Winandy, Laurane ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Zimmer, Cedric
Love, Oliver P.
Langue du document :
Anglais
Titre :
Integrating Ecological and Evolutionary Context in the Study of Maternal Stress
Allen RM, Buckley YM, Marshall DJ. 2008. Offspring size plasticity in response to intraspecific competition: an adaptive maternal effect across life-history stages. Am Nat 171:225-37.
Almasi H, Rettenbacher SM, Nüeller C, Brill S, Wagner H, Jenni L. 2012. Maternal corticosterone is transferred into the egg yolk. Gen Comp Endocrinol 178:139-44.
Anderson LM, Riffle L, Wilson R, Travlos GS, Lubomirski MS, Alvord WG. 2006. Preconceptional fasting of fathers alters serum glucose in offspring of mice. Nutrition 22:327-31.
Arnqvist G, Rowe L. 2005. Sexual conflict. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.
Baker S, Chebli M, Rees S, Lemarec N, Godbout R, Bielajew C. 2008. Effects of gestational stress: 1. Evaluation of maternal and juvenile offspring behavior. Brain Res 1213:98-110.
Bale TL, Epperson CN. 2015. Sex differences and stress across the lifespan. Nat Neurosci 18:1413-20.
Barbazanges A, Piazza PV, Le Moal M, Maccari S. 1996. Maternal glucocorticoid secretion mediates long-term effects of prenatal stress. J Neurosci 16:3943-9.
Bartholomew GA. 1986. The role of natural history in contemporary biology. BioScience 36:324-9.
Beery AK, Kaufer D. 2015. Stress, social behavior, and resilience: insights from rodents. Neurobiol Stress 1:116-27.
Benard MF. 2004. Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity in organisms with complex life histories. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 35:651-73.
Bestion E, Teyssier A, Aubret F, Clobert J, Cote J. 2014. Maternal exposure to predator scents: offspring phenotypic adjustment and dispersal. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 281 published online (doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0701).
Bian J-H, Du S-Y, Wu Y, Cao Y-F, Nie X-H, He H, You Z-B. 2015. Maternal effects and population regulation: maternal density-induced reproduction suppression impairs offspring capacity in response to immediate environment in root voles Microtus oeconomus. J Anim Ecol 84:326-36.
Blas J, Bortolotti GR, Tella JL, Baos R, Marchant TA. 2007. Stress response during development predicts fitness in a wild, long lived vertebrate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:8880-4.
Bonier F, Martin PR, Wingfield JC. 2007. Maternal corticosteroids influence primary offspring sex ratio in a free-ranging passerine bird. Behav Ecol 18:1045-50.
Boonstra R. 2013. Reality as the leading cause of stress: rethinking the impact of chronic stress in nature. Funct Ecol 27:11-23.
Boonstra R, Boag PT. 1992. Spring declines in Microtus penn-sylvanicus and the role of steroid hormones. J Anim Ecol 61:339-52.
Boonstra R, Krebs CJ, Stenseth NC. 1998a. Population cycles in mammals: the problem of explaining the low phase. Ecology 79:1479-88.
Boonstra R, Hik D, Singleton GR, Tinnikov A. 1998b. The impact of predator-induced stress on the snowshoe hare cycle. Ecol Monogr 68:371-94.
Bowers EK, Bowden RM, Thompson CF, Sakaluk SK. 2016. Elevated corticosterone during egg production elicits increase maternal investment and promotes nestling growth in a wild songbird. Horm Behav 83:6-13.
Braun K, Champagne FA. 2014. Paternal influences on offspring development: behavioural and epigenetic pathways. J Neuroendocrinol 26:697-706.
Bronson SL, Bale TL. 2016. The placenta as a mediator of stress effects on neurodevelopmental reprogramming. Neuropsychopharmacology 41:207-18.
Brouwer L, Van de Pol M, Cockburn A. 2014. The role of social environment on parental care: offspring benefit more from the presence of female than male helpers. J Anim Ecol 83:491-503.
Burgess SC, Marshall DJ. 2014. Adaptive parental effects: the importance of estimating environmental predictability and offspring fitness appropriately. Oikos 123:769-76.
Burton T, Metcalfe NB. 2014. Can environmental conditions experienced in early life influence future generations?. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 281 published online (doi: 10.1098/ rspb.2014.0311).
