Strategies for the prevention of hip fracture

[en] Hip fractures are associated with 10% to 20% excess mortality in the first year and cause functional disability in most survivors. An estimated 17% of white women in the United States will sustain a hip fracture after the age of 50 years. Despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines for hip fracture prevention, routine screening and preventive measures have not been incorporated into standard primary care practice. Many physicians lack adequate knowledge to initiate bone mineral density testing and treatment with preventive medications to decrease the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures. Furthermore, patients are less likely to request information about bone health than about diseases for which systematic screening and prevention protocols have been established. This review describes preventive measures to decrease hip fracture in postmenopausal women, including screening by bone mineral density testing, risk factor assessment, and chemoprevention. Existing guidelines are summarized, and dilemmas regarding their implementation are discussed. (C) 2003 by Excerpta Medica Inc.

Disciplines :

General & internal medicine

Author, co-author :

Gourlay, M.

Richy, F.

Reginster, Jean-Yves ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Epidémiologie et santé publique

Language :

English

Title :

Strategies for the prevention of hip fracture

Publication date :

September 2003

Journal title :

American Journal of Medicine

ISSN :

0002-9343

eISSN :

1555-7162

Publisher :

Excerpta Medica Inc, New York, United States - New York

Volume :

115

Issue :

Pages :

