH, Anantharaman V, Sundram F, Chan ES, Ang ES, Yo SL, Jacob E, Goh A, Tan SB, Chua T. Stress myocardial perfusion imaging for the evaluation and triage of chest pain in the emergency department: a randomized controlled trial. J Nucl Cardiol 2013;20:1002-1012.
Nabi F, Chang SM, Xu J, Gigliotti E, Mahmarian JJ. Assessing risk in acute chest pain: the value of stress myocardial perfusion imaging in patients admitted through the emergency department. J Nucl Cardiol 2012;19:233-243.
Samad Z, Hakeem A, Mahmood SS, Pieper K, Patel MR, Simel DL, Douglas PS. A meta-Analysis and systematic review of computed tomography angiography as a diagnostic triage tool for patients with chest pain presenting to the emergency department. J Nucl Cardiol 2012;19:364-376.
Goldstein JA, Gallagher MJ, O'Neill WW, Ross MA, O'Neil BJ, Raff GL. A randomized controlled trial of multi-slice coronary computed tomography for evaluation of acute chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:863-871.
Goldstein JA, Chinnaiyan KM, Abidov A, Achenbach S, Berman DS, Hayes SW, Hoffmann U, Lesser JR, Mikati IA, O'Neil BJ, Shaw LJ, Shen MY, Valeti US, Raff GL. The CT-STAT (coronary computed tomographic angiography for systematic triage of acute chest pain patients to treatment) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:1414-1422.
Hoffmann U, Truong QA, Schoenfeld DA, Chou ET, Woodard PK, Nagurney JT, Pope JH, Hauser TH, White CS, Weiner SG, Kalanjian S, Mullins ME, Mikati I, Peacock WF, Zakroysky P, Hayden D, Goehler A, Lee H, Gazelle GS, Wiviott SD, Fleg JL, Udelson JE. Coronary CT angiography versus standard evaluation in acute chest pain. N Engl J Med 2012;367:299-308.
Litt HI, Gatsonis C, Snyder B, Singh H, Miller CD, Entrikin DW, Leaming JM, Gavin LJ, Pacella CB, Hollander JE. CT angiography for safe discharge of patients with possible acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1393-1403.
Hulten E, Pickett C, Bittencourt MS, Villines TC, Petrillo S, Di Carli MF, Blankstein R. Outcomes after coronary computed tomography angiography in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-Analysis of randomized, controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:880-892.
Ayaram D, Bellolio MF, Murad MH, Laack TA, Sadosty AT, Erwin PJ, Hollander JE, Montori VM, Stiell IG, Hess EP. Triple rule-out computed tomographic angiography for chest pain: a diagnostic systematic review and meta-Analysis. Acad Emerg Med 2013;20:861-871.
Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ, McCabe CH, Horacek T, Papuchis G, Mautner B, Corbalan R, Radley D, Braunwald E. The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI: a method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making. JAMA 2000;284:835-842.
Granger CB, Goldberg RJ, Dabbous O, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Cannon CP, Van de Werf F, Avezum A, Goodman SG, Flather MD, Fox KA. Predictors of hospital mortality in the global registry of acute coronary events. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2345-2353.
Fox KA, Dabbous OH, Goldberg RJ, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Van de Werf F, Avezum A, Goodman SG, Flather MD, Anderson FA Jr, Granger CB. Prediction of risk of death and myocardial infarction in the six months after presentation with acute coronary syndrome: prospective multinational observational study (GRACE). BMJ 2006;333:1091.
Kaul P, Fu Y, Chang WC, Harrington RA, Wagner GS, Goodman SG, Granger CB, Moliterno DJ, Van de Werf F, Califf RM, Topol EJ, Armstrong PW. Prognostic value of ST segment depression in acute coronary syndromes: insights from PARAGON-A applied to GUSTO-IIB. PARAGON-A and GUSTO IIB Investigators. Platelet IIB/IIIA antagonism for the reduction of acute global organization network. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:64-71.
Mueller C, Neumann FJ, Perach W, Perruchoud AP, Buettner HJ. Prognostic value of the admission electrocardiogram in patients with unstable angina/non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with very early revascularization. Am J Med 2004;117:145-150.
Holmvang L, Clemmensen P, Lindahl B, Lagerqvist B, Venge P, Wagner G, Wallentin L, Grande P. Quantitative analysis of the admission electrocardiogram identifies patients with unstable coronary artery disease who benefit the most from early invasive treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:905-915.
Tan NS, Goodman SG, Yan RT, Elbarouni B, Budaj A, Fox KA, Gore JM, Brieger D, Lopez-Sendon J, Langer A, van de Werf F, Steg PG, Yan AT. Comparative prognostic value of T-wave inversion and ST-segment depression on the admission electrocardiogram in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J 2013;166:290-297.
Rubini Gimenez M, Twerenbold R, Reichlin T, Wildi K, Haaf P, Schaefer M, Zellweger C, Moehring B, Stallone F, Sou SM, Mueller M, Denhaerynck K, Mosimann T, Reiter M, Meller B, Freese M, Stelzig C, Klimmeck I, Voegele J, Hartmann B, Rentsch K, Osswald S, Mueller C. Direct comparison of high-sensitivity-cardiac troponin I vs. T for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2014;35:2303-2311.
Haaf P, Reichlin T, Twerenbold R, Hoeller R, Rubini Gimenez M, Zellweger C, Moehring B, Fischer C, Meller B, Wildi K, Freese M, Stelzig C, Mosimann T, Reiter M, Mueller M, Hochgruber T, Sou SM, Murray K, Minners J, Freidank H, Osswald S, Mueller C. Risk stratification in patients with acute chest pain using three high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays. Eur Heart J 2014;35:365-375.
Thygesen K, Mair J, Mueller C, Huber K, Weber M, Plebani M, Hasin Y, Biasucci LM, Giannitsis E, Lindahl B, Koenig W, Tubaro M, Collinson P, Katus H, Galvani M, Venge P, Alpert JS, Hamm C, Jaffe AS. Recommendations for the use of natriuretic peptides in acute cardiac care: a position statement from the study group on biomarkers in cardiology of the ESC working group on acute cardiac care. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2001-2006.
Aragam KG, Tamhane UU, Kline-Rogers E, Li J, Fox KA, Goodman SG, Eagle KA, Gurm HS. Does simplicity compromise accuracy in ACS risk prediction? A retrospective analysis of the TIMI and GRACE risk scores. PLoS One 2009;4:e7947.
de Araujo Goncalves P, Ferreira J, Aguiar C, Seabra-Gomes R. TIMI, PURSUIT, and GRACE risk scores: sustained prognostic value and interaction with revascularization in NSTE-ACS. Eur Heart J 2005;26:865-872.
Fox KA, Fitzgerald G, Puymirat E, Huang W, Carruthers K, Simon T, Coste P, Monsegu J, Gabriel Steg P, Danchin N, Anderson F. Should patients with acute coronary disease be stratified for management according to their risk? Derivation, external validation and outcomes using the updated GRACE risk score. BMJ Open 2014;4:e004425.
Fox KA, Anderson FA Jr, Dabbous OH, Steg PG, Lopez-Sendon J, Van de Werf F, Budaj A, Gurfinkel EP, Goodman SG, Brieger D. Intervention in acute coronary syndromes: do patients undergo intervention on the basis of their risk characteristics? The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Heart 2007;93:177-182.
Bawamia B, Mehran R, Qiu W, Kunadian V. Risk scores in acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous coronary intervention: a review. Am Heart J 2013;165:441-450.
Scirica BM. Acute coronary syndrome: emerging tools for diagnosis and risk assessment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:1403-1415.
Chang WC, Boersma E, Granger CB, Harrington RA, Califf RM, Simoons ML, Kleiman NS, Armstrong PW. Dynamic prognostication in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: insights from GUSTO-IIB and PURSUIT. Am Heart J 2004;148:62-71.
Rahimi K, Watzlawek S, Thiele H, Secknus MA, Hayerizadeh BF, Niebauer J, Schuler G. Incidence, time course, and predictors of early malignant ventricular arrhythmias after non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with early invasive treatment. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1706-1711.
Piccini JP, White JA, Mehta RH, Lokhnygina Y, Al-Khatib SM, Tricoci P, Pollack CV Jr, Montalescot G, Van de Werf F, Gibson CM, Giugliano RP, Califf RM, Harrington RA, Newby LK. Sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation complicating non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2012;126:41-49.
Drew BJ, Califf RM, Funk M, Kaufman ES, Krucoff MW, Laks MM, Macfarlane PW, Sommargren C, Swiryn S, Van Hare GF. Practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the councils on cardiovascular nursing, clinical cardiology, and cardiovascular disease in the young: endorsed by the International Society of Computerized Electrocardiology and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. Circulation 2004;110:2721-2746.
Dressler R, Dryer MM, Coletti C, Mahoney D, Doorey AJ. Altering overuse of cardiac telemetry in non-intensive care unit settings by hardwiring the use of American Heart Association guidelines. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:1852-1854.
Fox KA, Anderson FA Jr, Goodman SG, Steg PG, Pieper K, Quill A, Gore JM. Time course of events in acute coronary syndromes: implications for clinical practice from the grace registry. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2008;5:580-589.
Mehran R, Pocock SJ, Nikolsky E, Clayton T, Dangas GD, Kirtane AJ, Parise H, Fahy M, Manoukian SV, Feit F, Ohman ME, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G, Lansky AJ, Stone GW. A risk score to predict bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:2556-2566.
Steg PG, Huber K, Andreotti F, Arnesen H, Atar D, Badimon L, Bassand JP, De Caterina R, Eikelboom JA, Gulba D, Hamon M, Helft G, Fox KA, Kristensen SD, Rao SV, Verheugt FW, Widimsky P, Zeymer U, Collet JP. Bleeding in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary interventions: position paper by the working group on thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2011;32:1854-1864.
Subherwal S, Bach RG, Chen AY, Gage BF, Rao SV, Newby LK, Wang TY, Gibler WB, Ohman EM, Roe MT, Pollack CV Jr, Peterson ED, Alexander KP. Baseline risk of major bleeding in non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: the CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines) bleeding score. Circulation 2009;119:1873-1882.
Abu-Assi E, Raposeiras-Roubin S, Lear P, Cabanas-Grandio P, Girondo M, Rodriguez-Cordero M, Pereira-Lopez E, Romani SG, Gonzalez-Cambeiro C, Alvarez-Alvarez B, Garcia-Acuna JM, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR. Comparing the predictive validity of three contemporary bleeding risk scores in acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2012;1:222-231.
Weber M, Bazzino O, Navarro Estrada JL, de Miguel R, Salzberg S, Fuselli JJ, Liebetrau C, Woelken M, Moellmann H, Nef H, Hamm C. Improved diagnostic and prognostic performance of a new high-sensitive troponin T assay in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J 2011;162:81-88.
Akkerhuis KM, Klootwijk PA, Lindeboom W, Umans VA, Meij S, Kint PP, Simoons ML. Recurrent ischaemia during continuous multilead ST-segment monitoring identifies patients with acute coronary syndromes at high risk of adverse cardiac events; meta-Analysis of three studies involving 995 patients. Eur Heart J 2001;22:1997-2006.
Hamm CW, Goldmann BU, Heeschen C, Kreymann G, Berger J, Meinertz T. Emergency room triage of patients with acute chest pain by means of rapid testing for cardiac troponin T or troponin I. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1648-1653.
Antman EM, Tanasijevic MJ, Thompson B, Schactman M, McCabe CH, Cannon CP, Fischer GA, Fung AY, Thompson C, Wybenga D, Braunwald E. Cardiac-specific troponin I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1342-1349.
Scirica BM, Morrow DA, Budaj A, Dalby AJ, Mohanavelu S, Qin J, Aroesty J, Hedgepeth CM, Stone PH, Braunwald E. Ischemia detected on continuous electrocardiography after acute coronary syndrome: observations from the MERLINTIMI 36 (metabolic efficiency with ranolazine for less ischemia in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome-thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 36) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:1411-1421.
Nyman I, Wallentin L, Areskog M, Areskog NH, Swahn E. Risk stratification by early exercise testing after an episode of unstable coronary artery disease. The RISC study group. Int J Cardiol 1993;39:131-142.
Amsterdam EA, Kirk JD, Diercks DB, Lewis WR, Turnipseed SD. Immediate exercise testing to evaluate low-risk patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:251-256.
Stub D, Smith K, Bernard S, Nehme Z, Stephenson M, Bray JE, Cameron P, Barger B, Ellims AH, Taylor AJ, Meredith IT, Kaye DM. Air versus oxygen in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation 2015;131:2143-2150.
Borzak S, Cannon CP, Kraft PL, Douthat L, Becker RC, Palmeri ST, Henry T, Hochman JS, Fuchs J, Antman EM, McCabe C, Braunwald E. Effects of prior aspirin and anti-ischemic therapy on outcome of patients with unstable angina. TIMI 7 Investigators. Thrombin inhibition in myocardial ischemia. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:678-681.
Schwartz BG, Kloner RA. Drug interactions with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction or pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2010;122:88-95.
Yusuf S, Wittes J, Friedman L. Overview of results of randomized clinical trials in heart disease. I. Treatments following myocardial infarction. JAMA 1988;260:2088-2093.
Chatterjee S, Chaudhuri D, Vedanthan R, Fuster V, Ibanez B, Bangalore S, Mukherjee D. Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with acute coronary syndrome-A meta-Analysis of randomized trials. Int J Cardiol 2013;168:915-921.
Kontos MC, Diercks DB, Ho PM, Wang TY, Chen AY, Roe MT. Treatment and outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction treated with acute beta-blocker therapy: results from the American College of Cardiology's NCDRw. Am Heart J 2011;161:864-870.
Theroux P, Taeymans Y, Morissette D, Bosch X, Pelletier GB, Waters DD. A randomized study comparing propranolol and diltiazem in the treatment of unstable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;5:717-722.
Parodi O, Simonetti I, Michelassi C, Carpeggiani C, Biagini A, L'Abbate A, Maseri A. Comparison of verapamil and propranolol therapy for angina pectoris at rest: a randomized, multiple-crossover, controlled trial in the coronary care unit. Am J Cardiol 1986;57:899-906.
Lubsen J, Tijssen JG. Efficacy of nifedipine and metoprolol in the early treatment of unstable angina in the coronary care unit: findings from the Holland Interuniversity Nifedipine/Metoprolol Trial (HINT). Am J Cardiol 1987;60:18A-25A.
Hansen JF. Treatment with verapamil after an acute myocardial infarction. Review of the Danish Studies on Verapamil in Myocardial Infarction (DAVIT I and II). Drugs 1991;42(Suppl 2):43-53.
Morrow DA, Scirica BM, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Murphy SA, Budaj A, Varshavsky S, Wolff AA, Skene A, McCabe CH, Braunwald E. Effects of ranolazine on recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: the MERLIN-TIMI 36 randomized trial. JAMA 2007;297:1775-1783.
Miller CD, Roe MT, Mulgund J, Hoekstra JW, Santos R, Pollack CV Jr, Ohman EM, Gibler WB, Peterson ED. Impact of acute beta-blocker therapy for patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Med 2007;120:685-692.
Yasue H, Takizawa A, Nagao M, Nishida S, Horie M, Kubota J, Omote S, Takaoka K, Okumura K. Long-term prognosis for patients with variant angina and influential factors. Circulation 1988;78:1-9.
Patrono C, Andreotti F, Arnesen H, Badimon L, Baigent C, Collet JP, De Caterina R, Gulba D, Huber K, Husted S, Kristensen SD, Morais J, Neumann FJ, Rasmussen LH, Siegbahn A, Steg PG, Storey RF, Van de Werf F, Verheugt F. Antiplatelet agents for the treatment and prevention of atherothrombosis. Eur Heart J 2011;32:2922-2932.
Risk of myocardial infarction and death during treatment with low dose aspirin and intravenous heparin in men with unstable coronary artery disease. The RISC group. Lancet 1990;336:827-830.
Lewis HD Jr, Davis JW, Archibald DG, Steinke WE, Smitherman TC, Doherty JE 3rd, Schnaper HW, Le Winter MM, Linares E, Pouget JM, Sabharwal SC, Chesler E, De Mots H. Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina. Results of a Veterans Administration cooperative study. N Engl J Med 1983;309:396-403.
Theroux P, Ouimet H, McCans J, Latour JG, Joly P, Levy G, Pelletier E, Juneau M, Stasiak J, de Guise P, Pelletier GB, Rinzler D, Waters DD. Aspirin, heparin, or both to treat acute unstable angina. N Engl J Med 1988;319:1105-1111.
Cairns JA, Gent M, Singer J, Finnie KJ, Froggatt GM, Holder DA, Jablonsky G, Kostuk WJ, Melendez LJ, Myers MG, Sackett DL, Sealey BJ, Tanser PH. Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, or both in unstable angina. Results of a Canadian multicenter trial. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1369-1375.
Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-Analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002;324:71-86.
Mehta SR, Bassand JP, Chrolavicius S, Diaz R, Eikelboom JW, Fox KA, Granger CB, Jolly S, Joyner CD, Rupprecht HJ, Widimsky P, Afzal R, Pogue J, Yusuf S. Dose comparisons of clopidogrel and aspirin in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2010;363:930-942.
