Blain, H.; Department of internal medicine and geriatrics Montpellier university hospital EA 2991 movement to health Euromov Montpellier university MacVia-LR EIP-AHA reference site EUGMS, Montpellier, France
Masud, T.; Department of geriatric medicine Nottingham university hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham EUMS, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Dargent-Molina, P.; Inserm U1153 Orchard Team centre of research in epidemiology and statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS) Paris Descartes university EUGMS, Paris, France
Martin, Frédéric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Ingénierie des biosystèmes (Biose) > Biodiversité et Paysage
Rosendahl, E.; Umeå university department of community medicine and rehabilitation physiotherapy EUGMS, Umeå, Sweden
van der Velde, N.; Geriatrics department Academisch Medisch Centrum gériatrie EUGMS, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Bousquet, J.; MacVia-LR EIP-AHA reference Site Respiratory diseases department Montpellier university hospital Inserm U1018, Villejuif, France
Benetos, A.; Department of geriatrics EUGMS university hospital of Nancy Inserm U1116 CIC-P 1433 université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
Cooper, C.; MRC lifecourse epidemiology unit university of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, NIHR musculoskeletal biomedical research unit ESCEO/IOF university of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Kanis, J. A.; WHO collaborative centre for metabolic bone diseases ESCEO/IOF university of Sheffield medical school, Beech Hill road, Sheffield, United Kingdom
Reginster, Jean-Yves ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique, Epidémiologie et Economie de la santé
Rizzoli, R.; Service of bone diseases ESCEO/IOF Geneva university hospitals faculty of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
Cortet, B.; Hôpital Roger-Salengro osteoporosis research and information group (GRIO), Lille, France
Barbagallo, M.; Geriatric unit National clinical section of IAGG-ER university of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Dreinhöfer, K.; Department for muskuloskeletal rehabilitation prevention and health service research center for sport science and sport medicine (CSSB) center for musculoskeletal sugery (CMSC) Charité universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Department of orthopedics and traumatology fragility fracture network Medical Park of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Vellas, B.; Gérontopôle IAGG-ER institute of ageing university hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
Maggi, S.; National research council EUGMS aging branch institute of neuroscience, Padova, Italy
Strandberg, T.; University of Helsinki, Helsinki university central hospital, Helsinki, Finland, University of Oulu EUGMS center for life course health research, Oulu, Finland
Alvarez, M. N.; Department of geriatric medicine of Infanta Sofia university hospital S.S. Reyes, Madrid, Spain
Annweiler, C.; Department of neuroscience division of geriatric medicine Angers university hospital university memory clinic UPRES EA 4638 UNAM, Angers, France, Robarts research institute department of medical biophysics Schulich school of medicine and dentistry the university of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada
Bernard, P.-L.; UFR-STAPS université Montpellier EA 2991 EuroMov, Montpellier, France
Beswetherick, N.; OBE MBA FCSP chartered society of physiotherapy, London, United Kingdom
Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; ESCEO/IOF department of geriatrics and aging research university hospital Zurich and university of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Bloch, F.; EA 4468 department of gerontology hôpital Broca AP–HP university Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
Boddaert, J.; CNRS UMR8256 unit of perioperative geriatric care geriatric department Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital Pierre-et-Marie-Curie university UPMC Paris 6, Paris, France
Bonnefoy, M.; Department of geriatrics groupement hospitalier Sud HCL université Claude-Bernard unité Inserm 1060, Pierre-Bénite cedex, France
Bousson, V.; Service de radiologie ostéoarticulaire hôpital Lariboisière GRIO, Paris, France
Bourdel-Marchasson, I.; Clinical gerontology department CHU de Bordeaux RMSB UMR 5536 CNRS Bordeaux university, Bordeaux, France
Capisizu, A.; University of medicine and pharmacy “Carol Davila” geriatric department “St Luke” hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Che, H.; Département de rhumatologie pôle os et articulations hôpital Lapeyronie université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Clara, J. G.; Department of internal medicine and geriatrics clinical Sao Joao de deus, Libon, Portugal
Combe, B.; Société française de rhumatologie département de rhumatologie pôle os et articulations hôpital Lapeyronie université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
Delignieres, D.; UFR-STAPS université Montpellier EA 2991 EuroMov, Montpellier, France
Eklund, P.; Department of computing science, Umeå university, Umeå, Sweden
Emmelot-Vonk, M.; Department of geriatrics, university medical centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
Freiberger, E.; Institute for biomedicine of aging, Nürnberg, Germany
Gauvain, J.-B.; Court séjour gériatrique GRIO CHR d'Orléans, Orléans, France
Goswami, N.; Institute of physiology, medical university of Graz, Graz, Austria
Guldemond, N.; University medical centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
Joël, M.-E.; Université Paris-Dauphine, Paris, France
Jónsdóttir, A. B.; Department of geriatric medicine, The National university hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
Kemoun, G.; Laboratoire EA 6314 université de Poitiers institut de recherche sur le handicap et le vieillissement, Paris, France
Kiss, I.; Division section of geriatrics 2nd department of internal medicine, Semmelweis university, Budapest, Hungary
Kolk, H.; Department of traumatology and orthopaedics, Tartu university hospital, Tartu, Estonia