309-317

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 30 November 2009

Statistics

Number of views

55 (1 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

0 (0 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Cummings S., Melton L. Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures. Lancet. 359:2002;1761-1767.
Ray N., Chan J., Thamer M., Melton L. Medical expenditures for the treatment of osteoporotic fractures in the United States in 1995 report from the National Osteoporosis Foundation . J Bone Miner Res. 12:1997;24-35.
Looker A., Johnston C. Jr, Wahner H., et al. Prevalence of low femoral bone density in older US women from NHANES III. J Bone Miner Res. 10:1995;796-802.
Healthy People 2010 Understanding and Improving Health . 2000;U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
National Osteoporosis Foundation. Physician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. 2003. Available at: http://www.nof.org/. Accessed June 22, 2003.
Cummings S., Bates D., Black D. Clinical use of bone densitometry scientific review . JAMA. 288:2002;1889-1900.
Assessment of Osteoporotic Fracture Risk and Its Role in Screening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. 1994;World Health Organization; 1994 WHO Technical Report Series, No. 843, Geneva.
Cummings S., Black D. Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group . Lancet. 341:1993;72-75.
Siris E., Miller P., Barrett-Connor E., Faulkner K., Wehren L., Abbot T. Identification and fracture outcomes of undiagnosed low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women results from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment . JAMA. 286:2001;2815-2822.
Screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women recommendations and rationale . Ann Intern Med. 137:2002;526-528.
Marshall D., Johnell O., Wedel H. Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. BMJ. 312:1996;1254-1259.
Kanis J., Johnell O., Oden A., Jonsson B., Dawson A., Dere W. Risk of hip fracture derived from relative risks an analysis applied to the population of Sweden . Osteoporos Int. 11:2000;120-127.
Dargent-Molina P., Douchin M., Cormier C., Meunier P., Breart G. Use of clinical risk factors in elderly women with low bone mineral density to identify women at higher risk of hip fracture the EPIDOS prospective study . Osteoporos Int. 13:2002;593-599.
Cummings S., Nevitt M., Browner W., et al. Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. N Engl J Med. 332:1995;767-774.
Ben Sedrine W., Broers P., Devogelaer J., et al. Interest of a prescreening questionnaire to reduce the cost of bone densitometry. Osteoporos Int. 13:2002;434-442.
Geusens P., Hochberg M., van der Voort D., et al. Performance of risk indices for identifying low bone density in postmenopausal women. Mayo Clin Proc. 77:2002;629-637.
Bauer D., Gluer C., Cauley J., et al. Broadband ultrasound attenuation predicts fractures strongly and independently of densitometry in older women. A prospective study. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Arch Intern Med. 157:1997;629-634.
Pluijm S., Graafmans W.C., Bouter L.M., Lips P. Ultrasound measurements for the prediction of osteoporotic fractures in elderly people. Osteoporos Int. 9:1999;550-556.
Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: Diagnosis and Monitoring. Summary, Evidence Report/Technology Assessment: Number 28. Rockville, Maryland: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2001. AHRQ Publication 01-E031.
Risks and benefits of estrogen and progestin in healthy postmenopausal women principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial . JAMA. 288:2002;321-333.
Hulley S., Furberg C., Barrett-Connor E., et al. Noncardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study Follow-up (HERS II) . JAMA. 288:2002;58-66.
Reginster J., Sawicki A., Devogelaer J., et al. Strontium ranelate reduces the risk of hip fracture in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 13:(suppl):2002;O14.
Chapuy M., Arlot M., Duboeuf F., et al. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. N Engl J Med. 327:1992;1637-1642.
Dawson-Hughes B., Harris S., Krall E., Dallal G. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years and older. N Engl J Med. 337:1997;670-676.
Trivedi D., Doll R., Khaw T. Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community randomised double blind controlled trial . BMJ. 326:2003;469-474.
Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States Executive Summary . 1995;U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Dawson-Hughes B., Harris S., Dallal G., Lancaster D., Zhou Q. Calcium supplementation and bone medication use in a US Medicare health maintenance organization. Osteoporos Int. 13:2002;657-662.
Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Executive summary: dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. 1999. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/html/dri_calcium/tables.html/. Accessed May 24, 2003.
Chestnut C., Silverman S., Andriano K., et al. A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon calcitonin in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis the prevent recurrence of osteoporotic fractures study. PROOF Study Group . Am J Med. 109:2000;267-276.
Black D., Thompson D., Bauer D., et al. Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis the Fracture Intervention Trial . J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 85:2000;4118-4124.
McClung M., Geusens P., Miller P., et al. Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. N Engl J Med. 344:2001;333-340.
Cranney A., Guyatt G., Griffith L., Wells G., Tugwell P., Rosen C. IX Summary of meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis . Endocr Rev. 23:2002;570-578.
Ettinger B., Pressman A., Schein J. Clinic visits and hospital admissions for care of acid-related upper gastrointestinal disorders in women using alendronate for osteoporosis. Am J Manag Care. 4:1998;1377-1382.
Cranney A., Tugwell P., Zytaruk N., et al. Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. IV. Meta-analysis of raloxifene for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocr Rev. 23:2002;524-528.
Cummings S., Eckert S., Krueger K., et al. The effect of raloxifene on risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women results from the MORE randomized trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation . JAMA. 281:1999;2189-2197.
Barrett-Connor E., Grady D., Sashegyi A., et al. Raloxifene and cardiovascular events in osteoporotic postmenopausal women four-year results from the MORE (Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation) randomized trial . JAMA. 287:2002;847-857.
Ettinger B., Black D., Mitlak B., et al. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial . JAMA. 282:1999;637-645.
Lee E., Zuckerman I., Weiss S. Patterns of pharmacotherapy and counseling for osteoporosis management in visits to US ambulatory care physicians by women. Arch Intern Med. 162:2002;2362-2366.
Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions Recommendations and Rationale . 2002;Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland.
Greenspan S., Resnick N., Parker R. Combination therapy with hormone replacement and alendronate for prevention of bone loss in elderly women a randomized controlled trial . JAMA. 289:2003;2525-2533.
Ascott-Evans B., Guanabens N., Kivinen S., et al. Alendronate prevents loss of bone density associated with discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy. Arch Intern Med. 163:2003;789-794.
Neer R., Arnaud C., Zanchetta J., et al. Effect of parathyroid hormone (1-34) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 344:2001;1434-1441.
Vahle J., Sato M., Long G. Skeletal changes in rats given daily subcutaneous injections of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34) for 2 years and relevance to human safety. Toxicol Pathol. 30:2001;312-321.
Parker M, Gillespie L, Gillespie W. Hip protectors for preventing hip fractures in the elderly (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library. Issue 3, 2002. Oxford, United Kingdom: Update Software; 2002.
Meyer G., Warnke A., Bender R., Muhlhauser I. Effect on hip fractures of increased use of hip protectors in nursing homes cluster randomised controlled trial . BMJ. 326:2003;76-80.
van Schoor N., Smit J., Twisk J., Bouter L., Lips P. Prevention of hip fractures by external hip protectors a randomized controlled trial . JAMA. 289:2003;1957-1962.
Jensen J., Lundin-Olsson L., Nyberg L., Gustafson Y. Fall and injury prevention in older people living in residential care facilities. Ann Intern Med. 136:2002;733-741.
Recommendations regarding selected conditions affecting women's health. MMWR Recomm Rep. 49:(RR-2):2000;1-76.
Prevention and Management of Hip Fracture in Older People. A National Clinical Guideline. Edinburgh, Scotland: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network; 2002. SIGN Publication No. 56.
Guideline for the prevention of falls in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 49:2001;664-672.
Guidelines for the prevention of falls in people over 65. BMJ. 321:2000;1007-1011.
Screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women recommendations and rationale . Ann Intern Med. 137:2002;526-528.
Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis and therapy. JAMA. 285:2001;785-795.
Physician's Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. 1999;Excerpta Medica, Inc, Belle Mead, New Jersey.
Osteoporosis. Guide to Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment. 1999;Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Osteoporosis. 1998;American Medical Directors Association, Columbia, Maryland.
Management of postmenopausal osteoporosis position statement of The North American Menopause Society . Menopause. 9:2002;84-101.
Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: 2001 update. Arthritis Rheum. 44:2001;1496-1503.
Gallagher T., Geling O., Comite F. Missed opportunities for prevention of osteoporotic fracture. Arch Intern Med. 162:2002;450-456.
United States Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. In: Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. 2nd ed. Alexandria, Virginia: International Medical Publishing; 1996:509-516.
Papa L., Weber B. Physician characteristics associated with use of bone densitometry. J Gen Intern Med. 12:1997;781-783.
Simonelli C., Killeen K., Mehle S., Swanson L. Barriers to osteoporosis identification and treatment among primary care physicians and orthopedic surgeons. Mayo Clin Proc. 77:2002;334-338.
Economides P., Kaklamani V., Karavas I., Papaioannou G., Supran S., Mirel R. Assessment of physician responses to abnormal results of bone densitometry studies. Endocr Pract. 6:2000;351-356.
Davis P., Kvern B., Donen N., Andrews E., Nixon O. Evaluation of a problem-based learning workshop using pre- and post-test objective structured clinical examinations and standardized patients. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 20:2000;164-170.
Stock J., Waud C., Coderre J., et al. Clinical reporting to primary care physicians leads to increased use and understanding of bone densitometry and affects the management of osteoporosis. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 128:1998;996-999.
Pazirandeh M. Does patient partnership in continuing medical education (CME) improve the outcome in osteoporosis management. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 22:2002;142-151.