Savi P, Labouret C, Delesque N, Guette F, Lupker J, Herbert JM. P2Y12, a new platelet ADP receptor, target of clopidogrel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001;283:379-383.
Savi P, Herbert JM. Clopidogrel and ticlopidine: P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate-receptor antagonists for the prevention of atherothrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2005;31:174-183.
Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, Tognoni G, Fox KK. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001;345:494-502.
Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ, Bertrand ME, Lewis BS, Natarajan MK, Malmberg K, Rupprecht H, Zhao F, Chrolavicius S, Copland I, Fox KA. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet 2001;358:527-533.
Parodi G, Marcucci R, Valenti R, Gori AM, Migliorini A, Giusti B, Buonamici P, Gensini GF, Abbate R, Antoniucci D. High residual platelet reactivity after clopidogrel loading and long-term cardiovascular events among patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing PCI. JAMA 2011;306:1215-1223.
Matetzky S, Shenkman B, Guetta V, Shechter M, Beinart R, Goldenberg I, Novikov I, Pres H, Savion N, Varon D, Hod H. Clopidogrel resistance is associated with increased risk of recurrent atherothrombotic events in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2004;109:3171-3175.
Hochholzer W, Trenk D, Bestehorn HP, Fischer B, Valina CM, Ferenc M, Gick M, Caputo A, Buttner HJ, Neumann FJ. Impact of the degree of peri-interventional platelet inhibition after loading with clopidogrel on early clinical outcome of elective coronary stent placement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1742-1750.
Sibbing D, Braun S, Morath T, Mehilli J, Vogt W, Schomig A, Kastrati A, von Beckerath N. Platelet reactivity after clopidogrel treatment assessed with point-of-care analysis and early drug-eluting stent thrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:849-856.
Aradi D, Storey RF, Komocsi A, Trenk D, Gulba D, Kiss RG, Husted S, Bonello L, Sibbing D, Collet JP, Huber K. Expert position paper on the role of platelet function testing in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2014;35:209-215.
Simon T, Verstuyft C, Mary-Krause M, Quteineh L, Drouet E, Meneveau N, Steg PG, Ferrieres J, Danchin N, Becquemont L. Genetic determinants of response to clopidogrel and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2009;360:363-375.
Collet JP, Hulot JS, Pena A, Villard E, Esteve JB, Silvain J, Payot L, Brugier D, Cayla G, Beygui F, Bensimon G, Funck-Brentano C, Montalescot G. Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism in young patients treated with clopidogrel after myocardial infarction: a cohort study. Lancet 2009;373:309-317.
Gurbel PA, Tantry US, Shuldiner AR, Kereiakes DJ. Genotyping: one piece of the puzzle to personalize antiplatelet therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:112-116.
Cayla G, Hulot JS, O'Connor SA, Pathak A, Scott SA, Gruel Y, Silvain J, Vignalou JB, Huerre Y, de la Briolle A, Allanic F, Beygui F, Barthelemy O, Montalescot G, Collet JP. Clinical, angiographic, and genetic factors associated with early coronary stent thrombosis. JAMA 2011;306:1765-1774.
Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Montalescot G, Ruzyllo W, Gottlieb S, Neumann FJ, Ardissino D, De Servi S, Murphy SA, Riesmeyer J, Weerakkody G, Gibson CM, Antman EM. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2001-2015.
De Servi S, Goedicke J, Schirmer A, Widimsky P. Clinical outcomes for prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an analysis from the TRITON-TIMI 38 trial. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2014;3:363-372.
Pena A, Collet JP, Hulot JS, Silvain J, Barthelemy O, Beygui F, Funck-Brentano C, Montalescot G. Can we override clopidogrel resistance? Circulation 2009;119:2854-2857.
Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Horvath I, Keltai M, Herrman JP, Van de Werf F, Downey WE, Scirica BM, Murphy SA, Antman EM. Intensive oral antiplatelet therapy for reduction of ischaemic events including stent thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting in the TRITON-TIMI 38 trial: a subanalysis of a randomised trial. Lancet 2008;371:1353-1363.
Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Butler K, Tantry US, Gesheff T, Wei C, Teng R, Antonino MJ, Patil SB, Karunakaran A, Kereiakes DJ, Parris C, Purdy D, Wilson V, Ledley GS, Storey RF. Randomized double-blind assessment of the onset and offset of the antiplatelet effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with stable coronary artery disease: the Onset/Offset study. Circulation 2009;120:2577-2585.
Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, Cannon CP, Emanuelsson H, Held C, Horrow J, Husted S, James S, Katus H, Mahaffey KW, Scirica BM, Skene A, Steg PG, Storey RF, Harrington RA, Freij A, Thorsen M. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1045-1057.
Lindholm D, Varenhorst C, Cannon CP, Harrington RA, Himmelmann A, Maya J, Husted S, Steg PG, Cornel JH, Storey RF, Stevens SR, Wallentin L, James SK. Ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome with or without revascularization: results from the PLATO trial. Eur Heart J 2014;35:2083-2093.
Steg PG, Harrington RA, Emanuelsson H, Katus HA, Mahaffey KW, Meier B, Storey RF, Wojdyla DM, Lewis BS, Maurer G, Wallentin L, James SK. Stent thrombosis with ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes: an analysis from the prospective, randomized PLATO trial. Circulation 2013;128:1055-1065.
Storey RF, Becker RC, Harrington RA, Husted S, James SK, Cools F, Steg PG, Khurmi NS, Emanuelsson H, Cooper A, Cairns R, Cannon CP, Wallentin L. Characterization of dyspnoea in PLATO study patients treated with ticagrelor or clopidogrel and its association with clinical outcomes. Eur Heart J 2011;32:2945-2953.
Storey RF, Oldroyd KG, Wilcox RG. Open multicentre study of the P2 T receptor antagonist AR-C69931MX assessing safety, tolerability and activity in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Thromb Haemost 2001;85:401-407.
Harrington RA, Stone GW, McNulty S, White HD, Lincoff AM, Gibson CM, Pollack CV Jr, Montalescot G, Mahaffey KW, Kleiman NS, Goodman SG, Amine M, Angiolillo DJ, Becker RC, Chew DP, French WJ, Leisch F, Parikh KH, Skerjanec S, Bhatt DL. Platelet inhibition with cangrelor in patients undergoing PCI. N Engl J Med 2009;361:2318-2329.
Bhatt DL, Lincoff AM, Gibson CM, Stone GW, McNulty S, Montalescot G, Kleiman NS, Goodman SG, White HD, Mahaffey KW, Pollack CV Jr, Manoukian SV, Widimsky P, Chew DP, Cura F, Manukov I, Tousek F, Jafar MZ, Arneja J, Skerjanec S, Harrington RA. Intravenous platelet blockade with cangrelor during PCI. N Engl J Med 2009;361:2330-2341.
Bhatt DL, Stone GW, Mahaffey KW, Gibson CM, Steg PG, Hamm CW, Price MJ, Leonardi S, Gallup D, Bramucci E, Radke PW, Widimsky P, Tousek F, Tauth J, Spriggs D, McLaurin BT, Angiolillo DJ, Genereux P, Liu T, Prats J, Todd M, Skerjanec S, White HD, Harrington RA. Effect of platelet inhibition with cangrelor during PCI on ischemic events. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1303-1313.
Steg PG, Bhatt DL, Hamm CW, Stone GW, Gibson CM, Mahaffey KW, Leonardi S, Liu T, Skerjanec S, Day JR, Iwaoka RS, Stuckey TD, Gogia HS, Gruberg L, French WJ, White HD, Harrington RA. Effect of cangrelor on periprocedural outcomes in percutaneous coronary interventions: a pooled analysis of patient-level data. Lancet 2013;382:1981-1992.
Hamm CW, Bassand JP, Agewall S, Bax J, Boersma E, Bueno H, Caso P, Dudek D, Gielen S, Huber K, Ohman M, Petrie MC, Sonntag F, Uva MS, Storey RF, Wijns W, Zahger D. ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: the Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2011;32:2999-3054.
Bellemain-Appaix A, Brieger D, Beygui F, Silvain J, Pena A, Cayla G, Barthelemy O, Collet JP, Montalescot G. New P2Y12 inhibitors versus clopidogrel in percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:1542-1551.
Montalescot G, Bolognese L, Dudek D, Goldstein P, Hamm C, Tanguay JF, ten Berg JM, Miller DL, Costigan TM, Goedicke J, Silvain J, Angioli P, Legutko J, Niethammer M, Motovska Z, Jakubowski JA, Cayla G, Visconti LO, Vicaut E, Widimsky P. Pretreatment with prasugrel in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2013;369:999-1010.
Collet JP, Silvain J, Bellemain-Appaix A, Montalescot G. Pretreatment with P2Y12 inhibitors in non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome: an outdated and harmful strategy. Circulation 2014;130:1904-1914.
Valgimigli M. Pretreatment with P2Y12 inhibitors in non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome is clinically justified. Circulation 2014;130:1891-1903.
Stone GW, Witzenbichler B, Weisz G, Rinaldi MJ, Neumann FJ, Metzger DC, Henry TD, Cox DA, Duffy PL, Mazzaferri E, Gurbel PA, Xu K, Parise H, Kirtane AJ, Brodie BR, Mehran R, Stuckey TD. Platelet reactivity and clinical outcomes after coronary artery implantation of drug-eluting stents (ADAPT-DES): a prospective multicentre registry study. Lancet 2013;382:614-623.
Price MJ, Berger PB, Teirstein PS, Tanguay JF, Angiolillo DJ, Spriggs D, Puri S, Robbins M, Garratt KN, Bertrand OF, Stillabower ME, Aragon JR, Kandzari DE, Stinis CT, Lee MS, Manoukian SV, Cannon CP, Schork NJ, Topol EJ. Standardvs high-dose clopidogrel based on platelet function testing after percutaneous coronary intervention: the GRAVITAS randomized trial. JAMA 2011;305:1097-1105.
Trenk D, Stone GW, Gawaz M, Kastrati A, Angiolillo DJ, Muller U, Richardt G, Jakubowski JA, Neumann FJ. A randomized trial of prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with high platelet reactivity on clopidogrel after elective percutaneous coronary intervention with implantation of drug-eluting stents: results of the TRIGGER-PCI (Testing Platelet Reactivity In Patients Undergoing Elective Stent Placement on Clopidogrel to Guide Alternative Therapy With Prasugrel) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:2159-2164.
Collet JP, Cuisset T, Range G, Cayla G, Elhadad S, Pouillot C, Henry P, Motreff P, Carrie D, Boueri Z, Belle L, Van Belle E, Rousseau H, Aubry P, Monsegu J, Sabouret P, O'Connor SA, Abtan J, Kerneis M, Saint-Etienne C, Barthelemy O, Beygui F, Silvain J, Vicaut E, Montalescot G. Bedside monitoring to adjust antiplatelet therapy for coronary stenting. N Engl J Med 2012;367:2100-2109.
Mega JL, Close SL, Wiviott SD, Shen L, Walker JR, Simon T, Antman EM, Braunwald E, Sabatine MS. Genetic variants in ABCB1 and CYP2C19 and cardiovascular outcomes after treatment with clopidogrel and prasugrel in the TRITON-TIMI 38 trial: a pharmacogenetic analysis. Lancet 2010;376:1312-1319.
Trenk D, Hochholzer W, Fromm MF, Chialda LE, Pahl A, Valina CM, Stratz C, Schmiebusch P, Bestehorn HP, Buttner HJ, Neumann FJ. Cytochrome P450 2C19 681G. A polymorphism and high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity associated with adverse 1-year clinical outcome of elective percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting or bare-metal stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:1925-1934.
Mega JL, Close SL, Wiviott SD, Shen L, Hockett RD, Brandt JT, Walker JR, Antman EM, Macias WL, Braunwald E, Sabatine MS. Cytochrome P450 genetic polymorphisms and the response to prasugrel: relationship to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical outcomes. Circulation 2009;119:2553-2560.
Roberts JD, Wells GA, Le May MR, Labinaz M, Glover C, Froeschl M, Dick A, Marquis JF, O'Brien E, Goncalves S, Druce I, Stewart A, Gollob MH, So DY. Point-of-care genetic testing for personalisation of antiplatelet treatment (RAPID GENE): a prospective, randomised, proof-of-concept trial. Lancet 2012;379:1705-1711.
Agewall S, Cattaneo M, Collet JP, Andreotti F, Lip GY, Verheugt FW, Huber K, Grove EL, Morais J, Husted S, Wassmann S, Rosano G, Atar D, Pathak A, Kjeldsen K, Storey RF. Expert position paper on the use of proton pump inhibitors in patients with cardiovascular disease and antithrombotic therapy. Eur Heart J 2013;34:1708-1713, 1713a-1713b.
Ho PM, Spertus JA, Masoudi FA, Reid KJ, Peterson ED, Magid DJ, Krumholz HM, Rumsfeld JS. Impact of medication therapy discontinuation on mortality after myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1842-1847.
Mehran R, Baber U, Steg PG, Ariti C, Weisz G, Witzenbichler B, Henry TD, Kini AS, Stuckey T, Cohen DJ, Berger PB, Iakovou I, Dangas G, Waksman R, Antoniucci D, Sartori S, Krucoff MW, Hermiller JB, Shawl F, Gibson CM, Chieffo A, Alu M, Moliterno DJ, Colombo A, Pocock S. Cessation of dual antiplatelet treatment and cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PARIS): 2 year results from a prospective observational study. Lancet 2013;382:1714-1722.
Grines CL, Bonow RO, Casey DE Jr, Gardner TJ, Lockhart PB, Moliterno DJ, O'Gara P, Whitlow P. Prevention of premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery stents: a science advisory from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, American College of Surgeons, and American Dental Association, with representation from the American College of Physicians. Circulation 2007;115:813-818.
Kristensen SD, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Anker S, Botker HE, Hert SD, Ford I, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Gorenek B, Heyndrickx GR, Hoeft A, Huber K, Iung B, Kjeldsen KP, Longrois D, Luscher TF, Pierard L, Pocock S, Price S, Roffi M, Sirnes PA, Sousa-Uva M, Voudris V, Funck-Brentano C. 2014 ESC/ESA guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management. Eur Heart J 2014;35:2383-2431.
Dunning J, Versteegh M, Fabbri A, Pavie A, Kolh P, Lockowandt U, Nashef SA. Guideline on antiplatelet and anticoagulation management in cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;34:73-92.
Savonitto S, D'Urbano M, Caracciolo M, Barlocco F, Mariani G, Nichelatti M, Klugmann S, De Servi S. Urgent surgery in patients with a recently implanted coronary drug-eluting stent: a phase II study of 'bridging' antiplatelet therapy with tirofiban during temporary withdrawal of clopidogrel. Br J Anaesth 2010;104:285-291.
Angiolillo DJ, Firstenberg MS, Price MJ, Tummala PE, Hutyra M, Welsby IJ, Voeltz MD, Chandna H, Ramaiah C, Brtko M, Cannon L, Dyke C, Liu T, Montalescot G, Manoukian SV, Prats J, Topol EJ. Bridging antiplatelet therapy with cangrelor in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2012;307:265-274.
Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT 3rd, Fry ET, De Lago A, Wilmer C, Topol EJ. Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:2411-2420.
Mauri L, Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, Driscoll-Shempp P, Cutlip DE, Steg PG, Normand SL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, Cohen DJ, Holmes DR Jr, Krucoff MW, Hermiller J, Dauerman HL, Simon DI, Kandzari DE, Garratt KN, Lee DP, Pow TK, Ver Lee P, Rinaldi MJ, Massaro JM. Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med 2014;371:2155-2166.
Navarese EP, Andreotti F, Schulze V, Kolodziejczak M, Buffon A, Brouwer M, Costa F, Kowalewski M, Parati G, Lip GY, Kelm M, Valgimigli M. Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug eluting stents: meta-Analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2015;350:h1618.
Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Cohen M, Steg PG, Storey RF, Jensen EC, Magnani G, Bansilal S, Fish MP, Im K, Bengtsson O, Oude Ophuis T, Budaj A, Theroux P, Ruda M, Hamm C, Goto S, Spinar J, Nicolau JC, Kiss RG, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Held P, Braunwald E, Sabatine MS. Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1791-1800.
Kim BK, Hong MK, Shin DH, Nam CM, Kim JS, Ko YG, Choi D, Kang TS, Park BE, Kang WC, Lee SH, Yoon JH, Hong BK, Kwon HM, Jang Y. A new strategy for discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy: the RESET trial (real safety and efficacy of 3-month dual antiplatelet therapy following endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stent implantation). J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:1340-1348.
Feres F, Costa RA, Abizaid A, Leon MB, Marin-Neto JA, Botelho RV, King SB 3rd, Negoita M, Liu M, de Paula JE, Mangione JA, Meireles GX, Castello HJ Jr, Nicolela EL Jr, Perin MA, Devito FS, Labrunie A, Salvadori D Jr, Gusmao M, Staico R, Costa JR Jr, de Castro JP, Abizaid AS, Bhatt DL. Three vs twelve months of dual antiplatelet therapy after zotarolimus-eluting stents: the OPTIMIZE randomized trial. JAMA 2013;310:2510-2522.