Kowalski, M. L.; Department of immunology rheumatology and allergy, medical university of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Krajcík, Š.; Geriatric department Slovak Medical university, Bratislava, Slovakia
Kutsal, Y. G.; University research center of geriatric sciences, Ankara, Turkey
Lauretani, F.; University hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
Macijauskienė, J.; Department of geriatrics medical academy, Lithuanian university of health sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
Mellingsæter, M.; Akershus university hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
Morel, J.; Société française de rhumatologie département de rhumatologie pôle os et articulations hôpital Lapeyronie université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
Nourashemi, F.; Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
Nyakas, C.; Semmelweis university faculty of health sciences research unit for behavioral physiology, Budapest, Hungary
Puisieux, F.; Département de gériatrie CHU de Lille, Lille, France
Rambourg, P.; Pôle de pharmacie CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Ramírez, A. G.; Group of osteoporosis falls and fractures of the Spanish geriatrics society unit of geriatrics universitary hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Rapp, K.; Department of geriatrics and geriatric rehabilitation Robert-Bosch hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
Rolland, Y.; Gérontopôle de Toulouse institut du vieillissement centre hospitalo-universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, Unité mixe de recherche, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale 1027, university of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
Ryg, J.; Department of geriatric medicine, Odense university hospital, department of clinical research, university of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Sahota, O.; Department of orthogeriatric medicine and consultant physician QMC, Nottingham university hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Snoeijs, S.; Department of care demand of the chronically ill and disabled international comparative health services research, Utrecht, Netherlands
Stephan, Y.; EA 4556 dynamic of human abilities and health behaviors university of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Thomas, E.; Departement de rhumatologie pôle os et articulations hôpital Lapeyronie université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Todd, C.; School of nursing midwifery and social work, university of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Treml, J.; Co-Chair british geriatrics society falls and bone health section department of geriatric medicine Queen Elizabeth hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Adachi, R.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada
Agnusdei, D.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Skeletal diseases IOF Eli Lilly and Co., Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
Body, J.-J.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, CHU Brugmann ESCEO/IOF université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Breuil, V.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Nice university hospital GRIO Pasteur 2 hospital department of rheumatology UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/iBEB, Nice Sophia Antipolis university, Nice, France
Bruyère, Olivier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique, Epidémiologie et Economie de la santé
Burckardt, P.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Hirslanden Bois Cerf ESCEO/IOF, Lausanne, Switzerland
Cannata-Andia, J. B.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Bone and mineral research unit hospital Universitario Central de Asturias universidad de Oviedo ESCEO/IOF, Oviedo, Spain
Carey, J.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Department of rheumatology, ESCEO/IOF, Galway university hospitals, National university of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
Chan, D.-C.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Department of gerontology and geriatrics, National Taiwan university hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of internal medicine IOF National Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
Chapuis, L.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Service de rhumatologie GRIO, Vitré, France
Chevalley, T.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Division of bone diseases university hospitals and faculty of medicine ESCEO/IOF, Geneva, Switzerland
Cohen-Solal, M.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Inserm U1132 & USPC Paris-Diderot department of rheumatology hôpital Lariboisière GRIO, Paris, France
Dawson-Hughes, B.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Jean-Mayer United States department of agriculture human nutrition research center on aging Tufts university IOF, Boston, MA, United States
Dennison, E. M.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, NIHR Southampton biomedical research centre university of Southampton university hospital Southampton ESCEO/IOF, Southampton, United Kingdom
Devogelaer, J.-P.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Department of rheumatology Saint-Luc university hospital université catholique de Louvain ESCEO/IOF, Brussels, Belgium
Fardellone, P.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Department of rheumatology hôpital Nord Inserm U1088 GRIO, Amiens, France
Féron, J.-M.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Department of orthopaedic and trauma surgery Saint-Antoine hospital UPMC-Sorbonne universités GRIO, Paris, France
Perez, A. D.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Department of internal medicine hospital del Mar bone and joint research unit Municipal institute of medical research ESCEO/IOF, Barcelona, Spain
Felsenberg, D.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Centre for muscle and bone research charité universitätsmedizin Berlin ESCEO/IOF, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
Glueer, C.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein ESCEO/IOF, Kiel, Germany