Bygren L, Tinghog P, Carstensen J, Edvinsson S, Kaati G, Pembrey M, Sjostrom M. 2014. Change in paternal grandmothers' early food supply influenced cardiovascular mortality of the female grandchildren. BMC Genet 15:12.
Cameron EZ. 2004. Facultative adjustment of mammalian sex ratios in support of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis: evidence for a mechanism. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 271:1723-8.
Cao-Lei L, Massart R, Suderman MJ, Machnes Z, Elgbeili G, Laplante DP, Szyf M, King S. 2014. DNA methylation signatures triggered by prenatal maternal stress exposure to a natural disaster: project ice storm. PLoS One 9:e107653.
Capelle PM. 2016. Interactive effects of pre- and post-natal stressors on Chinook salmon performance and fitness [dissertation]. [Windsor (ON, Canada)]: University of Windsor.
Chapman T, Arnqvist G, Bangham J, Rowe L. 2003. Sexual conflict. Trends Ecol Evol 18:41-7.
Coslovsky M, Richner H. 2011. Predation risk affects offspring growth via maternal effects. Funct Ecol 25:878-88.
Cottrell EC, Holmes MC, Livingstone DE, Kenyon CJ, Seckl JR. 2012. Reconciling the nutritional and glucocorticoid hypotheses of fetal programming. FASEB J 26:1866-74.
Crean AJ, Bonduriansky R. 2014. What is a paternal effect? Trends Ecol Evol 29:554-49.
Crespi B, Semeniuk C. 2004. Parent-offspring conflict in the evolution of vertebrate reproductive mode. Am Nat 163:635-53.
Dall SRX, McNamara JM, Leimar O. 2015. Genes as cues: phenotypic integration of genetic and epigenetic information from a Darwinian perspective. Trends Ecol Evol 30:327-33.
Dantzer B, Boutin S, Humphries MM, McAdam AG. 2012. Behavioral responses of territorial red squirrels to natural and experimental variation in population density. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 66:865-78.
Dantzer B, Newman AEM, Boonstra R, Palme R, Boutin S, Humphries MM, McAdam AG. 2013. Density cues trigger maternal stress hormones that increase adaptive offspring growth in a wild mammal. Science 340:1215-7.
DeWitt TJ, Sih A, Wilson DS. 1998. Costs and limits of phenotypic plasticity. Trends Ecol Evol 13:77-81.
Dias BG, Ressier KJ. 2014. Parental olfactory experience influences behavior and neural structure in subsequent generations. Nat Neurosci 17:89-96.
Dunn GA, Morgan CP, Bale TL. 2011. Sex-specificity in transgenerational epigenetic programming. Horm Behav 59:290-5.
Evans JP, Lymbery RA, Wiid KS, Rahman MM, Gasparini C. 2017. Sperm as moderators of environmentally induced paternal effects in a livebearing fish. Biol Lett 13:20170087.
Feng S, McGhee KE, Bell AM. 2015. Effect of maternal predator exposure on the ability of stickleback offspring to generalize a learned colour-reward association. Anim Behav 107:61-9.
Ferrari MCO, Gonzalo A, Messier F, Chivers DP. 2007. Generalization of learned predator recognition: an experimental test and framework for future studies. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 274:1853-9.
Francis D, Diorio J, Liu D, Meaney MJ. 1999. Nongenomic transmission across generations of maternal behavior and stress responses in the rat. Science 286:1155-8.
Fuiman LA, Magurran AE. 1994. Development of predator defences in fishes. Rev Fish Biol Fisher 4:145-83.
Furrow RE, Feldman MW. 2013. Genetic variation, environmental variability, and the evolution of epigenetic regulation. Evolution 68:673-83.
Gagliano M, McCormick MI. 2009. Hormonally mediated maternal effects shape offspring survival potential in stressful environments. Oecologia 160:657-65.
Gapp K, Jawaid A, Sarkies P, Bohacek J, Pelczar P, Prados J, Farinelli L, Miska E, Mansuy IM. 2014. Implication of sperm RNAs in transgenerational inheritance of the effects of early trauma in mice. Nat Neurosci 17:667-9.