Gwon HC, Hahn JY, Park KW, Song YB, Chae IH, Lim DS, Han KR, Choi JH, Choi SH, Kang HJ, Koo BK, Ahn T, Yoon JH, Jeong MH, Hong TJ, Chung WY, Choi YJ, Hur SH, Kwon HM, Jeon DW, Kim BO, Park SH, Lee NH, Jeon HK, Jang Y, Kim HS. Six-month versus 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents: the efficacy of xience/promus versus cypher to reduce late loss after stenting (EXCELLENT) randomized, multicenter study. Circulation 2012;125:505-513.
Valgimigli M, Campo G, Monti M, Vranckx P, Percoco G, Tumscitz C, Castriota F, Colombo F, Tebaldi M, Fuca G, Kubbajeh M, Cangiano E, Minarelli M, Scalone A, Cavazza C, Frangione A, Borghesi M, Marchesini J, Parrinello G, Ferrari R. Shortversus long-term duration of dual-Antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting: a randomized multicenter trial. Circulation 2012;125:2015-2026.
Colombo A, Chieffo A, Frasheri A, Garbo R, Masotti-Centol M, Salvatella N, Oteo Dominguez JF, Steffanon L, Tarantini G, Presbitero P, Menozzi A, Pucci E, Mauri J, Cesana BM, Giustino G, Sardella G. Second-generation drug-eluting stent implantation followed by 6-versus 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy: the SECURITY randomized clinical trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:2086-2097.
Schulz-Schupke S, Byrne RA, ten Berg JM, Neumann FJ, Han Y, Adriaenssens T, Tolg R, Seyfarth M, Maeng M, Zrenner B, Jacobshagen C, Mudra H, von Hodenberg E, Wohrle J, Angiolillo DJ, von Merzljak B, Rifatov N, Kufner S, Morath T, Feuchtenberger A, Ibrahim T, Janssen PW, Valina C, Li Y, Desmet W, Abdel-Wahab M, Tiroch K, Hengstenberg C, Bernlochner I, Fischer M, Schunkert H, Laugwitz KL, Schomig A, Mehilli J, Kastrati A. ISAR-SAFE: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 6 vs.12 months of clopidogrel therapy after drug-eluting stenting. Eur Heart J 2015;36:1252-1263.
Gilard M, Barragan P, Noryani AA, Noor HA, Majwal T, Hovasse T, Castellant P, Schneeberger M, Maillard L, Bressolette E, Wojcik J, Delarche N, Blanchard D, Jouve B, Ormezzano O, Paganelli F, Levy G, Sainsous J, Carrie D, Furber A, Berland J, Darremont O, Le Breton H, Lyuycx-Bore A, Gommeaux A, Cassat C, Kermarrec A, Cazaux P, Druelles P, Dauphin R, Armengaud J, Dupouy P, Champagnac D, Ohlmann P, Endresen K, Benamer H, Kiss RG, Ungi I, Boschat J, Morice MC. 6-versus 24-month dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents in patients nonresistant to aspirin: the randomized, multicenter ITALIC trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:777-786.
Lee CW, Ahn JM, Park DW, Kang SJ, Lee SW, Kim YH, Park SW, Han S, Lee SG, Seong IW, Rha SW, Jeong MH, Lim DS, Yoon JH, Hur SH, Choi YS, Yang JY, Lee NH, Kim HS, Lee BK, Kim KS, Lee SU, Chae JK, Cheong SS, Suh IW, Park HS, Nah DY, Jeon DS, Seung KB, Lee K, Jang JS, Park SJ. Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation: a randomized, controlled trial. Circulation 2014;129:304-312.
Collet JP, Silvain J, Barthelemy O, Range G, Cayla G, Van Belle E, Cuisset T, Elhadad S, Schiele F, Lhoest N, Ohlmann P, Carrie D, Rousseau H, Aubry P, Monsegu J, Sabouret P, O'Connor SA, Abtan J, Kerneis M, Saint-Etienne C, Beygui F, Vicaut E, Montalescot G. Dual-Antiplatelet treatment beyond 1 year after drug-eluting stent implantation (ARCTIC-INTERRUPTION): a randomised trial. Lancet 2014;384:1577-1585.
Roffi M, Chew DP, Mukherjee D, Bhatt DL, White JA, Moliterno DJ, Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Robbins MA, Kleiman NS, Theroux P, White HD, Topol EJ. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition in acute coronary syndromes. Gradient of benefit related to the revascularization strategy. Eur Heart J 2002;23:1441-1448.
O'Donoghue M, Antman EM, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Steg PG, Finkelstein A, Penny WF, Fridrich V, McCabe CH, Sabatine MS, Wiviott SD. The efficacy and safety of prasugrel with and without a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous intervention: a TRITON-TIMI 38 (Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition with Prasugrel-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 38) analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:678-685.
Stone GW, Bertrand ME, Moses JW, Ohman EM, Lincoff AM, Ware JH, Pocock SJ, McLaurin BT, Cox DA, Jafar MZ, Chandna H, Hartmann F, Leisch F, Strasser RH, Desaga M, Stuckey TD, Zelman RB, Lieber IH, Cohen DJ, Mehran R, White HD. Routine upstream initiation vs deferred selective use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: the ACUITY timing trial. JAMA 2007;297:591-602.
Giugliano RP, White JA, Bode C, Armstrong PW, Montalescot G, Lewis BS, van't Hof A, Berdan LG, Lee KL, Strony JT, Hildemann S, Veltri E, Van de Werf F, Braunwald E, Harrington RA, Califf RM, Newby LK. Early versus delayed, provisional eptifibatide in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2009;360:2176-2190.
Wang TY, White JA, Tricoci P, Giugliano RP, Zeymer U, Harrington RA, Montalescot G, James SK, Van de Werf F, Armstrong PW, Braunwald E, Califf RM, Newby LK. Upstream clopidogrel use and the efficacy and safety of early eptifibatide treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome: an analysis from the early glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (early ACS) trial. Circulation 2011;123:722-730.
Judge HM, Buckland RJ, Holgate CE, Storey RF. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and P2Y12 receptor antagonists yield additive inhibition of platelet aggregation, granule secretion, soluble CD40 l release and procoagulant responses. Platelets 2005;16:398-407.
Kastrati A, Mehilli J, Neumann FJ, Dotzer F, ten Berg J, Bollwein H, Graf I, Ibrahim M, Pache J, Seyfarth M, Schuhlen H, Dirschinger J, Berger PB, Schomig A. Abciximab in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after clopidogrel pretreatment: the ISARREACT 2 randomized trial. JAMA 2006;295:1531-1538.
Jolly SS, Faxon DP, Fox KA, Afzal R, Boden WE, Widimsky P, Steg PG, Valentin V, Budaj A, Granger CB, Joyner CD, Chrolavicius S, Yusuf S, Mehta SR. Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux versus enoxaparin in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors or thienopyridines: results from the OASIS 5 (Fifth Organization to Assess Strategies in Ischemic Syndromes) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:468-476.
White HD, Chew DP, Hoekstra JW, Miller CD, Pollack CV Jr, Feit F, Lincoff AM, Bertrand M, Pocock S, Ware J, Ohman EM, Mehran R, Stone GW. Safety and efficacy of switching from either unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin to bivalirudin in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes managed with an invasive strategy: results from the ACUITY (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage strategY) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:1734-1741.
Stone GW, McLaurin BT, Cox DA, Bertrand ME, Lincoff AM, Moses JW, White HD, Pocock SJ, Ware JH, Feit F, Colombo A, Aylward PE, Cequier AR, Darius H, Desmet W, Ebrahimi R, Hamon M, Rasmussen LH, Rupprecht HJ, Hoekstra J, Mehran R, Ohman EM. Bivalirudin for patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2006;355:2203-2216.
Tricoci P, Huang Z, Held C, Moliterno DJ, Armstrong PW, Van de Werf F, White HD, Aylward PE, Wallentin L, Chen E, Lokhnygina Y, Pei J, Leonardi S, Rorick TL, Kilian AM, Jennings LH, Ambrosio G, Bode C, Cequier A, Cornel JH, Diaz R, Erkan A, Huber K, Hudson MP, Jiang L, Jukema JW, Lewis BS, Lincoff AM, Montalescot G, Nicolau JC, Ogawa H, Pfisterer M, Prieto JC, Ruzyllo W, Sinnaeve PR, Storey RF, Valgimigli M, Whellan DJ, Widimsky P, Strony J, Harrington RA, Mahaffey KW. Thrombin-receptor antagonist vorapaxar in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2012;366:20-33.
Morrow DA, Braunwald E, Bonaca MP, Ameriso SF, Dalby AJ, Fish MP, Fox KA, Lipka LJ, Liu X, Nicolau JC, Ophuis AJ, Paolasso E, Scirica BM, Spinar J, Theroux P, Wiviott SD, Strony J, Murphy SA. Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1404-1413.
Bhatt DL, Cryer BL, Contant CF, Cohen M, Lanas A, Schnitzer TJ, Shook TL, Lapuerta P, Goldsmith MA, Laine L, Scirica BM, Murphy SA, Cannon CP. Clopidogrel with or without omeprazole in coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1909-1917.
Eikelboom JW, Anand SS, Malmberg K, Weitz JI, Ginsberg JS, Yusuf S. Unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin in acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation: a meta-Analysis. Lancet 2000;355:1936-1942.
Silvain J, Beygui F, Barthelemy O, Pollack C Jr, Cohen M, Zeymer U, Huber K, Goldstein P, Cayla G, Collet JP, Vicaut E, Montalescot G. Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention: systematic review and meta-Analysis. BMJ 2012;344:e553.
Lee MS, Wali AU, Menon V, Berkowitz SD, Thompson TD, Califf RM, Topol EJ, Granger CB, Hochman JS. The determinants of activated partial thromboplastin time, relation of activated partial thromboplastin time to clinical outcomes, and optimal dosing regimens for heparin treated patients with acute coronary syndromes: a review of GUSTO-IIb. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2002;14:91-101.
Hassan WM, Flaker GC, Feutz C, Petroski GF, Smith D. Improved anticoagulation with a weight-Adjusted heparin nomogram in patients with acute coronary syndromes: a randomized trial. J Thromb Thrombolysis 1995;2:245-249.
Collet JP, Montalescot G, Lison L, Choussat R, Ankri A, Drobinski G, Sotirov I, Thomas D. Percutaneous coronary intervention after subcutaneous enoxaparin pretreatment in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Circulation 2001;103:658-663.
Martin JL, Fry ET, Sanderink GJ, Atherley TH, Guimart CM, Chevalier PJ, Ozoux ML, Pensyl CE, Bigonzi F. Reliable anticoagulation with enoxaparin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the pharmacokinetics of enoxaparin in PCI (PEPCI) study. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;61:163-170.
Ferguson JJ, Califf RM, Antman EM, Cohen M, Grines CL, Goodman S, Kereiakes DJ, Langer A, Mahaffey KW, Nessel CC, Armstrong PW, Avezum A, Aylward P, Becker RC, Biasucci L, Borzak S, Col J, Frey MJ, Fry E, Gulba DC, Guneri S, Gurfinkel E, Harrington R, Hochman JS, Kleiman NS, Leon MB, Lopez-Sendon JL, Pepine CJ, Ruzyllo W, Steinhubl SR, Teirstein PS, Toro-Figueroa L, White H. Enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin in high-risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes managed with an intended early invasive strategy: primary results of the SYNERGY randomized trial. JAMA 2004;292:45-54.
Murphy SA, Gibson CM, Morrow DA, Van de Werf F, Menown IB, Goodman SG, Mahaffey KW, Cohen M, McCabe CH, Antman EM, Braunwald E. Efficacy and safety of the low-molecular weight heparin enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin across the acute coronary syndrome spectrum: a meta-Analysis. Eur Heart J 2007;28:2077-2086.
Yusuf S, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, Afzal R, Pogue J, Granger CB, Budaj A, Peters RJ, Bassand JP, Wallentin L, Joyner C, Fox KA. Comparison of fondaparinux and enoxaparin in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1464-1476.
Steg PG, Jolly SS, Mehta SR, Afzal R, Xavier D, Rupprecht HJ, Lopez-Sendon JL, Budaj A, Diaz R, Avezum A, Widimsky P, Rao SV, Chrolavicius S, Meeks B, Joyner C, Pogue J, Yusuf S. Low-dose vs standard-dose unfractionated heparin for percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndromes treated with fondaparinux: the FUTURA/OASIS-8 randomized trial. JAMA 2010;304:1339-1349.
Szummer K, Oldgren J, Lindhagen L, Carrero JJ, Evans M, Spaak J, Edfors R, Jacobson SH, Andell P, Wallentin L, Jernberg T. Association between the use of fondaparinux vs low-molecular-weight heparin and clinical outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. JAMA 2015;313:707-716.
Stone GW, White HD, Ohman EM, Bertrand ME, Lincoff AM, McLaurin BT, Cox DA, Pocock SJ, Ware JH, Feit F, Colombo A, Manoukian SV, Lansky AJ, Mehran R, Moses JW. Bivalirudin in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a subgroup analysis from the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage strategY (ACUITY) trial. Lancet 2007;369:907-919.
Stone GW, Ware JH, Bertrand ME, Lincoff AM, Moses JW, Ohman EM, White HD, Feit F, Colombo A, McLaurin BT, Cox DA, Manoukian SV, Fahy M, Clayton TC, Mehran R, Pocock SJ. Antithrombotic strategies in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing early invasive management: one-year results from the ACUITY trial. JAMA 2007;298:2497-2506.
Kastrati A, Neumann FJ, Schulz S, Massberg S, Byrne RA, Ferenc M, Laugwitz KL, Pache J, Ott I, Hausleiter J, Seyfarth M, Gick M, Antoniucci D, Schomig A, Berger PB, Mehilli J. Abciximab and heparin versus bivalirudin for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1980-1989.
Kastrati A, Neumann FJ, Mehilli J, Byrne RA, Iijima R, Buttner HJ, Khattab AA, Schulz S, Blankenship JC, Pache J, Minners J, Seyfarth M, Graf I, Skelding KA, Dirschinger J, Richardt G, Berger PB, Schomig A. Bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med 2008;359:688-696.
Alexander JH, Lopes RD, James S, Kilaru R, He Y, Mohan P, Bhatt DL, Goodman S, Verheugt FW, Flather M, Huber K, Liaw D, Husted SE, Lopez-Sendon J, De Caterina R, Jansky P, Darius H, Vinereanu D, Cornel JH, Cools F, Atar D, Leiva-Pons JL, Keltai M, Ogawa H, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Ruzyllo W, Diaz R, White H, Ruda M, Geraldes M, Lawrence J, Harrington RA, Wallentin L. Apixaban with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 2011;365:699-708.
Mega JL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, Bassand JP, Bhatt DL, Bode C, Burton P, Cohen M, Cook-Bruns N, Fox KA, Goto S, Murphy SA, Plotnikov AN, Schneider D, Sun X, Verheugt FW, Gibson CM. Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 2012;366:9-19.
Oler A, Whooley MA, Oler J, Grady D. Adding heparin to aspirin reduces the incidence of myocardial infarction and death in patients with unstable angina. A meta-Analysis. JAMA 1996;276:811-815.
Simoons ML, Bobbink IW, Boland J, Gardien M, Klootwijk P, Lensing AW, Ruzyllo W, Umans VA, Vahanian A, Van De Werf F, Zeymer U. A dose-finding study of fondaparinux in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: the pentasaccharide in unstable angina (PENTUA) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:2183-2190.
Mehta SR, Steg PG, Granger CB, Bassand JP, Faxon DP, Weitz JI, Afzal R, Rush B, Peters RJ, Natarajan MK, Velianou JL, Goodhart DM, Labinaz M, Tanguay JF, Fox KA, Yusuf S. Randomized, blinded trial comparing fondaparinux with unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention: Arixtra Study in Percutaneous coronary Intervention: a Randomized Evaluation (ASPIRE) pilot trial. Circulation 2005;111:1390-1397.
Petersen JL, Mahaffey KW, Hasselblad V, Antman EM, Cohen M, Goodman SG, Langer A, Blazing MA, Le-Moigne-Amrani A, de Lemos JA, Nessel CC, Harrington RA, Ferguson JJ, Braunwald E, Califf RM. Efficacy and bleeding complications among patients randomized to enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin for antithrombin therapy in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: a systematic overview. JAMA 2004;292:89-96.
Brener SJ, Moliterno DJ, Lincoff AM, Steinhubl SR, Wolski KE, Topol EJ. Relationship between activated clotting time and ischemic or hemorrhagic complications: analysis of 4 recent randomized clinical trials of percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2004;110:994-998.
Gilard M, Blanchard D, Helft G, Carrier D, Eltchaninoff H, Belle L, Finet G, Le Breton H, Boschat J. Antiplatelet therapy in patients with anticoagulants undergoing percutaneous coronary stenting (from STENTing and oral antiCOagulants [STENTICO]). Am J Cardiol 2009;104:338-342.
Ruiz-Nodar JM, Marin F, Hurtado JA, Valencia J, Pinar E, Pineda J, Gimeno JR, Sogorb F, Valdes M, Lip GY. Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy use in 426 patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and stent implantation implications for bleeding risk and prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:818-825.
