Grip strength measurement: Towards a standardized approach in sarcopenia research and practice

[en] Introduction: Grip strength is a well-accepted measure of muscle strength. A standardized protocol for the measurement of grip strength has been proposed in 2011 to enable consistent measurement of grip strength and comparisons between studies. It is unknown whether this protocol has been adopted in sarcopenia research and practice. The aim of the study was to provide insight into current measurement practice, including the use of cut-off values for low muscle strength. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted, followed by a methodological quality assessment and extraction of relevant data. Inclusion criteria included a description of the grip strength protocol, EWGSOP standards were used to define sarcopenia, data was collected after 2010 and participants were 65 years and older. Results: Twenty-seven observational papers were included in the review. The methodological quality was acceptable/good. Overall, information about the protocol was limited with a large variability in measurement approach. Most non-Asian studies used cut-off values for low grip strength of 30 kg for men and 20 kg for women. Asian studies showed more variability in choice of cut-off values. Discussion: The proposed grip strength measurement protocol has been poorly adopted since its publication. Although there seems to be some agreement on cut-off values in non-Asian studies, proposed cut-off values need to be evaluated in specific diseases and settings and its predictive abilities regarding outcomes such as mobility limitations and falls needs to be determined. Asian research on cut-off values is still ongoing. © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS and European Union Geriatric Medicine Society. All rights reserved.

Disciplines :

General & internal medicine

Author, co-author :

Schaap, L. A.; VU University Amsterdam, Department of Health Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Fox, B.; University of Queensland, UQ/Blue Care Research and Practice Development Centre, Australian Centre for Evidence Based Community Care, A Joanna Briggs Collaborating Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Henwood, T.; University of Queensland, UQ/Blue Care Research and Practice Development Centre, Australian Centre for Evidence Based Community Care, A Joanna Briggs Collaborating Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, AgeFIT Solutions, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia

Bruyère, Olivier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique, Epidémiologie et Economie de la santé

Reginster, Jean-Yves ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique, Epidémiologie et Economie de la santé

Beaudart, Charlotte ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Epidémiologie clinique

Buckinx, Fanny ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique, Epidémiologie et Economie de la santé

Roberts, H.; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, UK University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom

Cooper, C.; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Cherubini, A.; Geriatrics and Geriatric Emergency Care, Italian National Research Center on Aging, IRCCS, INRCA, Ancona, Italy

More authors (3 more)

Title :

Grip strength measurement: Towards a standardized approach in sarcopenia research and practice

Publication date :

2016

Journal title :

European Geriatric Medicine

ISSN :

1878-7649

eISSN :

1878-7657

Publisher :