Giesing ER, Suski CD, Warner RE, Bell AM. 2011. Female sticklebacks transfer information via eggs: effects of maternal experience with predators on offspring. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 278:1753-9.
Gélin U, Wilson ME, Coulson GC, Festa-Bianchet M. 2015. Experimental manipulation of female reproduction demonstrates its fitness costs in kangaroos. J Anim Ecol 84:239-48.
Ginzburg LR, Taneyhill DE. 1994. Population cycles of forest Lepidoptera: a maternal effect hypothesis. J Anim Ecol 63:79-92.
Gluckman PD, Hanson MA, Spencer HG, Bateson P. 2005. Environmental influences during development and their later consequences for health and disease: implications for the interpretation of empirical studies. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 272:671-7.
Gluckman PD, Hanson MA. 2004. Living with the past: evolution, development, and patterns of disease. Science 305:1733-6.
Heijmans BT, Tobi EW, Stein AD, Putter H, Blauw GJ, Susser ES, Slagboom PE, Lumey LH. 2008. Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:17046-9.
Herman JJ, Spencer HG, Donohue K, Sultan SE. 2014. How stable 'should' epigenetic modifications be? Insights from adaptive plasticity and bet hedging. Evolution 68:632-43.
Herrenkohl LR, Whitney JB. 1976. Effects of prepartal stress on postpartal nursing behavior, litter development and adult sexual behavior. Physiol Behav 17:1019-21.
Hinde CA. 2006. Negotiation over offspring care?-A positive response to partner-provisioning rate in great tits. Behav Ecol 17:6-12.
Inchausti P, Ginzburg LR. 1998. Small mammal cycles in northern Europe: pattern and evidence for a maternal effect hypothesis. J Anim Ecol 67:180-94.
Jablonka E, Oborny B, Molnar I, Kisdi E, Hofbauer J, Czaran T. 1995. The adaptive advantage of phenotypic memory in changing environments. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 350:133-41.
Johnstone RA, Hinde CA. 2006. Negotiation over offspring care-how should parents respond to each other's efforts? Behav Ecol 17:818-27.
Kapoor A, Matthews SG. 2005. Short periods of prenatal stress affect growth, behaviour and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in male guinea pig offspring. J Physiol 566:967-77.
Kapoor A, Kostaki A, Janus C, Matthews SG. 2009. The effects of prenatal stress on learning in adult offspring is dependent on the timing of the stressor. Behav Brain Res 197:144-9.
Khan N, Peters RA, Richardson E, Robert KA. 2016. Maternal corticosterone exposure has transgenerational effects on grand-offspring. Biol Lett 12 published online (doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0627).
Krebs CJ, Boonstra R, Boutin S, Sinclair ARE, Smith JNM, Gilbert BS, Martin K, O'Donoghue M, Turkington R. 2014. Trophic dynamics of the boreal forests of the Kluane Region. Arctic 67, Supplement 1:71-81.
Kuijper B, Hoyle RB. 2015. When to rely on maternal effects and when on phenotypic plasticity? Evolution 69:950-68.
Leimar O, McNamara JM. 2015. The evolution of transgenerational integration of information in heterogeneous environments. Am Nat 185:E55-69.
Lesage J, Blondeau B, Grino M, Bréant B, Dupouy JP. 2001. Maternal undernutrition during late gestation induces fetal overexposure to glucocorticoids and intrauterine growth retardation, and disturbs the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis in the newborn rat. Endocrinology 142:1692-702.
Levins R. 1968. Evolution in changing environments: some theoretical explorations. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.
Love OP, Chin EH, Wynne-Edwards KE, Williams TD. 2005. Stress hormones: a link between maternal condition and sex-biased reproductive investment. Am Nat 166:751-66.
Love OP, Gilchrist HG, Bêty J, Wynne-Edwards KE, Berzins L, Williams TD. 2009. Using life-histories to predict and interpret variability in yolk hormones. Gen Comp Endocrinol 163:169-74.
Love OP, McGowan PO, Sheriff MJ. 2013. Maternal adversity and ecological stressors in natural populations: the role of stress axis programming in individuals, with implications for populations and communities. Funct Ecol 27:81-92.
Love OP, Williams TD. 2008. Plasticity in the adrenocortical response of a free-living vertebrate: the role of pre-and post-natal developmental stress. Horm Behav 54:496-505.
