2D Doppler echocardiography; 3D echocardiography; normal values; strain
Abstract :
[en] There is a crescent interest on normal adult echocardiographic values and the introduction of new deformation imaging and 3D parameters pose the issue of normative data. A multitude of nomograms has been recently published, however data are often fragmentary, difficult to find, and their strengths/limitations have been never evaluated. AIMS: (I) to provide a review of current echocardiographic nomograms; (II) to generate a tool for easy and fast access to these data. A literature search was conducted accessing the National Library of Medicine using the keywords: 2D/3D echocardiography, strain, left/right ventricle, atrial, mitral/tricuspid valve, aorta, reference values/nomograms/normal values. Adding the following keywords, the results were further refined: range/intervals, myocardial velocity, strain rate and speckle tracking. Forty one published studies were included. Our study reveals that for several of 2D/3D parameters sufficient normative data exist, however, a few limitations still persist. For some basic parameters (i.e., mitral/tricuspid/pulmonary valves, great vessels) and for 3D valves data are scarce. There is a lack of studies evaluating ethnic differences. Data have been generally expressed as mean values normalised for gender and age instead of computing models incorporating different variables (age/gender/body sizes) to calculate z scores. To summarize results a software (Echocardio-Normal Values) who automatically calculate range of normality for a broad range of echocardiographic measurements according to age/gender/weight/height, has been generated. We provide an up-to-date and critical review of strengths/limitation of current adult echocardiographic nomograms. Furthermore we generated a software for automatic, easy and fast access to multiple echocardiographic normative data.
Disciplines :
Cardiovascular & respiratory systems
Author, co-author :
Cantinotti, Massimiliano
Giordano, Raffaele
Paterni, Marco
Saura, Daniel
Scalese, Marco
Franchi, Eliana
Assanta, Nadia
Koestenberg, Martin
DULGHERU, Raluca Elena ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Service de cardiologie
Sugimoto, Tadafumi
Bernard, Anne
Caballero, Luis
Lancellotti, Patrizio ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques > Imagerie cardiaque fonctionnelle par échographie
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Application designed by Infotel FTGM named Echocardio-Normal Values. Available online: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.mpsoftware. CardioNorm
