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Brain functional connectivity patterns in children and adolescents with gender dysphoria: Sex-atypical or not?

Nota, Nienke M.; Kreukels, Baudewijntje P. C.; den Heijer, Martin et al.

2017 • In Psychoneuroendocrinology, 86, p. 187-195

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https://hdl.handle.net/2268/218852

DOI
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.09.014

PubMed
28972892

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Keywords :

Adolescents; Functional connectivity; Gender dysphoria; Prepubertal children; Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging; Transgender

Abstract :

[en] Various previous studies have reported that brains of people diagnosed with gender dysphoria (GD) show sex-atypical features. In addition, recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies found that several brain resting-state networks (RSNs) in adults with GD show functional connectivity (FC) patterns that are not sex-atypical, but specific for GD. In the current study we examined whether FC patterns are also altered in prepubertal children and adolescents with GD in comparison with non-gender dysphoric peers. We investigated FC patterns within RSNs that were previously examined in adults: visual networks (VNs), sensorimotor networks (SMNs), default mode network (DMN) and salience network. Thirty-one children (18 birth assigned males; 13 birth assigned females) and 40 adolescents with GD (19 birth assigned males or transgirls; 21 birth assigned females or transboys), and 39 cisgender children (21 boys; 18 girls) and 41 cisgender adolescents (20 boys; 21 girls) participated. We used independent component analysis to obtain the network maps of interest and compared these across groups. Within one of the three VNs (VN-I), adolescent transgirls showed stronger FC in the right cerebellum compared with all other adolescent groups. Sex differences in FC between the cisgender adolescent groups were observed in the right supplementary motor area within one of the two SMNs (SMN-II; girls>boys) and the right posterior cingulate gyrus within the posterior DMN (boys>girls). Within these networks adolescent transgirls showed FC patterns similar to their experienced gender (female). Also adolescent transboys showed a FC pattern similar to their experienced gender (male), but within the SMN-II only. The prepubertal children did not show any group differences in FC, suggesting that these emerge with aging and during puberty. Our findings provide evidence for the existence of both GD-specific and sex-atypical FC patterns in adolescents with GD.

Disciplines :

Neurosciences & behavior

Author, co-author :

Nota, Nienke M.

Kreukels, Baudewijntje P. C.

den Heijer, Martin

Veltman, Dick J.

Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.

Burke, Sarah M.

Bakker, Julie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Biologie de la différenciation sexuelle du cerveau

Language :

English

Title :

Brain functional connectivity patterns in children and adolescents with gender dysphoria: Sex-atypical or not?

Publication date :

2017

Journal title :

Psychoneuroendocrinology

ISSN :

0306-4530

eISSN :

1873-3360

Publisher :

Elsevier, United Kingdom

Volume :

86

Pages :

187-195

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Commentary :

Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Available on ORBi :

since 22 January 2018

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