Lucassen PJ, Bosch OJ, Jousma E, Kramer SA, Andrew R, Seckl JR, Neumann ID. 2009. Prenatal stress reduces postnatal neurogenesis in rats selectively bred for high, but not low, anxiety: possible key role of placental 11b-hydroxyste-roid dehydrogenase type 2. Eur J Neurosci 29:97-103.
Marshall DJ, Uller T. 2007. When is a maternal effect adaptive? Oikos 116:1957-63.
Martınez-Padilla J, Redpath SM, Zeineddine M, Mougeot F. 2014. Insights into population ecology from long-term studies of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. J Anim Ecol 83:85-98.
Mashoodh R, Franks B, Curley JP, Champagne FA. 2012. Paternal social enrichment effects on maternal behavior and offspring growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:17232-8.
Matthews SG. 2002. Early programming of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 13:373-80.
Mattingly HT, Butler MJ. 1994. Laboratory predation on the Trinidadian guppy: implications for the size-selective predation hypothesis and guppy life history evolution. Oikos 69:54-64.
McCormick MI. 1998. Behaviorally induced maternal stress in a fish influences progeny quality by a hormonal mechanism. Ecology 79:1873-83.
McCormick MI, Hoey AS. 2004. Larval growth history determines juvenile growth and survival in a tropical marine fish. Oikos 106:225-42.
McGhee KE, Bell AM. 2014. Paternal care in a fish: epige-netics and fitness enhancing effects on offspring. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 281 published online (doi: 10.1098/ rspb.2014.1146).
McGhee KE, Pintor LM, Suhr EL, Bell AM. 2012. Maternal exposure to predation risk decreases offspring antipredator behaviour and survival in three-spined stickleback. Funct Ecol 26:932-40.
McGhee KE, Feng S, Leasure S, Bell AM. 2015. A female's past experience with predators affects male courtship and the care her offspring will receive from their father. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 282 published online (doi: 10.1098/ rspb.2015.1840).
Meaney MJ, Szyf M, Seckl JR. 2007. Epigenetic mechanisms of perinatal programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and health. Trends Mol Med 13:269-77.
Meylan S, Belliure J, Clobert J, de Fraipont M. 2002. Stress and body condition as prenatal and postnatal determinants of dispersal in the common lizard (Lacerta vivipara). Horm Behav 42:319-26.
Meylan S, Miles DB, Clobert J. 2012. Hormonally mediated maternal effects, individual strategy and global change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 367:1647-64.
Monaghan P. 2008. Early growth conditions, phenotypic development and environmental change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 363:1635-45.
Monaghan P, Spencer KA. 2014. Stress and life history. Curr Biol 10:408-12.
Monaghan P, Haussmann MF. 2015. The positive and negative consequences of stressors during early life. Early Hum Dev 91:643-7.
Monclus R, Tiulim J, Blumstein DT. 2011. Older mothers follow conservative strategies under predator pressure: the adaptive role of maternal glucocorticoids in yellow-bellied marmots. Horm Behav 60:660-5.
Moore MP, Landberg T, Whiteman HH. 2015. Maternal investment mediates offspring life history variation with context-dependent fitness consequences. Ecology 96:2499-509.
Moran N. 1992. The evolutionary maintenance of alternative phenotypes. Am Nat 139:971-89.
Morley-Fletcher S, Rea M, Maccari S, Laviola G. 2003. Environmental enrichment during adolescence reverses the effects of prenatal stress on play behaviour and HPA axis reactivity in rats. Eur J Neurosci 18:3367-74.
Montano MM, Wang MH, vom Saal FS. 1993. Sex differences in plasma corticosterone in mouse fetuses are mediated by differential placental transport from the mother and eliminated by maternal adrenalectomy or stress. J Reprod Fertil 99:283-90.
Mueller BR, Bale TL. 2008. Sex-specific programming of offspring emotionality after stress early in pregnancy. J Neurosci 28:9055-65.
Müller W, Lessells CM, Korsten P, von Engelhardt N. 2007. Manipulative signals in family conflict? On the function of maternal yolk hormones in birds. Am Nat 169:E84.
Navara KJ. 2010. Programming of offspring sex ratios by maternal stress in humans: assessment of physiological mechanisms using a comparative approach. J Comp Physiol B 180:785-96.
