Article (Scientific journals)
The XXL Survey: I. Scientific motivations - XMM-Newton observing plan - Follow-up observations and simulation programme
Pierre, M.; Pacaud, F.; Adami, C. et al.
2016In Astronomy and Astrophysics, 592
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
 

Files


Full Text
Pierre_et_al_2015.pdf
Publisher postprint (1.75 MB)
Download

All documents in ORBi are protected by a user license.

Send to



Details



Keywords :
Large-scale structure of Universe; Surveys; X-rays: galaxies: clusters; X-rays: general; Astrophysics; Cosmology; Equations of state; Galaxies; Photons; Quality control; Surveying; Active galactic nuclei; Cosmological parameters; Electromagnetic spectra; International consortium; Large scale structure of universe; Space time distribution; X rays: galaxies: clusters
Abstract :
[en] Context. The quest for the cosmological parameters that describe our universe continues to motivate the scientific community to undertake very large survey initiatives across the electromagnetic spectrum. Over the past two decades, the Chandra and XMM-Newton observatories have supported numerous studies of X-ray-selected clusters of galaxies, active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and the X-ray background. The present paper is the first in a series reporting results of the XXL-XMM survey; it comes at a time when the Planck mission results are being finalised. Aims. We present the XXL Survey, the largest XMM programme totaling some 6.9 Ms to date and involving an international consortium of roughly 100 members. The XXL Survey covers two extragalactic areas of 25 deg2 each at a point-source sensitivity of ∼5 × 10-15 erg s-1 cm-2 in the [0.5-2] keV band (completeness limit). The survey's main goals are to provide constraints on the dark energy equation of state from the space-time distribution of clusters of galaxies and to serve as a pathfinder for future, wide-area X-ray missions. We review science objectives, including cluster studies, AGN evolution, and large-scale structure, that are being conducted with the support of approximately 30 follow-up programmes. Methods. We describe the 542 XMM observations along with the associated multi-λ and numerical simulation programmes. We give a detailed account of the X-ray processing steps and describe innovative tools being developed for the cosmological analysis. Results. The paper provides a thorough evaluation of the X-ray data, including quality controls, photon statistics, exposure and background maps, and sky coverage. Source catalogue construction and multi-λ associations are briefly described. This material will be the basis for the calculation of the cluster and AGN selection functions, critical elements of the cosmological and science analyses. Conclusions. The XXL multi-λ data set will have a unique lasting legacy value for cosmological and extragalactic studies and will serve as a calibration resource for future dark energy studies with clusters and other X-ray selected sources. With the present article, we release the XMM XXL photon and smoothed images along with the corresponding exposure maps. © ESO, 2016.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Pierre, M.;  Service d’Astrophysique AIM, DSM / IRFU / SAp, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette
Pacaud, F.;  Argelander Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Adami, C.;  Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille), UMR 7326, Marseille, France
Alis, S.;  Laboratoire Lagrange, UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France, Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
Altieri, B.;  European Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Operations Department, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Baran, N.;  Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenička cesta 32, Zagreb, Croatia
Benoist, C.;  Laboratoire Lagrange, UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
Birkinshaw, M.;  H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, United Kingdom
Bongiorno, A.;  INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33, Monteporzio Catone, Roma, Italy
Bremer, M. N.;  H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, United Kingdom
Brusa, M.;  Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, Bologna, Italy
Butler, A.;  International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, M468, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
Ciliegi, P.;  INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, Bologna, Italy
Chiappetti, L.;  INAF, IASF Milano, via Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
Clerc, N.;  Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, Garching bei München, Germany
Corasaniti, P. S.;  Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTh), CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, Meudon, France
Coupon, J.;  Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Ch. d'Écogia 16, Versoix, Switzerland
De Breuck, C.;  European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
Democles, J.;  School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Desai, S.;  Ludwig Maximilian Universität, München, Germany
Delhaize, J.;  Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenička cesta 32, Zagreb, Croatia
Devriendt, J.;  Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Dubois, Y.;  Sorbonne Universit ́es, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Instit ut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France > CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Bo ulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris
Eckert, D.;  Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Ch. d'Écogia 16, Versoix, Switzerland
Elyiv, A.;  INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, Bologna, Italy
Ettori, S.;  INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, Bologna, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna, Italy
Evrard, A.;  Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
Faccioli, L.;  Service d'Astrophysique AIM, DSM/IRFU/SAp, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Farahi, A.;  Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
Ferrari, C.;  Laboratoire Lagrange, UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
Finet, F.;  Extragalactic Astrophysics and Space Observations (AEOS), University of Liège, Allee du 6 Aout, 17 (Sart Tilman, Bat. B5c), Liège, Belgium, Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora Peak, Nainita, Uttarakhand, India