Elsevier Masson SAS

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

247-255

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 04 December 2017

Statistics

Number of views

96 (7 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

4 (3 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Roberts HC, Denison HJ, Martin HJ, Patel HP, Syddall H, Cooper C, et al. A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach. Age Ageing 2011;40(4):423-9.
Sayer AA, Kirkwood TB. Grip strength and mortality: a biomarker of ageing? Lancet 2015;386(9990):226-7.
Fox B, Henwood T, Neville C, Keogh J. Relative and absolute reliability of functional performance measures for adults with dementia living in residen-tial aged care. Inter Psychogeriatrics/IPA 2014;26(10):1659-67.
Legrand D, Adriaensen W, Vaes B, Mathei C, Wallemacq P, Degryse J. The relationship between grip strength and muscle mass (MM), inflammatory biomarkers and physical performance in community-dwelling very old persons. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2013;57(3):345-51.
Mendes AE, Nascimento L, Mansur LL, Callegaro D, Jacob Filho W. Tongue forces and handgrip strength in normal individuals: association with swal-lowing. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015;70(1):41-5.
Shin HY, Kim SW, Kim JM, Shin IS, Yoon JS. Association of grip strength with dementia in a Korean older population. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012;27(5): 500-5.
Dhanwal DK, Dharmshaktu P, Gautam VK, Gupta N, Saxena A. Hand grip strength and its correlation with vitamin D in Indian patients with hip fracture. Arch Osteopor 2013;8:158.
Newman AB, Kupelian V, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, et al. Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006;61(1):72-7.
Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum Jr A, Orlandini A, et al. Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Lancet 2015;386(9990):266-73.
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing 2010;39(4):412-23.
Mijnarends DM, Meijers JM, Halfens RJ, ter Borg S, Luiking YC, Verlaan S, et al. Validity and reliability of tools to measure muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in community-dwelling older people: a systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013;14(3):170-8.
Beaudart C, Reginster JY, Slomian J, Buckinx F, Locquet M, Bruyere O. Preva-lence of sarcopenia: the impact of different diagnostic cut-off limits. J Mus-culoskelet Neuronal Interact 2014;14(4):425-31.
Beaudart C, Reginster JY, Slomian J, Buckinx F, Dardenne N, Quabron A, et al. Estimation of sarcopenia prevalence using various assessment tools. Exp Gerontol 2015;61:31-7.
Lauretani F, Russo CR, Bandinelli S, Bartali B, Cavazzini C, Di Iorio A, et al. Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia. J Applied Physiol 2003;95(5):1851-60.
Alley DE, Shardell MD, Peters KW, McLean RR, Dam TT, Kenny AM, et al. Grip strength cutpoints for the identification of clinically relevant weakness. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014;69(5):559-66.
Wu SW, Wu SF, Liang HW, Wu ZT, Huang S. Measuring factors affecting grip strength in a Taiwan Chinese population and a comparison with consolidated norms. Appl Ergon 2009;40(4):811-5.
Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56(3):M146-56.
Dodds RM, Syddall HE, Cooper R, Benzeval M, Deary IJ, Dennison EM, et al. Grip strength across the life course: normative data from twelve British studies. PloS one 2014;9(12):e113637.
Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Morley JE, Newman AB, et al. Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2011;12(4):249-56.
Fox B, Henwood T, Schaap L, Bruyère O, Reginster JY, Beaudart C, et al. Adherence to a standardized protocol for measuring grip strength and appro-priate cut-off values in adults over 65 years with sarcopenia: a systematic review protocol. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep 2015;13(10):50-9.
Cherin P, Voronska E, Fraoucene N, De Jaeger C. Prevalence of sarcopenia among healthy ambulatory subjects: the sarcopenia begins from 45 years. Aging Clin Exp Res 2014;26(2):137-46.
Drey M, Krieger B, Sieber CC, Bauer JM, Hettwer S, Bertsch T. Motoneuron loss is associated with sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014;15(6):435-9.
Landi F, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Liperoti R, Russo A, Giovannini S, Tosato M, et al. Sarcopenia and mortality risk in frail olderpersons aged 80 years and older: results from iLSIRENTE study. Age Ageing 2013;42(2):203-9.
Landi F, Liperoti R, Fusco D, Mastropaolo S, Quattrociocchi D, Proia A, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia among nursing home older residents. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012;67A(1):48-55.
Mijnarends DM, Schols JMGA, Meijers JMM, Tan FES, Verlaan S, Luiking YC, et al. Instruments to assess sarcopenia and physical frailty in older people living in a community (care) setting: similarities and discrepancies. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015;16(4):301-8.
Patel HP, Syddall HE, Jameson K, Robinson S, Denison H, Roberts HC, et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people in the UK using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS). Age Ageing 2013;42(3):378-84.