Navara KJ. 2013. Hormone-mediated adjustments of sex ratio in vertebrates. Integr Comp Biol 53:877-87.
Ostfeld RS, Keesing F. 2000. Pulsed resources and community dynamics of consumers in terrestrial ecosystems. Trends Ecol Evol 15:232-7.
Paitz RT, Bowden RM. 2013. Sulfonation of maternal steroids is a conserved metabolic pathway in vertebrates. Integr Comp Biol 53:895-901.
Paitz RT, Bukhari SA, Bell AM. 2016. Stickleback embryos use ATP-binding cassette transporters as a buffer against exposure to maternally derived cortisol. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 283 published online (doi: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2838).
Panchanathan K, Frankenhuis WE. 2016. The evolution of sensitive periods in a model of incremental development. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 283 published online (doi: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2439).
Pearse IS, Koenig WD, Kelly D. 2016. Mechanisms of mast seeding: resources, weather, cues, and selection. New Phytol 212:546-62.
Pembrey ME, Bygren LO, Kaati G, Edvinsson S, Northstone K, Sjostrom M, Golding J. 2006. Sex-specific, male-line transgenerational responses in humans. Eur J Hum Genet 14:159-66.
Pike TW, Petrie M. 2006. Experimental evidence that corticosterone affects offspring sex ratios in quail. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 273:1093-8.
Reimchen TE. 1991. Foraging failures and the evolution of body size in stickleback. Copeia 4:1098-104.
Relyea RA. 2003. Predators come and predators go: the reversibility of predator-induced traits. Ecology 84:1840-8.
Roche DP, McGhee KE, Bell AM. 2012. Maternal predator-exposure has lifelong consequences for offspring learning in threespined sticklebacks. Biol Lett 8:932-5.
Rossiter MC. 1994. Maternal effects hypothesis of herbivore outbreak: a framework for the inclusion of population-quality variables as central features of herbivore population-dynamics models. BioScience 44:752-63.
Russell AF, Langmore NE, Cockburn A, Astheimer LB, Kilner RM. 2007. Reduced egg investment can conceal helper effects in cooperatively breeding birds. Science 317:941-4.
Russell AF, Langmore NE, Gardner JL, Kilner RM. 2008. Maternal investment tactics in superb fairy-wrens. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 275:29-36.
Saino N, Romano M, Ferrari RP, Martinelli R, Møller AP. 2005. Stressed mothers lay eggs with high corticosterone levels which produce low-quality offspring. J Exp Zool 303:998-1006.
Schlaepfer MA, Runge MC, Sherman PW. 2002. Ecological and evolutionary traps. Trends Ecol Evol 17:474-80.
Schmidt KL, MacDougall-Shackleton EA, Soma KK, MacDougall-Shackleton SA. 2014. Developmental programming of the HPA and HPG axes by early-life stress in male and female sparrows. Gen Comp Endocrinol 196:72-80.
Schmidt KL, MacDougall-Shackleton EA, MacDougall-Shackleton SA. 2012. Developmental stress has sex-specific effects on nestling growth and adult metabolic rates but no effect on adult body size or body composition in song sparrows. J Exp Biol 215:3207-17.
Schmidt KL, Moore SD, MacDougall-Shackleton EA, MacDougall-Shackleton SA. 2013. Early-life stress affects song complexity, song learning, and the volume of RA in adult male song sparrows. Anim Behav 86:25-35.
Seckl JR. 2004. Prenatal glucocorticoids and long-term programming. Eur J Endocrinol 151:U49-62.
Sheriff MJ. 2015. The adaptive potential of maternal stress exposure in regulating population dynamics. J Anim Ecol 84:323-5.
Sheriff MJ, Krebs CJ, Boonstra R. 2009. The sensitive hare: sublethal effects of predator stress on reproduction in snowshoe hares. J Anim Ecol 78:1249-58.
Sheriff MJ, Krebs CJ, Boonstra R. 2010. The ghosts of predators past: population cycles and the role of maternal programming under fluctuating predation risk. Ecology 91:2983-94.
Sheriff MJ, Krebs CJ, Boonstra R. 2011. From process to pattern: how fluctuating predation risk impacts the stress axis of snowshoe hares during the 10-year cycle. Oecologia 166:593-605.