Lip GY, Windecker S, Huber K, Kirchhof P, Marin F, ten Berg JM, Haeusler KG, Boriani G, Capodanno D, Gilard M, Zeymer U, Lane D, Storey RF, Bueno H, Collet JP, Fauchier L, Halvorsen S, Lettino M, Morais J, Mueller C, Potpara TS, Rasmussen LH, Rubboli A, Tamargo J, Valgimigli M, Zamorano JL. Management of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergoing percutaneous coronary or valve interventions: a joint consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology working group on thrombosis, European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and European Association of Acute CardiacCare (ACCA) endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS). Eur Heart J 2014;35:3155-3179.
Beyer-Westendorf J, Gelbricht V, Forster K, Ebertz F, Kohler C, Werth S, Kuhlisch E, Stange T, Thieme C, Daschkow K, Weiss N. Peri-interventional management of novel oral anticoagulants in daily care: results from the prospective Dresden NOAC registry. Eur Heart J 2014;35:1888-1896.
Dewilde WJ, Janssen PW, Kelder JC, Verheugt FW, De Smet BJ, Adriaenssens T, Vrolix M, Brueren GB, Vandendriessche T, Van Mieghem C, Cornelis K, Vos J, Breet NJ, ten Berg JM. Uninterrupted oral anticoagulation versus bridging in patients with long-term oral anticoagulation during percutaneous coronary intervention: subgroup analysis from the WOEST trial. EuroIntervention 2015 Mar. 5; 10 (11). pii: 20140202-08. doi:10.4244/EIJY14M06-07. [Epub ahead of print]
Kiviniemi T, Karjalainen P, Pietila M, Ylitalo A, Niemela M, Vikman S, Puurunen M, Biancari F, Airaksinen KE. Comparison of additional versus no additional heparin during therapeutic oral anticoagulation in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2012;110:30-35.
Hansen ML, Sorensen R, Clausen MT, Fog-Petersen ML, Raunso J, Gadsboll N, Gislason GH, Folke F, Andersen SS, Schramm TK, Abildstrom SZ, Poulsen HE, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C. Risk of bleeding with single, dual, or triple therapy with warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel in patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:1433-1441.
Faxon DP, Eikelboom JW, Berger PB, Holmes DR Jr, Bhatt DL, Moliterno DJ, Becker RC, Angiolillo DJ. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing coronary stenting: a North American perspective: executive summary. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2011;4:522-534.
Stettler C, Allemann S, Wandel S, Kastrati A, Morice MC, Schomig A, Pfisterer ME, Stone GW, Leon MB, de Lezo JS, Goy JJ, Park SJ, Sabate M, Suttorp MJ, Kelbaek H, Spaulding C, Menichelli M, Vermeersch P, Dirksen MT, Cervinka P, De Carlo M, Erglis A, Chechi T, Ortolani P, Schalij MJ, Diem P, Meier B, Windecker S, Juni P. Drug eluting and bare metal stents in people with and without diabetes: collaborative network meta-Analysis. BMJ 2008;337:a1331.
Bangalore S, Kumar S, Fusaro M, Amoroso N, Kirtane AJ, Byrne RA, Williams DO, Slater J, Cutlip DE, Feit F. Outcomes with various drug eluting or bare metal stents in patients with diabetes mellitus: mixed treatment comparison analysis of 22, 844 patient years of follow-up from randomised trials. BMJ 2012;345:e5170.
Bangalore S, Kumar S, Fusaro M, Amoroso N, Attubato MJ, Feit F, Bhatt DL, Slater J. Short- and long-term outcomes with drug-eluting and bare-metal coronary stents: a mixed-treatment comparison analysis of 117 762 patient-years of follow-up from randomized trials. Circulation 2012;125:2873-2891.
Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, Massaro JM, Driscoll-Shempp P, Cutlip DE, Steg PG, Gershlick AH, Darius H, Meredith IT, Ormiston J, Tanguay JF, Windecker S, Garratt KN, Kandzari DE, Lee DP, Simon DI, Iancu AC, Trebacz J, Mauri L. Antiplatelet therapy duration following bare metal or drug-eluting coronary stents: the dual antiplatelet therapy randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015;313:1113-1121.
Hawn MT, Graham LA, Richman JS, Itani KM, Henderson WG, Maddox TM. Risk of major adverse cardiac events following noncardiac surgery in patients with coronary stents. JAMA 2013;310:1462-1472.
Valgimigli M, Patialiakas A, Thury A, McFadden E, Colangelo S, Campo G, Tebaldi M, Ungi I, Tondi S, Roffi M, Menozzi A, de Cesare N, Garbo R, Meliga E, Testa L, Gabriel HM, Airoldi F, Ferlini M, Liistro F, Dellavalle A, Vranckx P, Briguori C; ZEUS Investigators. Zotarolimus-eluting versus bare-metal stents in uncertain drug-eluting stent candidates. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:805-815.
Dewilde WJ, Oirbans T, Verheugt FW, Kelder JC, De Smet BJ, Herrman JP, Adriaenssens T, Vrolix M, Heestermans AA, Vis MM, Tijsen JG, van't Hof AW, ten Berg JM. Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an openlabel, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2013;381:1107-1115.
Fiedler KA, Maeng M, Mehilli J, Schulz-Schüpke S, Byrne RA, Sibbing D, Hoppmann P, Schneider S, Fusaro M, Ott I, Kristensen SD, Ibrahim T, Massberg S, Schunkert H, Laugwitz K-L, Kastrati A, Sarafoff N. Duration of triple therapy in patients requiring oral anticoagulation after drug-eluting stent implantation: the ISAR-TRIPLE trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:1619-1629.
Lamberts M, Olesen JB, Ruwald MH, Hansen CM, Karasoy D, Kristensen SL, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason GH, Hansen ML. Bleeding after initiation of multiple antithrombotic drugs, including triple therapy, in atrial fibrillation patients following myocardial infarction and coronary intervention: a nationwide cohort study. Circulation 2012;126:1185-1193.
Lamberts M, Gislason GH, Olesen JB, Kristensen SL, Schjerning Olsen AM, Mikkelsen A, Christensen CB, Lip GY, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, Hansen ML. Oral anticoagulation and antiplatelets in atrial fibrillation patients after myocardial infarction and coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:981-989.
Sie P, Samama CM, Godier A, Rosencher N, Steib A, Llau JV, Van der Linden P, Pernod G, Lecompte T, Gouin-Thibault I, Albaladejo P. Surgery and invasive procedures in patients on long-term treatment with direct oral anticoagulants: thrombin or factor-Xa inhibitors. Recommendations of the Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis and the French Study Group on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2011;104:669-676.
Valgimigli M, Gagnor A, Calabro P, Frigoli E, Leonardi S, Zaro T, Rubartelli P, Briguori C, Ando G, Repetto A, Limbruno U, Cortese B, Sganzerla P, Lupi A, Galli M, Colangelo S, Ierna S, Ausiello A, Presbitero P, Sardella G, Varbella F, Esposito G, Santarelli A, Tresoldi S, Nazzaro M, Zingarelli A, de Cesare N, Rigattieri S, Tosi P, Palmieri C, Brugaletta S, Rao SV, Heg D, Rothenbuhler M, Vranckx P, Juni P. Radial versus femoral access in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing invasive management: a randomised multicentre trial. Lancet 2015;385:2465-2476.
Bangalore S, Toklu B, Amoroso N, Fusaro M, Kumar S, Hannan EL, Faxon DP, Feit F. Bare metal stents, durable polymer drug eluting stents, and biodegradable polymer drug eluting stents for coronary artery disease: mixed treatment comparison meta-Analysis. BMJ 2013;347:f6625.
Di Minno G, Silver MJ, Murphy S. Monitoring the entry of new platelets into the circulation after ingestion of aspirin. Blood 1983;61:1081-1085.
Vilahur G, Choi BG, Zafar MU, Viles-Gonzalez JF, Vorchheimer DA, Fuster V, Badimon JJ. Normalization of platelet reactivity in clopidogrel-treated subjects. J Thromb Haemost 2007;5:82-90.
Hansson EC, Shams Hakimi C, Astrom-Olsson K, Hesse C, Wallen H, Dellborg M, Albertsson P, Jeppsson A. Effects of ex vivo platelet supplementation on platelet aggregability in blood samples from patients treated with acetylsalicylic acid, clopidogrel, or ticagrelor. Br J Anaesth 2014;112:570-575.
Zafar MU, Santos-Gallego C, Vorchheimer DA, Viles-Gonzalez JF, Elmariah S, Giannarelli C, Sartori S, Small DS, Jakubowski JA, Fuster V, Badimon JJ. Platelet function normalization after a prasugrel loading-dose: time-dependent effect of platelet supplementation. J Thromb Haemost 2013;11:100-106.
Patel RJ, Witt DM, Saseen JJ, Tillman DJ, Wilkinson DS. Randomized, placebocontrolled trial of oral phytonadione for excessive anticoagulation. Pharmacotherapy 2000;20:1159-1166.
Fondevila CG, Grosso SH, Santarelli MT, Pinto MD. Reversal of excessive oral anticoagulation with a low oral dose of vitamin K1 compared with acenocoumarine discontinuation. A prospective, randomized, open study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2001;12:9-16.
Ageno W, Crowther M, Steidl L, Ultori C, Mera V, Dentali F, Squizzato A, Marchesi C, Venco A. Low dose oral vitamin K to reverse acenocoumarolinduced coagulopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Thromb Haemost 2002;88:48-51.
Ageno W, Garcia D, Silingardi M, Galli M, Crowther M. A randomized trial comparing 1 mg of oral vitamin K with no treatment in the management of warfarin-Associated coagulopathy in patients with mechanical heart valves. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:732-733.
Crowther MA, Ageno W, Garcia D, Wang L, Witt DM, Clark NP, Blostein MD, Kahn SR, Vesely SK, Schulman S, Kovacs MJ, Rodger MA, Wells P, Anderson D, Ginsberg J, Selby R, Siragusa S, Silingardi M, Dowd MB, Kearon C. Oral vitamin K versus placebo to correct excessive anticoagulation in patients receiving warfarin: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:293-300.
Crowther MA, Julian J, McCarty D, Douketis J, Kovacs M, Biagoni L, Schnurr T, McGinnis J, Gent M, Hirsh J, Ginsberg J. Treatment of warfarin-Associated coagulopathy with oral vitamin K: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000;356:1551-1553.
Ageno W, Garcia D, Aguilar MI, Douketis J, Finazzi G, Imberti D, Iorio A, Key NS, Lim W, Marietta M, Prisco D, Sarode R, Testa S, Tosetto A, Crowther M. Prevention and treatment of bleeding complications in patients receiving vitamin K antagonists, part 2: treatment. Am J Hematol 2009;84:584-588.
Ageno W, Gallus AS, Wittkowsky A, Crowther M, Hylek EM, Palareti G. Oral anticoagulant therapy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2012;141:e44S-88S.
Liesenfeld KH, Staab A, Hartter S, Formella S, Clemens A, Lehr T. Pharmacometric characterization of dabigatran hemodialysis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2013;52:453-462.
Eerenberg ES, Kamphuisen PW, Sijpkens MK, Meijers JC, Buller HR, Levi M. Reversal of rivaroxaban and dabigatran by prothrombin complex concentrate: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy subjects. Circulation 2011;124:1573-1579.
Lu G, De Guzman FR, Hollenbach SJ, Karbarz MJ, Abe K, Lee G, Luan P, Hutchaleelaha A, Inagaki M, Conley PB, Phillips DR, Sinha U. A specific antidote for reversal of anticoagulation by direct and indirect inhibitors of coagulation factor Xa. Nat Med 2013;19:446-451.
Verheugt FW, Steinhubl SR, Hamon M, Darius H, Steg PG, Valgimigli M, Marso SP, Rao SV, Gershlick AH, Lincoff AM, Mehran R, Stone GW. Incidence, prognostic impact, and influence of antithrombotic therapy on access and nonaccess site bleeding in percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2011;4:191-197
Ndrepepa G, Schulz S, Neumann FJ, Byrne RA, Hoppmann P, Cassese S, Ott I, Fusaro M, Ibrahim T, Tada T, Richardt G, Laugwitz KL, Schunkert H, Kastrati A. Bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention in women and men matched for age, body mass index, and type of antithrombotic therapy. Am Heart J 2013;166:534-540.
Vranckx P, Campo G, Anselmi M, Bolognese L, Colangelo S, Biondi-Zoccai G, Moreno R, Piva T, Favero L, Prati F, Nazzaro M, Diaz Fernandez JF, Ferrari R, Valgimigli M. Does the site of bleeding matter? A stratified analysis on location of TIMI-graded bleedings and their impact on 12-month outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. EuroIntervention 2012;8:71-78.
Becker RC, Bassand JP, Budaj A, Wojdyla DM, James SK, Cornel JH, French J, Held C, Horrow J, Husted S, Lopez-Sendon J, Lassila R, Mahaffey KW, Storey RF, Harrington RA, Wallentin L. Bleeding complications with the P2Y12 receptor antagonists clopidogrel and ticagrelor in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Eur Heart J 2011;32:2933-2944.
Lopes RD, Subherwal S, Holmes DN, Thomas L, Wang TY, Rao SV, Magnus Ohman E, Roe MT, Peterson ED, Alexander KP. The association of in-hospital major bleeding with short-, intermediate-, and long-term mortality among older patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2044-2053.
Mehran R, Rao SV, Bhatt DL, Gibson CM, Caixeta A, Eikelboom J, Kaul S, Wiviott SD, Menon V, Nikolsky E, Serebruany V, Valgimigli M, Vranckx P, Taggart D, Sabik JF, Cutlip DE, Krucoff MW, Ohman EM, Steg PG, White H. Standardized bleeding definitions for cardiovascular clinical trials: a consensus report from the bleeding academic research consortium. Circulation 2011;123:2736-2747.
Ndrepepa G, Schuster T, Hadamitzky M, Byrne RA, Mehilli J, Neumann FJ, Richardt G, Schulz S, Laugwitz KL, Massberg S, Schomig A, Kastrati A. Validation of the bleeding academic research consortium definition of bleeding in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2012;125:1424-1431.
Ndrepepa G, Guerra E, Schulz S, Fusaro M, Cassese S, Kastrati A. Weight of the bleeding impact on early and late mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2015;39:35-42.
Baber U, Kovacic J, Kini AS, Sharma SK, Dangas G, Mehran R. How serious a problem is bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndromes? Curr Cardiol Rep 2011;13:312-319.
Ndrepepa G, Berger PB, Mehilli J, Seyfarth M, Neumann FJ, Schomig A, Kastrati A. Periprocedural bleeding and 1-year outcome after percutaneous coronary interventions: appropriateness of including bleeding as a component of a quadruple end point. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:690-697.
Moscucci M, Fox KA, Cannon CP, Klein W, Lopez-Sendon J, Montalescot G, White K, Goldberg RJ. Predictors of major bleeding in acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Eur Heart J 2003;24:1815-1823.
Leibundgut G, Pache J, Schulz S, Berger PB, Ferenc M, Gick M, Mehilli J, Kastrati A, Neumann FJ. Collagen plug vascular closure devices and reduced risk of bleeding with bivalirudin versus heparin plus abciximab in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Interv Cardiol 2013;26:623-629.
Ndrepepa G, Neumann FJ, Richardt G, Schulz S, Tolg R, Stoyanov KM, Gick M, Ibrahim T, Fiedler KA, Berger PB, Laugwitz KL, Kastrati A. Prognostic value of access and non-Access sites bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2013;6:354-361.
Marso SP, Amin AP, House JA, Kennedy KF, Spertus JA, Rao SV, Cohen DJ, Messenger JC, Rumsfeld JS. Association between use of bleeding avoidance strategies and risk of periprocedural bleeding among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA 2010;303:2156-2164.
Schulz-Schupke S, Helde S, Gewalt S, Ibrahim T, Linhardt M, Haas K, Hoppe K, Bottiger C, Groha P, Bradaric C, Schmidt R, Bott-Flugel L, Ott I, Goedel J, Byrne RA, Schneider S, Burgdorf C, Morath T, Kufner S, Joner M, Cassese S, Hoppmann P, Hengstenberg C, Pache J, Fusaro M, Massberg S, Mehilli J, Schunkert H, Laugwitz KL, Kastrati A. Comparison of vascular closure devices vs manual compression after femoral artery puncture: the ISAR-CLOSURE randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014;312:1981-1987.
Shi J, Ji H, Ren F, Wang G, Xu M, Xue Y, Chen M, Qi J, Li L. Protective effects of tranexamic acid on clopidogrel before coronary artery bypass grafting: a multicenter randomized trial. JAMA Surg 2013;148:538-547.
Held C, Asenblad N, Bassand JP, Becker RC, Cannon CP, Claeys MJ, Harrington RA, Horrow J, Husted S, James SK, Mahaffey KW, Nicolau JC, Scirica BM, Storey RF, Vintila M, Ycas J, Wallentin L. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: results from the PLATO (PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:672-684.
Mehta RH, Sheng S, O'Brien SM, Grover FL, Gammie JS, Ferguson TB, Peterson ED. Reoperation for bleeding in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: incidence, risk factors, time trends, and outcomes. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2009;2:583-590.
Paone G, Likosky DS, Brewer R, Theurer PF, Bell GF, Cogan CM, Prager RL. Transfusion of 1 and 2 units of red blood cells is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Ann Thorac Surg 2014;97:87-93; discussion 93-84.