Patil R, Uusi-Rasi K, Pasanen M, Kannus P, Karinkanta S, Sievanen H. Sarcopenia and osteopenia among 70-80-year-old home-dwelling Finnish women: preva-lence and association with functional performance. Osteoporos Int 2013;24(3): 787-96.
Rossi AP, Fantin F, Micciolo R, Bertocchi M, Bertassello P, Zanandrea V, et al. Identifying sarcopenia in acute care setting patients. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014;15(4):303e7-303e12.
Sousa AS, Guerra RS, Fonseca I, Pichel F, Amaral TF. Sarcopenia among hospital-ized patients - a cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr 2014;10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2014.12.015.
Tasar PT, Sahin S, Karaman E, Ulusoy MG, Duman S, Berdeli A, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in elderly nursing home residents. Eur Geriatr Med 2015;6(3):214-9.
Sanchez-Rodriguez D, Marco E, Miralles R, Fayos M, Mojal S, Alvarado M, et al. Sarcopenia, physical rehabilitation and functional outcomes of patients in a subacute geriatric care unit. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014;59(1):39-43.
Hiroyasu S, Misako H, Tomoshige K. Association of sarcopenia with swallowing problems, related to nutrition and activities of daily living of elderly individuals. J Phys Ther Sci 2015;27(2):393-6.
Hsu Y-H, Liang C-K, Chou M-Y, Liao M-C, Lin Y-T, Chen L-K, et al. Association of cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms and sarcopenia among healthy older men in the veterans retirement community in southern Taiwan: a cross-sectional study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014;14(Suppl 1):102-8.
Ishii S, Tanaka T, Shibasaki K, Ouchi Y, Kikutani T, Higashiguchi T, et al. Development of a simple screening test for sarcopenia in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014;14(Suppl 1):93-101.
Kim YP, Kim S, Joh JY, Hwang HS. Effect of interaction between dynapenic component of the European Working Group on sarcopenia in older people sarcopenia criteria and obesity on activities of daily living in the elderly. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014;15(5):371e1-5.
Kim H, Suzuki T, Kim M, Kojima N, Yoshida Y, Hirano H, et al. Incidence and predictors of sarcopenia onset in community-dwelling elderly japanese wom-en: 4-year follow-up study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015;16(1):85e1-8.
Lee WJ, Liu LK, Peng LN, Lin MH, Chen LK. Comparisons of sarcopenia defined by IWGS and EWGSOP criteria among older people: results from the I-Lan longitudinal aging study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013;14(7):528e1-7.
Wu CH, Chen KT, Hou MT, Chang YF, Chang CS, Liu PY, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia in older Taiwanese living in rural community: the Tianliao old people study 04. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014;14(Suppl 1):69-75.
Yamada M, Nishiguchi S, Fukutani N, Tanigawa T, Yukutake T, Kayama H, et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling Japanese older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013;14(12):911-5.
Yoshida D, Suzuki T, Shimada H, Park H, Makizako H, Doi T, et al. Using two different algorithms to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia. Geriatr Geron-tol Int 2014;14(Suppl 1):46-51.
Zeng P, Wu S, Han Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhang E, et al. Differences in body composition and physical functions associated with sarcopenia in Chinese elderly: Reference values and prevalence. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015;60(1): 118-23.
Henwood TR, Keogh JW, Reid N, Jordan W, Senior HE. Assessing sarcopenic prevalence and risk factors in residential aged care: methodology and feasi-bility. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2014;5(3):229-36.
Huo YR, Suriyaarachchi P, Gomez F, Curcio CL, Boersma D, Muir SW, et al. Phenotype of osteosarcopenia in older individuals with a history of falling. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014;16(4):290-5.
Campbell TM, Vallis LA. Predicting fat-freemass index and sarcopenia in assisted-living older adults. Age (Dordr) 2014;36(4):9674.
Lourenço RA, Perez-zepeda M, Gutierrez-robledo L, Garcia-garcia FJ, Rodriguez manas L. Performance of the European working group on sarcopenia in older people algorithm in screening older adults for muscle mass assessment. Age Ageing 2015;44(2):334-8.
Studenski SA, Peters KW, Alley DE, Cawthon PM, McLean RR, Harris TB, et al. The FNIH sarcopenia project: rationale, study description, conference recommen-dations, and final estimates. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014;69(5):547-58.
Dodds RM, Sydall H, Cooper R, Kuh D, Cooper C, A.A.S. International normative data for grip strength across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Geriatr Med 2015;6(Suppl 1):S1-202.
Chen L-K, Liu L-K, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung T-W, Bahyah KS, et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for sarco-penia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014;15(2):95-101.
Woo J, Leung J. Anthrometric cut points for definition of sarcopenia based on incident mobility and physical limitation in older Chinese people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glv197.
Woo J, Arai TP, Sayer AA, Wong M, Syddall H, Yamada M, et al. Ethnic and geographic variations in muscle mass, muscle strength and physical perfor-mance measures. Eur Geriatr Med 2014;5(3):155-64.