Sheriff MJ, Love OP. 2013. Determining the adaptive potential of maternal stress. Ecol Lett 16:271-80.
Sheriff MJ, McMahon EK, Krebs CJ, Boonstra R. 2015. Predator-induced maternal stress and population demography in snowshoe hares: the more severe the risk, the longer the generational effect. J Zool 296:305-10.
Sih A. 2010. Understanding variation in behavioural responses to human-induced rapid environmental change: a conceptual overview. Anim Behav 85:1077-88.
Sih A, Bolnick DI, Luttbeg B, Orrock JL, Peacor SD, Pinto LM, Preisser E, Rehage JS, Vonesh JR. 2010. Predator-prey naïveté, antipredator behavior, and the ecology of predator invasions. Oikos 119:610-21.
Silverin B. 1986. Corticosterone-binding proteins and behavior effects of high plasma levels of corticosterone during the breeding period in the pied flycatcher. Gen Comp Endocrinol 64:67-74.
Skinner MK, Anway MD, Savenkova MI, Gore AC, Crews D. 2008. Transgenerational epigenetic programming of the brain transcriptome and anxiety behavior. PLoS One 3:e3745.
Snell-Rood EC. 2012. Selective processes in development: implications for the costs and benefits of phenotypic plasticity. Integr Comp Biol 52:31-42.
Sopinka NM, Capelle PM, Semeniuk CAD, Love OP. 2017. Glucocorticoids in fish eggs: variation, interactions with the environment, and the potential to shape offspring fitness. Physiol Biochem Zool 90:15-33.
St-Cyr S, Abuaish S, Sivanathan S, McGowan PO. 2017. Maternal programming of sex-specific responses to predator odor stress in adult rats. Horm Behav 94:1-12.
Stamps JA, Krishnan VV. 2014. Combining information from ancestors and personal experiences to predict individual differences in developmental trajectories. Am Nat 184:647-57.
Stein LR, Bell AM. 2014. Paternal programming in sticklebacks. Anim Behav 95:165-71.
Strange MS, Bowden RM, Thompson CF, Sakaluk SK. 2016. Pre- and postnatal effects of corticosterone on fitness-related traits and the timing of endogenous corticosterone production in a songbird. J Exp Zool A Ecol Genet Physiol 325:347-59.
Sullivan EC, Hinde K, Mendoza SP, Capitanio JP. 2011. Cortisol concentrations in the milk of rhesus monkey mothers are associated with confident temperament in sons, but not daughters. Dev Psychobiol 53:96-104.
Trimmer PC, Ehlman SM, Sih A. 2017. Predicting behavioural responses to novel organisms: state-dependent detection theory. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 284 published online (doi: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2108).
Trivers RL, Willard DE. 1973. Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring. Science 179:90-2.
Uller T. 2008. Developmental plasticity and the evolution of parental effects. Trends Ecol Evol 23:432-8.
Uller T, Pen I. 2011. A theoretical model for the evolution of maternal effects under parent-offspring conflict. Evolution 65:2075-84.
Uller T, Nakagawa S, English S. 2013. Weak evidence for anticipatory parental effects in plants and animals. J Evol Biol 26:2161-70.
Veller C, Haig D, Nowak MA. 2016. The Trivers-Willard hypothesis: sex ratio or investment? Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 283 published online (doi: 10.1098/ rspb.2016.0126).
Vitt LJ, Cooper WE. 1986. Tail loss, tail color, and predator escape in Eumeces (Lacertilia: Scincidae): age-specific differences in costs and benefits. Can J Zool 64:583-92.
West-Eberhard MJ. 2003. Developmental plasticity and evolution. New York (NY): Oxford University Press.
Wright J, Dingemanse NJ. 1999. Parents and helpers compensate for experimental changes in the provisioning effort of others in the Arabian babbler. Anim Behav 58:345-50.
Zanette LY, White AF, Allen MC, Clinchy M. 2011. Perceived predation risk reduces the number of offspring songbirds produce per year. Science 334:1398-401.
Zimmer C, Larriva M, Boogert NJ, Spencer KA. 2017. Transgenerational transmission of a stress-coping phenotype programmed by early-life stress in the Japanese quail. Sci Rep 7:46125.