Ferraris VA, Saha SP, Oestreich JH, Song HK, Rosengart T, Reece TB, Mazer CD, Bridges CR, Despotis GJ, Jointer K, Clough ER. 2012 update to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons guideline on use of antiplatelet drugs in patients having cardiac and noncardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;94:1761-1781.
Vivacqua A, Koch CG, Yousuf AM, Nowicki ER, Houghtaling PL, Blackstone EH, Sabik JF 3rd. Morbidity of bleeding after cardiac surgery: is it blood transfusion, reoperation for bleeding, or both? Ann Thorac Surg 2011;91:1780-1790.
Hardy JF, Belisle S, Van der Linden P. Efficacy and safety of activated recombinant factor VII in cardiac surgical patients. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2009;22:95-99.
Lamy A, Devereaux PJ, Prabhakaran D, Taggart DP, Hu S, Paolasso E, Straka Z, Piegas LS, Akar AR, Jain AR, Noiseux N, Padmanabhan C, Bahamondes JC, Novick RJ, Vaijyanath P, Reddy S, Tao L, Olavegogeascoechea PA, Airan B, Sulling TA, Whitlock RP, Ou Y, Ng J, Chrolavicius S, Yusuf S. Off-pump or onpump coronary-Artery bypass grafting at 30 days. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1489-1497.
Rao SV, Jollis JG, Harrington RA, Granger CB, Newby LK, Armstrong PW, Moliterno DJ, Lindblad L, Pieper K, Topol EJ, Stamler JS, Califf RM. Relationship of blood transfusion and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 2004;292:1555-1562.
Sherwood MW, Wang Y, Curtis JP, Peterson ED, Rao SV. Patterns and outcomes of red blood cell transfusion in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA 2014;311:836-843.
Nikolsky E, Mehran R, Sadeghi HM, Grines CL, Cox DA, Garcia E, Tcheng JE, Griffin JJ, Guagliumi G, Stuckey T, Turco M, Fahy M, Lansky AJ, Stone GW. Prognostic impact of blood transfusion after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: analysis from the CADILLAC (Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications) trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2009;2:624-632.
Silvain J, Abtan J, Kerneis M, Martin R, Finzi J, Vignalou JB, Barthelemy O, O'Connor SA, Luyt CE, Brechot N, Mercadier A, Brugier D, Galier S, Collet JP, Chastre J, Montalescot G. Impact of red blood cell transfusion on platelet aggregation and inflammatory response in anemic coronary and noncoronary patients: the TRANSFUSION-2 study (impact of transfusion of red blood cell on platelet activation and aggregation studied with flow cytometry use and light transmission aggregometry). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:1289-1296
Carson JL, Carless PA, Hebert PC. Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;4:CD002042.
Kansagara D, Dyer E, Englander H, Fu R, Freeman M, Kagen D. Treatment of anemia in patients with heart disease: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2013;159:746-757.
Chatterjee S, Wetterslev J, Sharma A, Lichstein E, Mukherjee D. Association of blood transfusion with increased mortality in myocardial infarction: a meta-Analysis and diversity-Adjusted study sequential analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:132-139.
Cooper HA, Rao SV, Greenberg MD, Rumsey MP, McKenzie M, Alcorn KW, Panza JA. Conservative versus liberal red cell transfusion in acute myocardial infarction (the CRIT randomized pilot study). Am J Cardiol 2011;108:1108-1111.
Alexander KP, Chen AY, Wang TY, Rao SV, Newby LK, La Pointe NM, Ohman EM, Roe MT, Boden WE, Harrington RA, Peterson ED. Transfusion practice and outcomes in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J 2008;155:1047-1053.
Holst LB, Petersen MW, Haase N, Perner A, Wetterslev J. Restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategy for red blood cell transfusion: systematic review of randomised trials with meta-Analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMJ 2015;350:h1354.
Murphy GJ, Pike K, Rogers CA, Wordsworth S, Stokes EA, Angelini GD, Reeves BC. Liberal or restrictive transfusion after cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 2015;372:997-1008.
Mehta SR, Granger CB, Boden WE, Steg PG, Bassand JP, Faxon DP, Afzal R, Chrolavicius S, Jolly SS, Widimsky P, Avezum A, Rupprecht HJ, Zhu J, Col J, Natarajan MK, Horsman C, Fox KA, Yusuf S. Early versus delayed invasive intervention in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2009;360:2165-2175.
Thiele H, Rach J, Klein N, Pfeiffer D, Hartmann A, Hambrecht R, Sick P, Eitel I, Desch S, Schuler G. Optimal timing of invasive angiography in stable non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the Leipzig immediate versus early and late PercutaneouS coronary intervention triAl in NSTEMI (LIPSIA-NSTEMI trial). Eur Heart J 2012;33:2035-2043.
Ndrepepa G, Mehilli J, Schulz S, Iijima R, Keta D, Byrne RA, Pache J, Seyfarth M, Schomig A, Kastrati A. Patterns of presentation and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Cardiology 2009;113:198-206.
Kerensky RA, Wade M, Deedwania P, Boden WE, Pepine CJ. Revisiting the culprit lesion in non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Results from the VANQWISH trial angiographic core laboratory. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:1456-1463
Ambrose JA, Winters SL, Stern A, Eng A, Teichholz LE, Gorlin R, Fuster V. Angiographic morphology and the pathogenesis of unstable angina pectoris. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;5:609-616.
Goldstein JA, Demetriou D, Grines CL, Pica M, Shoukfeh M, O'Neill WW. Multiple complex coronary plaques in patients with acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2000;343:915-922.
Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012;32:2045-2051.
Virmani R, Burke AP, Farb A, Kolodgie FD. Pathology of the vulnerable plaque. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:C13-C18.
Vergallo R, Ren X, Yonetsu T, Kato K, Uemura S, Yu B, Jia H, Abtahian F, Aguirre AD, Tian J, Hu S, Soeda T, Lee H, McNulty I, Park SJ, Jang Y, Prasad A, Lee S, Zhang S, Porto I, Biasucci LM, Crea F, Jang IK. Pancoronary plaque vulnerability in patients with acute coronary syndrome and ruptured culprit plaque: a 3-vessel optical coherence tomography study. Am Heart J 2014;167:59-67.
Cheruvu PK, Finn AV, Gardner C, Caplan J, Goldstein J, Stone GW, Virmani R, Muller JE. Frequency and distribution of thin-cap fibroatheroma and ruptured plaques in human coronary arteries: a pathologic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:940-949.
Shishehbor MH, Lauer MS, Singh IM, Chew DP, Karha J, Brener SJ, Moliterno DJ, Ellis SG, Topol EJ, Bhatt DL. In unstable angina or non-ST-segment acute coronary syndrome, should patients with multivessel coronary artery disease undergo multivessel or culprit-only stenting? J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:849-854.
Sgarbossa EB, Birnbaum Y, Parrillo JE. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: current concepts for the clinician. Am Heart J 2001;141:507-517.
Kurisu S, Inoue I, Kawagoe T, Ishihara M, Shimatani Y, Nakamura S, Yoshida M, Mitsuba N, Hata T. Electrocardiographic features in patients with acute myocardial infarction associated with left main coronary artery occlusion. Heart 2004;90:1059-1060.
de Winter RJ, Verouden NJ, Wellens HJ, Wilde AA. A new ECG sign of proximal LAD occlusion. N Engl J Med 2008;359:2071-2073.
Tahvanainen M, Nikus KC, Holmvang L, Clemmensen P, Sclarovsky S, Birnbaum Y, Kelbaek H, Huhtala H, Tilsted HH, Eskola MJ. Factors associated with failure to identify the culprit artery by the electrocardiogram in inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction. J Electrocardiol 2011;44:495-501.
Tanaka A, Shimada K, Tearney GJ, Kitabata H, Taguchi H, Fukuda S, Kashiwagi M, Kubo T, Takarada S, Hirata K, Mizukoshi M, Yoshikawa J, Bouma BE, Akasaka T. Conformational change in coronary artery structure assessed by optical coherence tomography in patients with vasospastic angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:1608-1613.
Kato M, Dote K, Sasaki S, Kagawa E, Nakano Y, Watanabe Y, Higashi A, Itakura K, Ochiumi Y, Takiguchi Y. Presentations of acute coronary syndrome related to coronary lesion morphologies as assessed by intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography. Int J Cardiol 2013;165:506-511.
Pijls NH, Tanaka N, Fearon WF. Functional assessment of coronary stenoses: can we live without it? Eur Heart J 2013;34:1335-1344.
Gersh BJ, Frye RL. Methods of coronary revascularization-things may not be as they seem. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2235-2237.
Bavry AA, Kumbhani DJ, Rassi AN, Bhatt DL, Askari AT. Benefit of early invasive therapy in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-Analysis of contemporary randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1319-1325.
O'Donoghue M, Boden WE, Braunwald E, Cannon CP, Clayton TC, de Winter RJ, Fox KA, Lagerqvist B, McCullough PA, Murphy SA, Spacek R, Swahn E, Wallentin L, Windhausen F, Sabatine MS. Early invasive vs conservative treatment strategies in women and men with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-Analysis. JAMA 2008;300:71-80.
Fox KA, Clayton TC, Damman P, Pocock SJ, de Winter RJ, Tijssen JG, Lagerqvist B, Wallentin L. Long-term outcome of a routine versus selective invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome a meta-Analysis of individual patient data. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:2435-2445.
Noc M, Fajadet J, Lassen JF, Kala P, MacCarthy P, Olivecrona GK, Windecker S, Spaulding C. Invasive coronary treatment strategies for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a consensus statement from the European Association for Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI)/Stent For Life (SFL) groups. EuroIntervention 2014;10:31-37.
Katritsis DG, Siontis GC, Kastrati A, van't Hof AW, Neumann FJ, Siontis KC, Ioannidis JP. Optimal timing of coronary angiography and potential intervention in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2011;32:32-40.
Navarese EP, Gurbel PA, Andreotti F, Tantry U, Jeong YH, Kozinski M, Engstrom T, Di Pasquale G, Kochman W, Ardissino D, Kedhi E, Stone GW, Kubica J. Optimal timing of coronary invasive strategy in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. Ann Intern Med 2013;158:261-270.
Riezebos RK, Ronner E, Ter Bals E, Slagboom T, Smits PC, ten Berg JM, Kiemeneij F, Amoroso G, Patterson MS, Suttorp MJ, Tijssen JG, Laarman GJ. Immediate versus deferred coronary angioplasty in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Heart 2009;95:807-812.
Montalescot G, Cayla G, Collet JP, Elhadad S, Beygui F, Le Breton H, Choussat R, Leclercq F, Silvain J, Duclos F, Aout M, Dubois-Rande JL, Barthelemy O, Ducrocq G, Bellemain-Appaix A, Payot L, Steg PG, Henry P, Spaulding C, Vicaut E. Immediate vs delayed intervention for acute coronary syndromes: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2009;302:947-954.
Sorajja P, Gersh BJ, Cox DA, McLaughlin MG, Zimetbaum P, Costantini C, Stuckey T, Tcheng JE, Mehran R, Lansky AJ, Grines CL, Stone GW. Impact of delay to angioplasty in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing invasive management: analysis from the ACUITY (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage strategY) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:1416-1424.
Amsterdam EA, Kirk JD, Bluemke DA, Diercks D, Farkouh ME, Garvey JL, Kontos MC, McCord J, Miller TD, Morise A, Newby LK, Ruberg FL, Scordo KA, Thompson PD. Testing of low-risk patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010;122:1756-1776.
De Ferrari GM, Fox KA, White JA, Giugliano RP, Tricoci P, Reynolds HR, Hochman JS, Gibson CM, Theroux P, Harrington RA, Van de Werf F, White HD, Califf RM, Newby LK. Outcomes among non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes patients with no angiographically obstructive coronary artery disease: observations from 37, 101 patients. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2014;3:37-45.
Solomon MD, Go AS, Shilane D, Boothroyd DB, Leong TK, Kazi DS, Chang TI, Hlatky MA. Comparative effectiveness of clopidogrel in medically managed patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:2249-2257.
Roe MT, Armstrong PW, Fox KA, White HD, Prabhakaran D, Goodman SG, Cornel JH, Bhatt DL, Clemmensen P, Martinez F, Ardissino D, Nicolau JC, Boden WE, Gurbel PA, Ruzyllo W, Dalby AJ, McGuire DK, Leiva-Pons JL, Parkhomenko A, Gottlieb S, Topacio GO, Hamm C, Pavlides G, Goudev AR, Oto A, Tseng CD, Merkely B, Gasparovic V, Corbalan R, Cinteza M, McLendon RC, Winters KJ, Brown EB, Lokhnygina Y, Aylward PE, Huber K, Hochman JS, Ohman EM; TRILOGY ACS Investigators. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel for acute coronary syndromes without revascularization. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1297-1309.
James SK, Roe MT, Cannon CP, Cornel JH, Horrow J, Husted S, Katus H, Morais J, Steg PG, Storey RF, Stevens S, Wallentin L, Harrington RA. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes intended for non-invasive management: substudy from prospective randomised PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. BMJ 2011;342:d3527.
Williams B, Menon M, Satran D, Hayward D, Hodges JS, Burke MN, Johnson RK, Poulose AK, Traverse JH, Henry TD. Patients with coronary artery disease not amenable to traditional revascularization: prevalence and 3-year mortality. Cathet Cardiovasc Interv 2010;75:886-891.
Henry TD, Satran D, Hodges JS, Johnson RK, Poulose AK, Campbell AR, Garberich RF, Bart BA, Olson RE, Boisjolie CR, Harvey KL, Arndt TL, Traverse JH. Long-term survival in patients with refractory angina. Eur Heart J 2013;34:2683-2688.
Bellandi B, Salvadori C, Parodi G, Ebert AG, Petix N, Del Pace S, Boni A, Pestelli F, Fineschi M, Giomi A, Cresti A, Giuliani G, Venditti F, Querceto L, Gensini GF, Bolognese L, Bovenzi F. [Epidemiology of Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy: the Tuscany registry for Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2012;13:59-66.
Sy F, Basraon J, Zheng H, Singh M, Richina J, Ambrose JA. Frequency of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in postmenopausal women presenting with an acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2013;112:479-482.
Jaguszewski M, Osipova J, Ghadri JR, Napp LC, Widera C, Franke J, Fijalkowski M, Nowak R, Fijalkowska M, Volkmann I, Katus HA, Wollert KC, Bauersachs J, Erne P, Luscher TF, Thum T, Templin C. A signature of circulating microRNAs differentiates takotsubo cardiomyopathy from acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2014;35:999-1006.
Madhavan M, Prasad A. Proposed Mayo Clinic criteria for the diagnosis of Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy and long-term prognosis. Herz 2010;35:240-243.
Ong P, Athanasiadis A, Hill S, Vogelsberg H, Voehringer M, Sechtem U. Coronary artery spasm as a frequent cause of acute coronary syndrome: the CASPAR (Coronary Artery Spasm in Patients with Acute coRonary syndrome) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:523-527.
Mohri M, Koyanagi M, Egashira K, Tagawa H, Ichiki T, Shimokawa H, Takeshita A. Angina pectoris caused by coronary microvascular spasm. Lancet 1998;351:1165-1169.
Raber L, Kelbaek H, Ostojic M, Baumbach A, Heg D, Tuller D, von Birgelen C, Roffi M, Moschovitis A, Khattab AA, Wenaweser P, Bonvini R, Pedrazzini G, Kornowski R, Weber K, Trelle S, Luscher TF, Taniwaki M, Matter CM, Meier B, Juni P, Windecker S. Effect of biolimus-eluting stents with biodegradable polymer vs bare-metal stents on cardiovascular events among patients with acute myocardial infarction: the COMFORTABLE AMI randomized trial. JAMA 2012;308:777-787
Sabate M, Cequier A, Iniguez A, Serra A, Hernandez-Antolin R, Mainar V, Valgimigli M, Tespili M, den Heijer P, Bethencourt A, Vazquez N, Gomez-Hospital JA, Baz JA, Martin-Yuste V, van Geuns RJ, Alfonso F, Bordes P, Tebaldi M, Masotti M, Silvestro A, Backx B, Brugaletta S, van Es GA, Serruys PW. Everolimus-eluting stent versus bare-metal stent in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (examination): 1 year results of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012;380:1482-1490.
Valgimigli M, Tebaldi M, Borghesi M, Vranckx P, Campo G, Tumscitz C, Cangiano E, Minarelli M, Scalone A, Cavazza C, Marchesini J, Parrinello G. Twoyear outcomes after first- or second-generation drug-eluting or bare-metal stent implantation in all-comer patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a pre-specified analysis from the PRODIGY study (prolonging dual antiplatelet treatment after grading stent-induced intimal hyperplasia study). JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014;7:20-28.
Lagerqvist B, Frobert O, Olivecrona GK, Gudnason T, Maeng M, Alstrom P, Andersson J, Calais F, Carlsson J, Collste O, Gotberg M, Hardhammar P, Ioanes D, Kallryd A, Linder R, Lundin A, Odenstedt J, Omerovic E, Puskar V, Todt T, Zelleroth E, Ostlund O, James SK. Outcomes 1 year after thrombus aspiration for myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2014;371:1111-1120.
Jolly SS, Yusuf S, Cairns J, Niemela K, Xavier D, Widimsky P, Budaj A, Niemela M, Valentin V, Lewis BS, Avezum A, Steg PG, Rao SV, Gao P, Afzal R, Joyner CD, Chrolavicius S, Mehta SR. Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes (RIVAL): a randomised, parallel group, multicentre trial. Lancet 2011;377:1409-1420.