Fotopoulou, S.;  Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Ch. d'Écogia 16, Versoix, Switzerland
Fourmanoit, N.;  Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Ch. d'Écogia 16, Versoix, Switzerland
Gandhi, P.;  Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, United Kingdom
Gastaldello, F.;  INAF, IASF Milano, via Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
Gastaud, R.;  DSM/IRFU/SEDI, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Georgantopoulos, I.;  IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece
Giles, P.;  H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, United Kingdom
Guennou, L.;  University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, IAS, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
Guglielmo, V.;  INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Italy
Horellou, C.;  Dept. of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, Onsala, Sweden
Husband, K.;  H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, United Kingdom
Huynh, M.;  International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, M468, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
Iovino, A.;  INAF-OAB, Brera, Italy
Kilbinger, M.;  Service d'Astrophysique AIM, DSM/IRFU/SAp, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Koulouridis, E.;  Service d'Astrophysique AIM, DSM/IRFU/SAp, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece
Lavoie, S.;  Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada
Le Brun, A.;  Service d’Astrophysique AIM, DSM / IRFU / SAp, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette > Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores Un iversity, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
Le Fevre, J. P.;  DSM/IRFU/SEDI, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Lidman, C.;  Australian Astronomical Observatory, Epping, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
Lieu, M.;  School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Lin, C. A.;  Service d'Astrophysique AIM, DSM/IRFU/SAp, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Mantz, A.;  Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, United States
Maughan, B. J.;  H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, United Kingdom
Maurogordato, S.;  Laboratoire Lagrange, UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
McCarthy, I. G.;  Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, United Kingdom
McGee, S.;  School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Melin, J. B.;  DSM/IRFU/SPP, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Melnyk, O.;  Astronomical Observatory, Taras Shevshenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenička cesta 32, Zagreb, Croatia
Menanteau, F.;  University of Illinois, United States
Novak, M.;  Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenička cesta 32, Zagreb, Croatia
Paltani, S.;  Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Ch. d'Écogia 16, Versoix, Switzerland
Plionis, M.;  IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Physics Department, Thessaloniki, Greece, Instituto Nacional de Astrofìsica Óptica y Electrónica, AP 51 y 216, Puebla, Mexico
Poggianti, B. M.;  INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Italy
Pomarede, D.;  DSM/IRFU/SEDI, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Pompei, E.;  European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Ponman, T. J.;  School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Ramos-Ceja, M. E.;  Argelander Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Ranalli, P.;  IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece
Rapetti, D.;  Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, Copenhagen, Denmark
Raychaudury, S.;  Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Physics, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, (Calcutta), Kolkata, India
Reiprich, T. H.;  Argelander Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Rottgering, H.;  Leiden Observatory, Netherlands
Rozo, E.;  SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, United States
Rykoff, E.;  SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, United States
Sadibekova, T.;  Service d'Astrophysique AIM, DSM/IRFU/SAp, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Santos, J.;  INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, Firenze, Italy
Sauvageot, J. L.;  Service d'Astrophysique AIM, DSM/IRFU/SAp, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Schimd, C.;  Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille), UMR 7326, Marseille, France
Sereno, M.;  Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, Bologna, Italy
Smith, G. P.;  School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Smolčić, V.;  Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenička cesta 32, Zagreb, Croatia
Snowden, S.;  Code 662, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
Spergel, D.;  Princeton University, United States
Stanford, S.;  University of California, Davis, CA, United States
Surdej, Jean  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Valageas, P.;  Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA, Saclay, France
Valotti, A.;  Service d'Astrophysique AIM, DSM/IRFU/SAp, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Valtchanov, I.;  European Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Operations Department, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Vignali, C.;  Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna, Italy
Willis, J.;  Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada
Ziparo, F.;  School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
More authors (82 more) Less
Language :
English
Title :
The XXL Survey: I. Scientific motivations - XMM-Newton observing plan - Follow-up observations and simulation programme
Publication date :
2016
Journal title :
Astronomy and Astrophysics
ISSN :
0004-6361
eISSN :
1432-0746
Publisher :
EDP Sciences
Volume :
592
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [FR]
DNRF - Danish National Research Foundation [DK]
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration [US-DC] [US-DC]
Available on ORBi :
since 13 January 2018

Statistics


Number of views
97 (3 by ULiège)
Number of downloads
28 (1 by ULiège)

Scopus citations®
 
190
Scopus citations®
without self-citations
65
OpenCitations
 
179

Bibliography


Similar publications



Contact ORBi