Rao SV, Hess CN, Barham B, Aberle LH, Anstrom KJ, Patel TB, Jorgensen JP, Mazzaferri EL Jr., Jolly SS, Jacobs A, Newby LK, Gibson CM, Kong DF, Mehran R, Waksman R, Gilchrist IC, McCourt BJ, Messenger JC, Peterson ED, Harrington RA, Krucoff MW. A registry-based randomized trial comparing radial and femoral approaches in women undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the SAFE-PCI for Women (Study of Access Site for Enhancement of PCI for Women) trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014;7:857-867.
Hamon M, Pristipino C, Di Mario C, Nolan J, Ludwig J, Tubaro M, Sabate M, Mauri-Ferre J, Huber K, Niemela K, Haude M, Wijns W, Dudek D, Fajadet J, Kiemeneij F. Consensus document on the radial approach in percutaneous cardiovascular interventions: position paper by the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions and working groups on Acute Cardiac Care and Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology. EuroIntervention 2013;8:1242-1251.
Cannon CP, Weintraub WS, Demopoulos LA, Vicari R, Frey MJ, Lakkis N, Neumann FJ, Robertson DH, De Lucca PT, Di Battiste PM, Gibson CM, Braunwald E. Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1879-1887.
Fox KA, Poole-Wilson PA, Henderson RA, Clayton TC, Chamberlain DA, Shaw TR, Wheatley DJ, Pocock SJ, Randomized Intervention Trial of unstable Angina I. Interventional versus conservative treatment for patients with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the British Heart Foundation RITA 3 randomised trial. Randomized intervention trial of unstable angina. Lancet 2002;360:743-751.
Wallentin L, Lagerqvist B, Husted S, Kontny F, Stahle E, Swahn E. Outcome at 1 year after an invasive compared with a non-invasive strategy in unstable coronary-Artery disease: the FRISC II invasive randomised trial. Lancet 2000;356:9-16.
Farooq V, Serruys PW, Bourantas CV, Zhang Y, Muramatsu T, Feldman T, Holmes DR, Mack M, Morice MC, Stahle E, Colombo A, de Vries T, Morel MA, Dawkins KD, Kappetein AP, Mohr FW. Quantification of incomplete revascularization and its association with five-year mortality in the SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) trial validation of the residual SYNTAX score. Circulation 2013;128:141-151
Genereux P, Palmerini T, Caixeta A, Rosner G, Green P, Dressler O, Xu K, Parise H, Mehran R, Serruys PW, Stone GW. Quantification and impact of untreated coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention: the residual SYNTAX (SYNergy between PCI with TAXus and cardiac surgery) score. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:2165-2174.
Curtis JP, Schreiner G, Wang Y, Chen J, Spertus JA, Rumsfeld JS, Brindis RG, Krumholz HM. All-cause readmission and repeat revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention in a cohort of Medicare patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:903-907.
Meadows ES, Bae JP, Zagar A, Sugihara T, Ramaswamy K, McCracken R, Heiselman D. Rehospitalization following percutaneous coronary intervention for commercially insured patients with acute coronary syndrome: a retrospective analysis. BMC Res Notes 2012;5:342.
Ranasinghe I, Alprandi-Costa B, Chow V, Elliott JM, Waites J, Counsell JT, Lopez-Sendon J, Avezum A, Goodman SG, Granger CB, Brieger D. Risk stratification in the setting of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes 1999-2007. Am J Cardiol 2011;108:617-624.
Martensson S, Gyrd-Hansen D, Prescott E, Andersen PK, Zwisler AD, Osler M. Trends in time to invasive examination and treatment from 2001 to 2009 in patients admitted first time with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina in Denmark. BMJ Open 2014;4:e004052.
Fukui T, Tabata M, Morita S, Takanashi S. Early and long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with acute coronary syndrome versus stable angina pectoris. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;145:1577-1583, e1571.
Weiss ES, Chang DD, Joyce DL, Nwakanma LU, Yuh DD. Optimal timing of coronary artery bypass after acute myocardial infarction: a review of California discharge data. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;135:503-511, e501-503.
Deyell MW, Ghali WA, Ross DB, Zhang J, Hemmelgarn BR. Timing of nonemergent coronary artery bypass grafting and mortality after non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J 2010;159:490-496.
Parikh SV, de Lemos JA, Jessen ME, Brilakis ES, Ohman EM, Chen AY, Wang TY, Peterson ED, Roe MT, Holper EM. Timing of in-hospital coronary artery bypass graft surgery for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients results from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ACTION Registry-GWTG (Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With The Guidelines). JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010;3:419-427.
Lim E, Ali Z, Ali A, Routledge T, Edmonds L, Altman DG, Large S. Indirect comparison meta-Analysis of aspirin therapy after coronary surgery. BMJ 2003;327:1309.
Gavaghan TP, Gebski V, Baron DW. Immediate postoperative aspirin improves vein graft patency early and late after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A placebo-controlled, randomized study. Circulation 1991;83:1526-1533.
Biondi-Zoccai GG, Lotrionte M, Agostoni P, Abbate A, Fusaro M, Burzotta F, Testa L, Sheiban I, Sangiorgi G. A systematic review and meta-Analysis on the hazards of discontinuing or not adhering to aspirin among 50, 279 patients at risk for coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2006;27:2667-2674.
Sun JC, Whitlock R, Cheng J, Eikelboom JW, Thabane L, Crowther MA, Teoh KH. The effect of pre-operative aspirin on bleeding, transfusion, myocardial infarction, and mortality in coronary artery bypass surgery: a systematic review of randomized and observational studies. Eur Heart J 2008;29:1057-1071.
Deja MA, Kargul T, Domaradzki W, Stacel T, Mazur W, Wojakowski W, Gocol R, Gaszewska-Zurek E, Zurek P, Pytel A, Wos S. Effects of preoperative aspirin in coronary artery bypass grafting: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;144:204-209.
Biancari F, Airaksinen KE, Lip GY. Benefits and risks of using clopidogrel before coronary artery bypass surgery: systematic review and meta-Analysis of randomized trials and observational studies. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;143:665-675, e664.
Nijjer SS, Watson G, Athanasiou T, Malik IS. Safety of clopidogrel being continued until the time of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a meta-Analysis of 34 studies. Eur Heart J 2011;32:2970-2988.
Mahla E, Suarez TA, Bliden KP, Rehak P, Metzler H, Sequeira AJ, Cho P, Sell J, Fan J, Antonino MJ, Tantry US, Gurbel PA. Platelet function measurement-based strategy to reduce bleeding and waiting time in clopidogrel-treated patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: the timing based on platelet function strategy to reduce clopidogrel-Associated bleeding related to CABG (TARGETCABG) study. Circulation Cardiovasc Interv 2012;5:261-269.
Rastan AJ, Eckenstein JI, Hentschel B, Funkat AK, Gummert JF, Doll N, Walther T, Falk V, Mohr FW. Emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery for acute coronary syndrome: beating heart versus conventional cardioplegic cardiac arrest strategies. Circulation 2006;114:I477-485.
Ben-Gal Y, Moses JW, Mehran R, Lansky AJ, Weisz G, Nikolsky E, Argenziano M, Williams MR, Colombo A, Aylward PE, Stone GW. Surgical versus percutaneous revascularization for multivessel disease in patients with acute coronary syndromes: analysis from the ACUITY (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage strategY) trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010;3:1059-1067.
Harling L, Moscarelli M, Kidher E, Fattouch K, Ashrafian H, Athanasiou T. The effect of off-pump coronary artery bypass on mortality after acute coronary syndrome: a meta-Analysis. Int J Cardiol 2013;169:339-348.
Stamou SC, Hill PC, Haile E, Prince S, Mack MJ, Corso PJ. Clinical outcomes of nonelective coronary revascularization with and without cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;131:28-33.
Hlatky MA, Boothroyd DB, Bravata DM, Boersma E, Booth J, Brooks MM, Carrie D, Clayton TC, Danchin N, Flather M, Hamm CW, Hueb WA, Kahler J, Kelsey SF, King SB, Kosinski AS, Lopes N, McDonald KM, Rodriguez A, Serruys P, Sigwart U, Stables RH, Owens DK, Pocock SJ. Coronary artery bypass surgery compared with percutaneous coronary interventions for multivessel disease: a collaborative analysis of individual patient data from ten randomised trials. Lancet 2009;373:1190-1197.
Mohr FW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Feldman TE, Stahle E, Colombo A, Mack MJ, Holmes DR Jr, Morel MA, Van Dyck N, Houle VM, Dawkins KD, Serruys PW. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with three-vessel disease and left main coronary disease: 5-year followup of the randomised, clinical SYNTAX trial. Lancet 2013;381:629-638.
Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Sleeper LA, Siami FS, Dangas G, Mack M, Yang M, Cohen DJ, Rosenberg Y, Solomon SD, Desai AS, Gersh BJ, Magnuson EA, Lansky A, Boineau R, Weinberger J, Ramanathan K, Sousa JE, Rankin J, Bhargava B, Buse J, Hueb W, Smith CR, Muratov V, Bansilal S, King S 3rd, Bertrand M, Fuster V. Strategies for multivessel revascularization in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med 2012;367:2375-2384.
Windecker S, Kolh P, Alfonso F, Collet JP, Cremer J, Falk V, Filippatos G, Hamm C, Head SJ, Juni P, Kappetein AP, Kastrati A, Knuuti J, Landmesser U, Laufer G, Neumann FJ, Richter DJ, Schauerte P, Sousa Uva M, Stefanini GG, Taggart DP, Torracca L, Valgimigli M, Wijns W, Witkowski A. 2014 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J 2014;35:2541-2619.
Palmerini T, Genereux P, Caixeta A, Cristea E, Lansky A, Mehran R, Dangas G, Lazar D, Sanchez R, Fahy M, Xu K, Stone GW. Prognostic value of the SYNTAX score in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: analysis from the ACUITY (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage strategY) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:2389-2397.
Hasdai D, Harrington RA, Hochman JS, Califf RM, Battler A, Box JW, Simoons ML, Deckers J, Topol EJ, Holmes DR Jr. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade and outcome of cardiogenic shock complicating acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:685-692.
Holmes DR Jr., Berger PB, Hochman JS, Granger CB, Thompson TD, Califf RM, Vahanian A, Bates ER, Topol EJ. Cardiogenic shock in patients with acute ischemic syndromes with and without ST-segment elevation. Circulation 1999;100:2067-2073.
Hollenberg SM, Kavinsky CJ, Parrillo JE. Cardiogenic shock. Ann Intern Med 1999;131:47-59.
Thiele H, Zeymer U, Neumann FJ, Ferenc M, Olbrich HG, Hausleiter J, Richardt G, Hennersdorf M, Empen K, Fuernau G, Desch S, Eitel I, Hambrecht R, Fuhrmann J, Bohm M, Ebelt H, Schneider S, Schuler G, Werdan K. Intraaortic balloon support for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1287-1296.
Stefanini GG, Baber U, Windecker S, Morice MC, Sartori S, Leon MB, Stone GW, Serruys PW, Wijns W, Weisz G, Camenzind E, Steg PG, Smits PC, Kandzari D, Von Birgelen C, Galatius S, Jeger RV, Kimura T, Mikhail GW, Itchhaporia D, Mehta L, Ortega R, Kim HS, Valgimigli M, Kastrati A, Chieffo A, Mehran R. Safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents in women: a patient-level pooled analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2013;382:1879-1888.
Kaiser C, Galatius S, Erne P, Eberli F, Alber H, Rickli H, Pedrazzini G, Hornig B, Bertel O, Bonetti P, De Servi S, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Ricard I, Pfisterer M. Drug-eluting versus bare-metal stents in large coronary arteries. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2310-2319.
Greenhalgh J, Hockenhull J, Rao N, Dundar Y, Dickson RC, Bagust A. Drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents for angina or acute coronary syndromes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;5:CD004587
Kirtane AJ, Gupta A, Iyengar S, Moses JW, Leon MB, Applegate R, Brodie B, Hannan E, Harjai K, Jensen LO, Park SJ, Perry R, Racz M, Saia F, Tu JV, Waksman R, Lansky AJ, Mehran R, Stone GW. Safety and efficacy of drug-eluting and bare metal stents: comprehensive meta-Analysis of randomized trials and observational studies. Circulation 2009;119:3198-3206.
Moses JW, Mehran R, Nikolsky E, Lasala JM, Corey W, Albin G, Hirsch C, Leon MB, Russell ME, Ellis SG, Stone GW. Outcomes with the paclitaxel-eluting stent in patients with acute coronary syndromes: analysis from the TAXUS-IV trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1165-1171.
Yan AT, Yan RT, Tan M, Fung A, Cohen EA, Fitchett DH, Langer A, Goodman SG, Canadian Acute Coronary Syndromes 1 and 2 Registry Investigators. Management patterns in relation to risk stratification among patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:1009-1016.
Poon S, Goodman SG, Yan RT, Bugiardini R, Bierman AS, Eagle KA, Johnston N, Huynh T, Grondin FR, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Yan AT. Bridging the gender gap: insights from a contemporary analysis of sex-related differences in the treatment and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J 2012;163:66-73.
Canto JG, Rogers WJ, Goldberg RJ, Peterson ED, Wenger NK, Vaccarino V, Kiefe CI, Frederick PD, Sopko G, Zheng ZJ, Investigators N. Association of age and sex with myocardial infarction symptom presentation and in-hospital mortality. JAMA 2012;307:813-822.
Mehilli J, Kastrati A, Dirschinger J, Pache J, Seyfarth M, Blasini R, Hall D, Neumann FJ, Schomig A. Sex-based analysis of outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated predominantly with percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA 2002;287:210-215.
Alfredsson J, Lindback J, Wallentin L, Swahn E. Similar outcome with an invasive strategy in men and women with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: from the Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidencebased care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART). Eur Heart J 2011;32:3128-3136.
Chew DP, Juergens C, French J, Parsonage W, Horsfall M, Brieger D, Quinn S. An examination of clinical intuition in risk assessment among acute coronary syndromes patients: observations from a prospective multi-center international observational registry. Int J Cardiol 2014;171:209-216.
Gore MO, Seliger SL, Defilippi CR, Nambi V, Christenson RH, Hashim IA, Hoogeveen RC, Ayers CR, Sun W, McGuire DK, Ballantyne CM, de Lemos JA. Age- and sex-dependent upper reference limits for the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T assay. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:1441-1448.
Dey S, Flather MD, Devlin G, Brieger D, Gurfinkel EP, Steg PG, Fitzgerald G, Jackson EA, Eagle KA, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Investigators. Sex-related differences in the presentation, treatment and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Heart 2009;95:20-26.
Hochman JS, Tamis JE, Thompson TD, Weaver WD, White HD, Van de Werf F, Aylward P, Topol EJ, Califf RM. Sex, clinical presentation, and outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes IIb Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999;341:226-232.
Wiviott SD, Cannon CP, Morrow DA, Murphy SA, Gibson CM, McCabe CH, Sabatine MS, Rifai N, Giugliano RP, Di Battiste PM, Demopoulos LA, Antman EM, Braunwald E. Differential expression of cardiac biomarkers by gender in patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a TACTICS-TIMI 18 (Treat Angina with Aggrastat and determine Cost of Therapy with an Invasive or Conservative Strategy-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 18) substudy. Circulation 2004;109:580-586.
Terkelsen CJ, Sorensen JT, Maeng M, Jensen LO, Tilsted HH, Trautner S, Vach W, Johnsen SP, Thuesen L, Lassen JF. System delay and mortality among patients with STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA 2010;304:763-771.
Alexander KP, Chen AY, Newby LK, Schwartz JB, Redberg RF, Hochman JS, Roe MT, Gibler WB, Ohman EM, Peterson ED. Sex differences in major bleeding with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors: results from the CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines) initiative. Circulation 2006;114:1380-1387.
Jneid H, Fonarow GC, Cannon CP, Hernandez AF, Palacios IF, Maree AO, Wells Q, Bozkurt B, Labresh KA, Liang L, Hong Y, Newby LK, Fletcher G, Peterson E, Wexler L. Sex differences in medical care and early death after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2008;118:2803-2810.
Vaccarino V, Parsons L, Peterson ED, Rogers WJ, Kiefe CI, Canto J. Sex differences in mortality after acute myocardial infarction: changes from 1994 to 2006. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:1767-1774.
Mehilli J, Kastrati A, Bollwein H, Dibra A, Schuhlen H, Dirschinger J, Schomig A. Gender and restenosis after coronary artery stenting. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1523-1530.
Blomkalns AL, Chen AY, Hochman JS, Peterson ED, Trynosky K, Diercks DB, Brogan GX Jr, Boden WE, Roe MT, Ohman EM, Gibler WB, Newby LK. Gender disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: large-scale observations from the CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines) national quality improvement initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:832-837.
Gale CP, Cattle BA, Woolston A, Baxter PD, West TH, Simms AD, Blaxill J, Greenwood DC, Fox KA, West RM. Resolving inequalitiesin care? Reduced mortality in the elderly after acute coronary syndromes. The myocardial ischaemia national audit project 2003-2010. Eur Heart J 2012;33:630-639.
Bauer T, Koeth O, Junger C, Heer T, Wienbergen H, Gitt A, Zahn R, Senges J, Zeymer U. Effect of an invasive strategy on in-hospital outcome in elderly patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2007;28:2873-2878.
Alexander KP, Newby LK, Cannon CP, Armstrong PW, Gibler WB, Rich MW, Van de Werf F, White HD, Weaver WD, Naylor MD, Gore JM, Krumholz HM, Ohman EM. Acute coronary care in the elderly, part I: non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: in collaboration with the Society of Geriatric Cardiology. Circulation 2007;115:2549-2569.
Rosengren A, Wallentin L, Simoons M, Gitt AK, Behar S, Battler A, Hasdai D. Age, clinical presentation, and outcome of acute coronary syndromes in the Euroheart acute coronary syndrome survey. Eur Heart J 2006;27:789-795.
Brieger D, Eagle KA, Goodman SG, Steg PG, Budaj A, White K, Montalescot G. Acute coronary syndromes without chest pain, an underdiagnosed and undertreated high-risk group: insights from the global registry of acute coronary events. Chest 2004;126:461-469.
Reiter M, Twerenbold R, Reichlin T, Haaf P, Peter F, Meissner J, Hochholzer W, Stelzig C, Freese M, Heinisch C, Breidthardt T, Freidank H, Winkler K, Campodarve I, Gea J, Mueller C. Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly using more sensitive cardiac troponin assays. Eur Heart J 2011;32:1379-1389.
Fox KA, Eagle KA, Gore JM, Steg PG, Anderson FA. The global registry of acute coronary events, 1999 to 2009-GRACE. Heart 2010;96:1095-1101.
Skolnick AH, Alexander KP, Chen AY, Roe MT, Pollack CV Jr, Ohman EM, Rumsfeld JS, Gibler WB, Peterson ED, Cohen DJ. Characteristics, management, and outcomes of 5, 557 patients age =90 years with acute coronary syndromes: results from the CRUSADE initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:1790-1797.
Devlin G, Gore JM, Elliott J, Wijesinghe N, Eagle KA, Avezum A, Huang W, Brieger D. Management and 6-month outcomes in elderly and very elderly patients with high-risk non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Eur Heart J 2008;29:1275-1282.
Malkin CJ, Prakash R, Chew DP. The impact of increased age on outcome from a strategy of early invasive management and revascularisation in patients with acute coronary syndromes: retrospective analysis study from the ACACIA registry. BMJ Open 2012;2:e000540.
Bach RG, Cannon CP, Weintraub WS, Di Battiste PM, Demopoulos LA, Anderson HV, De Lucca PT, Mahoney EM, Murphy SA, Braunwald E. The effect of routine, early invasive management on outcome for elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:186-195.
Savonitto S, Cavallini C, Petronio AS, Murena E, Antonicelli R, Sacco A, Steffenino G, Bonechi F, Mossuti E, Manari A, Tolaro S, Toso A, Daniotti A, Piscione F, Morici N, Cesana BM, Jori MC, De Servi S. Early aggressive versus initially conservative treatment in elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012;5:906-916.
Andreotti F, Rocca B, Husted S, Ajjan RA, Ten Berg J, Cattaneo M, Collet JP, De Caterina R, Fox KA, Halvorsen S, Huber K, Hylek EM, Lip GY, Montalescot G, Morais J, Patrono C, Verheugt FW, Wallentin L, Weiss TW, Storey RF. Antithrombotic therapy in the elderly: expert position paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis. Eur Heart J 2015 Jul. 9; doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv304 [Epub ahead of print].
Afilalo J, Alexander KP, Mack MJ, Maurer MS, Green P, Allen LA, Popma JJ, Ferrucci L, Forman DE. Frailty assessment in the cardiovascular care of older adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:747-62.
Ekerstad N, Swahn E, Janzon M, Alfredsson J, Lofmark R, Lindenberger M, Carlsson P. Frailty is independently associated with short-term outcomes for elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation 2011;124:2397-2404.
Giraldez RR, Clare RM, Lopes RD, Dalby AJ, Prabhakaran D, Brogan GX Jr, Giugliano RP, James SK, Tanguay JF, Pollack CV Jr, Harrington RA, Braunwald E, Newby LK. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and prediabetes among patients with high-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J 2013;165:918-925, e912.
Conaway DG, O'Keefe JH, Reid KJ, Spertus J. Frequency of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2005;96:363-365.
Norhammar A, Tenerz A, Nilsson G, Hamsten A, Efendic S, Ryden L, Malmberg K. Glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. Lancet 2002;359:2140-2144.
Bartnik M, Ryden L, Malmberg K, Ohrvik J, Pyorala K, Standl E, Ferrari R, Simoons M, Soler-Soler J. Oral glucose tolerance test is needed for appropriate classification of glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on Diabetes and the Heart. Heart 2007;93:72-77.
Dotevall A, Hasdai D, Wallentin L, Battler A, Rosengren A. Diabetes mellitus: clinical presentation and outcome in men and women with acute coronary syndromes. Data from the Euro Heart Survey ACS. Diabet Med 2005;22:1542-1550.
Donahoe SM, Stewart GC, McCabe CH, Mohanavelu S, Murphy SA, Cannon CP, Antman EM. Diabetes and mortality following acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 2007;298:765-775.
Angiolillo DJ. Antiplatelet therapy in diabetes: efficacy and limitations of current treatment strategies and future directions. Diabetes Care 2009;32:531-540.
Ferreiro JL, Angiolillo DJ. Diabetes and antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndrome. Circulation 2011;123:798-813.
Bartnik M, Malmberg K, Norhammar A, Tenerz A, Ohrvik J, Ryden L. Newly detected abnormal glucose tolerance: an important predictor of long-term outcome after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1990-1997.
De Caterina R, Madonna R, Sourij H, Wascher T. Glycaemic control in acute coronary syndromes: prognostic value and therapeutic options. Eur Heart J 2010;31:1557-1564.
Svensson AM, McGuire DK, Abrahamsson P, Dellborg M. Association between hyper- and hypoglycaemia and 2 year all-cause mortality risk in diabetic patients with acute coronary events. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1255-1261.
Ryden L, Grant PJ, Anker SD, Berne C, Cosentino F, Danchin N, Deaton C, Escaned J, Hammes HP, Huikuri H, Marre M, Marx N, Mellbin L, Ostergren J, Patrono C, Seferovic P, Uva MS, Taskinen MR, Tendera M, Tuomilehto J, Valensi P, Zamorano JL, Achenbach S, Baumgartner H, Bax JJ, Bueno H, Dean V, Erol C, Fagard R, Ferrari R, Hasdai D, Hoes AW, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, Lancellotti P, Linhart A, Nihoyannopoulos P, Piepoli MF, Ponikowski P, Sirnes PA, Tamargo JL, Torbicki A, Wijns W, Windecker S, De Backer G, Ezquerra EA, Avogaro A, Badimon L, Baranova E, Betteridge J, Ceriello A, Funck-Brentano C, Gulba DC, Kjekshus JK, Lev E, Mueller C, Neyses L, Nilsson PM, Perk J, Reiner Z, Sattar N, Schachinger V, Scheen A, Schirmer H, Stromberg A, Sudzhaeva S, Viigimaa M, Vlachopoulos C, Xuereb RG. ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J 2013;34:3035-3087.
Verges B, Avignon A, Bonnet F, Catargi B, Cattan S, Cosson E, Ducrocq G, Elbaz M, Fredenrich A, Gourdy P, Henry P, Lairez O, Leguerrier AM, Monpere C, Moulin P, Verges-Patois B, Roussel R, Steg G, Valensi P. Consensus statement on the care of the hyperglycaemic/diabetic patient during and in the immediate follow-up of acute coronary syndrome. Diabetes Metab 2012;38:113-127.
Kappetein AP, Head SJ, Morice MC, Banning AP, Serruys PW, Mohr FW, Dawkins KD, Mack MJ. Treatment of complex coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes: 5-year results comparing outcomes of bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention in the SYNTAX trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013;43:1006-1013.
Kapur A, Hall RJ, Malik IS, Qureshi AC, Butts J, de Belder M, Baumbach A, Angelini G, de Belder A, Oldroyd KG, Flather M, Roughton M, Nihoyannopoulos P, Bagger JP, Morgan K, Beatt KJ. Randomized comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary artery bypass grafting in diabetic patients. 1-year results of the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Revascularization in DIAbetes) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:432-440.
Roffi M, Angiolillo DJ, Kappetein AP. Current concepts on coronary revascularization in diabetic patients. Eur Heart J 2011;32:2748-2757.
Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, Angiolillo DJ, Meisel S, Dalby AJ, Verheugt FW, Goodman SG, Corbalan R, Purdy DA, Murphy SA, McCabe CH, Antman EM. Greater clinical benefit of more intensive oral antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel in patients with diabetes mellitus in the trial to assess improvement in therapeutic outcomes by optimizing platelet inhibition with prasugrel-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 38. Circulation 2008;118:1626-1636.
James S, Angiolillo DJ, Cornel JH, Erlinge D, Husted S, Kontny F, Maya J, Nicolau JC, Spinar J, Storey RF, Stevens SR, Wallentin L. Ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and diabetes: a substudy from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Eur Heart J 2010;31:3006-3016.
Roffi M, Chew DP, Mukherjee D, Bhatt DL, White JA, Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Moliterno DJ, Califf RM, White HD, Kleiman NS, Theroux P, Topol EJ. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors reduce mortality in diabetic patients with non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2001;104:2767-2771.
O'Donoghue ML, Vaidya A, Afsal R, Alfredsson J, Boden WE, Braunwald E, Cannon CP, Clayton TC, de Winter RJ, Fox KA, Lagerqvist B, McCullough PA, Murphy SA, Spacek R, Swahn E, Windhausen F, Sabatine MS. An invasive or conservative strategy in patients with diabetes mellitus and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: a collaborative meta-Analysis of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:106-111.
Roffi M, Topol EJ. Percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2004;25:190-198.
Daemen J, Garcia-Garcia HM, Kukreja N, Imani F, de Jaegere PP, Sianos G, van Domburg RT, Serruys PW. The long-term value of sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents over bare metal stents in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J 2007;28:26-32.
Verma S, Farkouh ME, Yanagawa B, Fitchett DH, Ahsan MR, Ruel M, Sud S, Gupta M, Singh S, Gupta N, Cheema AN, Leiter LA, Fedak PW, Teoh H, Latter DA, Fuster V, Friedrich JO. Comparison of coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes: a meta-Analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2013;1:317-328.
Hakeem A, Garg N, Bhatti S, Rajpurohit N, Ahmed Z, Uretsky BF. Effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents compared with bypass surgery in diabetics with multivessel coronary disease: comprehensive systematic review and meta-Analysis of randomized clinical data. J Am Heart Assoc 2013;2:e000354.
Ezekowitz J, McAlister FA, Humphries KH, Norris CM, Tonelli M, Ghali WA, Knudtson ML. The association among renal insufficiency, pharmacotherapy, and outcomes in 6, 427 patients with heart failure and coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1587-1592.
Szummer K, Lundman P, Jacobson SH, Schon S, Lindback J, Stenestrand U, Wallentin L, Jernberg T. Relation between renal function, presentation, use of therapies and in-hospital complications in acute coronary syndrome: data from the SWEDEHEART register. J Intern Med 2010;268:40-49.
Szummer K, Lundman P, Jacobson SH, Schon S, Lindback J, Stenestrand U, Wallentin L, Jernberg T. Influence of renal function on the effects of early revascularization in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: data from the Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDE-HEART). Circulation 2009;120:851-858.
James S, Budaj A, Aylward P, Buck KK, Cannon CP, Cornel JH, Harrington RA, Horrow J, Katus H, Keltai M, Lewis BS, Parikh K, Storey RF, Szummer K, Wojdyla D, Wallentin L. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in acute coronary syndromes in relation to renal function: results from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Circulation 2010;122:1056-1067.
Grand'Maison A, Charest AF, Geerts WH. Anticoagulant use in patients with chronic renal impairment. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2005;5:291-305.
Capodanno D, Angiolillo DJ. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Circulation 2012;125:2649-2661.
Kubitza D, Becka M, Mueck W, Halabi A, Maatouk H, Klause N, Lufft V, Wand DD, Philipp T, Bruck H. Effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of rivaroxaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010;70:703-712.
Collet JP, Montalescot G, Agnelli G, Van de Werf F, Gurfinkel EP, Lopez-Sendon J, Laufenberg CV, Klutman M, Gowda N, Gulba D. Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome in patients with renal dysfunction: benefit of low-molecular-weight heparin alone or with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors on outcomes. The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Eur Heart J 2005;26:2285-2293.
Fox KA, Bassand JP, Mehta SR, Wallentin L, Theroux P, Piegas LS, Valentin V, Moccetti T, Chrolavicius S, Afzal R, Yusuf S. Influence of renal function on the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux relative to enoxaparin in non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:304-310.
Brar SS, Shen AY, Jorgensen MB, Kotlewski A, Aharonian VJ, Desai N, Ree M, Shah AI, Burchette RJ. Sodium bicarbonate vs sodium chloride for the prevention of contrast medium-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography: a randomized trial. JAMA 2008;300:1038-1046.
Merten GJ, Burgess WP, Gray LV, Holleman JH, Roush TS, Kowalchuk GJ, Bersin RM, Van Moore A, Simonton CA 3rd, Rittase RA, Norton HJ, Kennedy TP. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:2328-2334.
Jo SH, Youn TJ, Koo BK, Park JS, Kang HJ, Cho YS, Chung WY, Joo GW, Chae IH, Choi DJ, Oh BH, Lee MM, Park YB, Kim HS. Renal toxicity evaluation and comparison between Visipaque (iodixanol) and Hexabrix (ioxaglate) in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing coronary angiography: the RECOVER study: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:924-930.
Maioli M, Toso A, Leoncini M, Micheletti C, Bellandi F. Effects of hydration in contrast-induced acute kidney injury after primary angioplasty: a randomized, controlled trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2011;4:456-462.
Aspelin P, Aubry P, Fransson SG, Strasser R, Willenbrock R, Berg KJ. Nephrotoxic effects in high-risk patients undergoing angiography. N Engl J Med 2003;348:491-499.
Solomon RJ, Natarajan MK, Doucet S, Sharma SK, Staniloae CS, Katholi RE, Gelormini JL, Labinaz M, Moreyra AE. Cardiac Angiography in Renally Impaired Patients (CARE) study: a randomized double-blind trial of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Circulation 2007;115:3189-3196.
Tsai TT, Messenger JC, Brennan JM, Patel UD, Dai D, Piana RN, Anstrom KJ, Eisenstein EL, Dokholyan RS, Peterson ED, Douglas PS. Safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents in older patients with chronic kidney disease: a report from the linked CathPCI Registry-CMS claims database. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:1859-1869.
Shenoy C, Boura J, Orshaw P, Harjai KJ. Drug-eluting stents in patients with chronic kidney disease: a prospective registry study. PLoS One 2010;5:e15070.
Chang TI, Shilane D, Kazi DS, Montez-Rath ME, Hlatky MA, Winkelmayer WC. Multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention in ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012;23:2042-2049.
Zheng H, Xue S, Lian F, Huang RT, Hu ZL, Wang YY. Meta-Analysis of clinical studies comparing coronary artery bypass grafting with percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with end-stage renal disease. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013;43:459-467.
Fox CS, Muntner P, Chen AY, Alexander KP, Roe MT, Cannon CP, Saucedo JF, Kontos MC, Wiviott SD. Use of evidence-based therapies in short-term outcomes of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with chronic kidney disease: a report from the National Cardiovascular Data Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network registry. Circulation 2010;121:357-365.
Yan LQ, Guo LJ, Zhang FC, Gao W. The relationship between kidney function and angiographically-derived SYNTAX score. Can J Cardiol 2011;27:768-772.
Steg PG, Dabbous OH, Feldman LJ, Cohen-Solal A, Aumont MC, Lopez-Sendon J, Budaj A, Goldberg RJ, Klein W, Anderson FA Jr. Determinants and prognostic impact of heart failure complicating acute coronary syndromes: observations from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Circulation 2004;109:494-499.
Roger VL. Epidemiology of heart failure. Circ Res 2013;113:646-659.
McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, Bohm M, Dickstein K, Falk V, Filippatos G, Fonseca C, Gomez-Sanchez MA, Jaarsma T, Kober L, Lip GY, Maggioni AP, Parkhomenko A, Pieske BM, Popescu BA, Ronnevik PK, Rutten FH, Schwitter J, Seferovic P, Stepinska J, Trindade PT, Voors AA, Zannad F, Zeiher A. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012. Eur Heart J 2012;33:1787-1847.
Thiele H, Zeymer U, Neumann FJ, Ferenc M, Olbrich HG, Hausleiter J, de Waha A, Richardt G, Hennersdorf M, Empen K, Fuernau G, Desch S, Eitel I, Hambrecht R, Lauer B, Bohm M, Ebelt H, Schneider S, Werdan K, Schuler G. Intra-Aortic balloon counterpulsation in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (IABP-SHOCK II): final 12 month results of a randomised, open-label trial. Lancet 2013;382:1638-1645.
Kirklin JK, Naftel DC, Kormos RL, Stevenson LW, Pagani FD, Miller MA, Baldwin JT, Young JB. The Fourth INTERMACS Annual Report: 4, 000 implants and counting. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012;31:117-126.
Kirklin JK. Long-term mechanical circulatory support: could it really have a public health impact? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013;44:198-200.
Kirklin JK, Naftel DC, Pagani FD, Kormos RL, Stevenson L, Miller M, Young JB. Long-term mechanical circulatory support (destination therapy): on track to compete with heart transplantation? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;144:584-603; discussion 597-588.
McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, Gong J, Lefkowitz MP, Rizkala AR, Rouleau JL, Shi VC, Solomon SD, Swedberg K, Zile MR. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2014;371:993-1004.
Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG, Sanborn TA, White HD, Talley JD, Buller CE, Jacobs AK, Slater JN, Col J, McKinlay SM, Le Jemtel TH. Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. SHOCK investigators. Should we emergently revascularize occluded coronaries for cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med 1999;341:625-634.
Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG, Dzavik V, Buller CE, Aylward P, Col J, White HD. Early revascularization and long-term survival in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 2006;295:2511-2515.
Buerke M, Prondzinsky R, Lemm H, Dietz S, Buerke U, Ebelt H, Bushnaq H, Silber RE, Werdan K. Intra-Aortic balloon counterpulsation in the treatment of infarction-related cardiogenic shock-review of the current evidence. Artif Organs 2012;36:505-511.
Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, Basta L, Brown EJ Jr, Cuddy TE, Davis BR, Geltman EM, Goldman S, Flaker GC, Klein M, Lamas GA, Packer M, Rouleau J, Rouleau JL, Rutherford J, Wertheimer JH, Hawkins CM. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE investigators. N Engl J Med 1992;327:669-677.
Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, Rouleau JL, Kober L, Maggioni AP, Solomon SD, Swedberg K, Van de Werf F, White H, Leimberger JD, Henis M, Edwards S, Zelenkofske S, Sellers MA, Califf RM. Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1893-1906.
Granger CB, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, Held P, Michelson EL, Olofsson B, Ostergren J, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensinconverting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet 2003;362:772-776.
Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. The SOLVD investigators. N Engl J Med 1991;325:293-302.
Dargie HJ. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet 2001;357:1385-1390.
CIBIS-II Investigators. The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999;353:9-13.
Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB, Katus HA, Krum H, Mohacsi P, Rouleau JL, Tendera M, Castaigne A, Roecker EB, Schultz MK, De Mets DL. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1651-1658.
MERIT-HF Investigators. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: metoprolol CR/XL randomised intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999;353:2001-2007.
Flather MD, Shibata MC, Coats AJ, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Parkhomenko A, Borbola J, Cohen-Solal A, Dumitrascu D, Ferrari R, Lechat P, Soler-Soler J, Tavazzi L, Spinarova L, Toman J, Bohm M, Anker SD, Thompson SG, Poole-Wilson PA. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005;26:215-225.
Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, van Veldhuisen DJ, Swedberg K, Shi H, Vincent J, Pocock SJ, Pitt B. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med 2011;364:11-21.
Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, Cody R, Castaigne A, Perez A, Palensky J, Wittes J. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized aldactone evaluation study investigators. N Engl J Med 1999;341:709-717.
Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL, Brown MW, Andrews ML. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 2002;346:877-883.
Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, Poole JE, Packer DL, Boineau R, Domanski M, Troutman C, Anderson J, Johnson G, McNulty SE, Clapp-Channing N, Davidson-Ray LD, Fraulo ES, Fishbein DP, Luceri RM, Ip JH. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005;352:225-237.
Al-Khatib SM, Hellkamp AS, Lee KL, Anderson J, Poole JE, Mark DB, Bardy GH. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in patients with prior coronary revascularization in the Sudden Cardiac Death in HEart Failure Trial (SCD-HEFT). J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2008;19:1059-1065.
Barsheshet A, Goldenberg I, Moss AJ, Huang DT, Zareba W, McNitt S, Klein HU, Guetta V. Effect of elapsed time from coronary revascularization to implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator on long-term survival in the MADIT-II trial. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011;22:1237-1242.
Camm AJ, Lip GY, De Caterina R, Savelieva I, Atar D, Hohnloser SH, Hindricks G, Kirchhof P. 2012 focused update of the ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation-developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2719-2747.
Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Schotten U, Savelieva I, Ernst S, Van Gelder IC, Al-Attar N, Hindricks G, Prendergast B, Heidbuchel H, Alfieri O, Angelini A, Atar D, Colonna P, De Caterina R, De Sutter J, Goette A, Gorenek B, Heldal M, Hohloser SH, Kolh P, Le Heuzey JY, Ponikowski P, Rutten FH. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the task force for the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2010;31:2369-2429.
Lippi G, Picanza A, Formentini A, Bonfanti L, Cervellin G. The concentration of troponin I is increased in patients with acute-onset atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2014;173:579-580.
Hijazi Z, Siegbahn A, Andersson U, Granger CB, Alexander JH, Atar D, Gersh BJ, Mohan P, Harjola VP, Horowitz J, Husted S, Hylek EM, Lopes RD, McMurray JJ, Wallentin L. High-sensitivity troponin I for risk assessment in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial. Circulation 2014;129:625-634.
Hart RG, Benavente O, McBride R, Pearce LA. Antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-Analysis. Ann Intern Med 1999;131:492-501.
Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, Peters RW, Obias-Manno D, Barker AH, Arensberg D, Baker A, Friedman L, Greene HL, Huther ML, Richardson DW, and the CAST Investigators. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med 1991;324:781-788.
Younge JO, Nauta ST, Akkerhuis KM, Deckers JW, van Domburg RT. Effect of anemia on short- and long-term outcome in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2012;109:506-510.
Bassand JP, Afzal R, Eikelboom J, Wallentin L, Peters R, Budaj A, Fox KA, Joyner CD, Chrolavicius S, Granger CB, Mehta S, Yusuf S. Relationship between baseline haemoglobin and major bleeding complications in acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2010;31:50-58.
Chase AJ, Fretz EB, Warburton WP, Klinke WP, Carere RG, Pi D, Berry B, Hilton JD. Association of the arterial access site at angioplasty with transfusion and mortality: the M. O. R. T. A. L study (Mortality benefit Of Reduced Transfusion after percutaneous coronary intervention via the Arm or Leg). Heart 2008;94:1019-1025.
Agostoni P, Biondi-Zoccai GG, de Benedictis ML, Rigattieri S, Turri M, Anselmi M, Vassanelli C, Zardini P, Louvard Y, Hamon M. Radial versus femoral approach for percutaneous coronary diagnostic and interventional procedures; systematic overview and meta-Analysis of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:349-356.
McClure MW, Berkowitz SD, Sparapani R, Tuttle R, Kleiman NS, Berdan LG, Lincoff AM, Deckers J, Diaz R, Karsch KR, Gretler D, Kitt M, Simoons M, Topol EJ, Califf RM, Harrington RA. Clinical significance of thrombocytopenia during a non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. The Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable Angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy (PURSUIT) trial experience. Circulation 1999;99:2892-2900.
Merlini PA, Rossi M, Menozzi A, Buratti S, Brennan DM, Moliterno DJ, Topol EJ, Ardissino D. Thrombocytopenia caused by abciximab or tirofiban and its association with clinical outcome in patients undergoing coronary stenting. Circulation 2004;109:2203-2206.
Gore JM, Spencer FA, Gurfinkel EP, Lopez-Sendon J, Steg PG, Granger CB, Fitz Gerald G, Agnelli G. Thrombocytopenia in patients with an acute coronary syndrome (from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events [GRACE]). Am J Cardiol 2009;103:175-180.
Vora AN, Chenier M, Schulte PJ, Goodman S, Peterson ED, Pieper K, Jolicoeur ME, Mahaffey KW, White H, Wang TY. Long-term outcomes associated with hospital acquired thrombocytopenia among patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J 2014;168:189-196, e181.
Greinacher A, Selleng K. Thrombocytopenia in the intensive care unit patient. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2010;2010:135-143.
Warkentin TE. Drug-induced immune-mediated thrombocytopenia-from purpura to thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2007;356:891-893.
Dasgupta H, Blankenship JC, Wood GC, Frey CM, Demko SL, Menapace FJ. Thrombocytopenia complicating treatment with intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors: a pooled analysis. Am Heart J 2000;140:206-211.
Valgimigli M, Biondi-Zoccai G, Tebaldi M, van't Hof AW, Campo G, Hamm C, ten Berg J, Bolognese L, Saia F, Danzi GB, Briguori C, Okmen E, King SB, Moliterno DJ, Topol EJ. Tirofiban as adjunctive therapy for acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-Analysis of randomized trials. Eur Heart J 2010;31:35-49.
Tempelhof MW, Benzuly KH, Fintel D, Krichavsky MZ. Eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia: with thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation immediately after left main coronary artery percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Tex Heart Inst J 2012;39:86-91.
Arnold DM, Nazi I, Warkentin TE, Smith JW, Toltl LJ, George JN, Kelton JG. Approach to the diagnosis and management of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia. Transfus Med Rev 2013;27:137-145.
McCullough J. Overview of platelet transfusion. Semin Hematol 2010;47:235-242.
Kelton JG, Arnold DM, Bates SM. Nonheparin anticoagulants for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 2013;368:737-744.
Warkentin TE, Kelton JG. Temporal aspects of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1286-1292.
Patrignani P, Patrono C. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors: from pharmacology to clinical read-outs. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015;1851:422-432.
Patrono C, Baigent C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the heart. Circulation 2014;129:907-916.
Bhala N, Emberson J, Merhi A, Abramson S, Arber N, Baron JA, Bombardier C, Cannon C, Farkouh ME, Fitz Gerald GA, Goss P, Halls H, Hawk E, Hawkey C, Hennekens C, Hochberg M, Holland LE, Kearney PM, Laine L, Lanas A, Lance P, Laupacis A, Oates J, Patrono C, Schnitzer TJ, Solomon S, Tugwell P, Wilson K, Wittes J, Baigent C. Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-Analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 2013;382:769-779.
Devereaux PJ, Xavier D, Pogue J, Guyatt G, Sigamani A, Garutti I, Leslie K, Rao-Melacini P, Chrolavicius S, Yang H, Macdonald C, Avezum A, Lanthier L, Hu W, Yusuf S. Characteristics and short-term prognosis of perioperative myocardial infarction in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2011;154:523-528.
Devereaux PJ, Chan MT, Alonso-Coello P, Walsh M, Berwanger O, Villar JC, Wang CY, Garutti RI, Jacka MJ, Sigamani A, Srinathan S, Biccard BM, Chow CK, Abraham V, Tiboni M, Pettit S, Szczeklik W, Lurati Buse G, Botto F, Guyatt G, Heels-Ansdell D, Sessler DI, Thorlund K, Garg AX, Mrkobrada M, Thomas S, Rodseth RN, Pearse RM, Thabane L, McQueen MJ, Van Helder T, Bhandari M, Bosch J, Kurz A, Polanczyk C, Malaga G, Nagele P, Le Manach Y, Leuwer M, Yusuf S. Association between postoperative troponin levels and 30-day mortality among patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. JAMA 2012;307:2295-2304.
Chow CK, Jolly S, Rao-Melacini P, Fox KA, Anand SS, Yusuf S. Association of diet, exercise, and smoking modification with risk of early cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2010;121:750-758.
Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Rader DJ, Rouleau JL, Belder R, Joyal SV, Hill KA, Pfeffer MA, Skene AM. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004;350:1495-1504.
A randomized trial of propranolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction. I. Mortality results. JAMA 1982;247:1707-1714.
Vantrimpont P, Rouleau JL, Wun CC, Ciampi A, Klein M, Sussex B, Arnold JM, Moye L, Pfeffer M. Additive beneficial effects of beta-blockers to angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors in the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:229-236.
Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, Neaton J, Martinez F, Roniker B, Bittman R, Hurley S, Kleiman J, Gatlin M. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1309-1321.
Gottlieb SS, McCarter RJ, Vogel RA. Effect of beta-blockade on mortality among high-risk and low-risk patients after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998;339:489-497.
Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, Holland LE, Reith C, Bhala N, Peto R, Barnes EH, Keech A, Simes J, Collins R. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-Analysis of data from 170, 000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010;376:1670-1681.
La Rosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, Shear C, Barter P, Fruchart JC, Gotto AM, Greten H, Kastelein JJ, Shepherd J, Wenger NK. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1425-1435.
Cannon CP, Blazing MA, Giugliano RP, McCagg A, White JA, Theroux P, Darius H, Lewis BS, Ophuis TO, Jukema JW, De Ferrari GM, Ruzyllo W, De Lucca P, Im K, Bohula EA, Reist C, Wiviott SD, Tershakovec AM, Musliner TA, Braunwald E, Califf RM. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2387-97.
Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:145-153.
Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I, Schumacher H, Dagenais G, Sleight P, Anderson C. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1547-1559.
Bangalore S, Steg G, Deedwania P, Crowley K, Eagle KA, Goto S, Ohman EM, Cannon CP, Smith SC, Zeymer U, Hoffman EB, Messerli FH, Bhatt DL; Reach Registry Investigators. Beta-blocker use and clinical outcomes in stable outpatients with and without coronary artery disease. JAMA 2012;308:1340-1349.
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Böhm M, Christiaens T, Cifkova R, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Galderisi M, Grobbee DE, Jaarsma T, Kirchhof P, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Manolis AJ, Nilsson PM, Ruilope LM, Schmieder RE, Sirnes PA, Sleight P, Viigimaa M, Waeber B, Zannad F. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2013;34:2159-2219.
Piepoli MF, Corra U, Abreu A, Cupples M, Davos C, Doherty P, Hofer S, Garcia-Porrero E, Rauch B, Vigorito C, Voller H, Schmid JP. Challenges in secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases: a review of the current practice. Int J Cardiol 2015;180:114-119.
Clark AM, Hartling L, Vandermeer B, McAlister FA. Meta-Analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 2005;143:659-672.
Critchley JA, Capewell S. Mortality risk reduction associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review. JAMA 2003;290:86-97.
Iestra JA, Kromhout D, van der Schouw YT, Grobbee DE, Boshuizen HC, van Staveren WA. Effect size estimates of lifestyle and dietary changes on all-cause mortality in coronary artery disease patients: a systematic review. Circulation 2005;112:924-934.
Fox KM; EURopean trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease Investigators. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 2003;362:782-788.
Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, Dahlof B, Elmfeldt D, Julius S, Menard J, Rahn KH, Wedel H, Westerling S. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet 1998;351:1755-1762.
UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 1998;317:703-713.
Taylor RS, Brown A, Ebrahim S, Jolliffe J, Noorani H, Rees K, Skidmore B, Stone JA, Thompson DR, Oldridge N. Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med 2004;116:682-692.
Taylor RS, Unal B, Critchley JA, Capewell S. Mortality reductions in patients receiving exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation: how much can be attributed to cardiovascular risk factor improvements? Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006;13:369-374.
Hammill BG, Curtis LH, Schulman KA, Whellan DJ. Relationship between cardiac rehabilitation and long-term risks of death and myocardial infarction among elderly Medicare beneficiaries. Circulation 2010;121:63-70.
Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H, Graham I, Reiner Z, Verschuren M, Albus C, Benlian P, Boysen G, Cifkova R, Deaton C, Ebrahim S, Fisher M, Germano G, Hobbs R, Hoes A, Karadeniz S, Mezzani A, Prescott E, Ryden L, Scherer M, Syvanne M, Scholte op Reimer WJ, Vrints C, Wood D, Zamorano JL, Zannad F. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur Heart J 2012;33:1635-1701.
Heran BS, Chen JM, Ebrahim S, Moxham T, Oldridge N, Rees K, Thompson DR, Taylor RS. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;1:CD001800.
Janssen V, De Gucht V, Dusseldorp E, Maes S. Lifestyle modification programmes for patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2013;20:620-640.
Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu L, Zanchetti A. Is a systolic blood pressure target, 140 mmHg indicated in all hypertensives? Subgroup analyses of findings from the randomized fever trial. Eur Heart 2011;32:1500-1508.
Poole-Wilson PA, Lubsen J, Kirwan BA, van Dalen FJ, Wagener G, Danchin N, Just H, Fox KA, Pocock SJ, Clayton TC, Motro M, Parker JD, Bourassa MG, Dart AM, Hildebrandt P, Hjalmarson A, Kragten JA, Molhoek GP, Otterstad JE, Seabra-Gomes R, Soler-Soler J, Weber S. Effect of long-Acting nifedipine on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with stable angina requiring treatment (ACTION trial): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:849-857.
Zanchetti A, Grassi G, Mancia G. When should antihypertensive drug treatment be initiated and to what levels should systolic blood pressure be lowered? A critical reappraisal. J Hypertens 2009;27:923-934.
Nallamothu B, Fox KA, Kennelly BM, Van de Werf F, Gore JM, Steg PG, Granger CB, Dabbous OH, Kline-Rogers E, Eagle KA. Relationship of treatment delays and mortality in patients undergoing fibrinolysis and primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Heart 2007;93:1552-1555.
Mukherjee D, Fang J, Chetcuti S, Moscucci M, Kline-Rogers E, Eagle KA. Impact of combination evidence-based medical therapy on mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2004;109:745-749.