Harvey, N.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, MRC lifecourse epidemiology unit university of Southampton ESCEO/IOF, Southampton, United Kingdom
Hiligsman, M.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Department of health services research school for public health and primary care (CAPHRI) Maastricht university ESCEO/IOF, Maastricht, Netherlands
Javaid, M. K.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, NIHR musculoskeletal biomedical research unit Nuffield department of orthopaedics university of Oxford ESCEO/IOF, Oxford, United Kingdom
Jörgensen, N. R.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Research center for ageing and osteoporosis department of clinical biochemistry Copenhagen university hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark, Institute of clinical medicine faculty of health sciences university of Copenhagen ESCEO/IOF, Copenhagen, Denmark
Kendler, D.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, University of British Columbia IOF, Vancouver, Canada
Kraenzlin, M.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, University hospital Basel Petersgraben ESCEO/IOF, Basel, Switzerland
Laroche, M.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Centre de rhumatologie CHU Purpan GRIO, Toulouse, France
Legrand, E.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Service de rhumatologie CHU d'Angers GRIO, Angers, France
Leslie, W. D.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, College of medicine university of Manitoba Winnipeg IOF, Manitoba, Canada
Lespessailles, E.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Service de rhumatologie CHR d'Orléans GRIO, La Source, France
Lewiecki, E. M.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, New Mexico clinical research and osteoporosis center IOF, Albuquerque, NM, United States
Nakamura, T.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, National center for global health and medicine IOF, Tokyo, Japan
Papaioannou, A.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Department of medicine McMaster university IOF, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Roux, C.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Department of rheumatology Cochin hospital and epidemiology and biostatistics unit Sorbonne Paris Cité research center Paris Descartes university Inserm U1153 ESCEO/GRIO/IOF, Paris, France
Silverman, S.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Cedars-Sinai medical center IOF, 8700, Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Henriquez, M. S.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Research group into osteoporosis and mineral metabolism, university of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, Bone metabolism unit internal medicine service university insular hospital ESCEO/IOF, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Thomas, T.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Hôpital de Bellevue groupe de recherche et d'information sur les osteoporoses ESCEO/GRIO//IOF, Saint-Étienne, France
Vasikaran, S.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, School of pathology and laboratory medicine university of Western Australia IOF, Nedlands, WA, Australia
Watts, N. B.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, Mercy health osteoporosis and bone health services clinical trial center IOF, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Weryha, G.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada, CHU de Nancy service d'endocrinologie GRIO, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
Adachi, R.; Saint-Joseph's hospital IOF Western university London, Ontario, Canada
[1] Johnell, O., Kanis, J.A., An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 17 (2006), 1726–1733.
[2] Fife, D., Barancik, J.I., Northeastern Ohio trauma study III: incidence of fractures. Ann Emerg Med 14 (1985), 244–248.
[3] Cummings, S.R., Nevitt, M.C., Non-skeletal determinants of fractures: the potential importance of the mechanics of falls. Study of Osteoporotic fractures research group. Osteoporos Int 4:Suppl. 1 (1994), 67–70.
[4] Burge, R., Dawson-Hughes, B., Solomon, D.H., Wong, J.B., King, A., Tosteson, A., Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005-2025. J Bone Miner Res 22 (2007), 465–475.
[5] Bliuc, D., Nguyen, N.D., Milch, V.E., Nguyen, T.V., Eisman, J.A., Center, J.R., Mortality risk associated with low-trauma osteoporotic fracture and subsequent fracture in men and women. JAMA 301 (2009), 513–521.
[6] Cooper, C., Cole, Z.A., Holroyd, C.R., Earl, S.C., Harvey, N.C., Dennison, E.M., et al. Secular trends in the incidence of hip and other osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 22 (2011), 1277–1288.
[7] Roux, C., Wyman, A., Hooven, F.H., Gehlbach, S.H., Adachi, J.D., Chapurlat, R.D., et al. Burden of nonhip, non-vertebral fractures on quality of life in postmenopausal women: the Global longitudinal study of osteoporosis in women (GLOW). Osteoporos Int 23 (2012), 2863–2871.
[8] Bischoff-Ferrari, H., Fragility fractures: the future epidemic and its challenges. Skeletal Radiol 42 (2013), 161–163.
[9] Blain, H., Abecassis, F., Adnet, P.A., Alomène, B., Amoyal, M., Bardy, B., et al. Living lab falls-MACVIA-LR: the falls prevention initiative of the European innovation partnership on active and healthy ageing (EIP on AHA) in Languedoc-Roussillon. Eur Geriatr Med 5 (2014), 416–425.
[10] European innovation partnership on active and healthy ageing. Action Plan A2 on specific action on innovation in support of “Personalized health management, starting with a Falls prevention initiative”. Update January 2013. https://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/pdf/active-healthy-ageing/a2_action_plan.pdf.
[11] Hung, W.W., Egol, K.A., Zuckerman, J.D., Siu, A.L., Hip fracture management: tailoring care for the older patient. JAMA 307 (2012), 2185–2194.
[12] Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A., Meyer, O., Comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic treatments to prevent fractures: is this all we need to know?. Ann Intern Med 161 (2014), 755–756.
[13] Järvinen, T.L., Michaëlsson, K., Jokihaara, J., Collins, G.S., Perry, T.L., Mintzes, B., et al. Overdiagnosis of bone fragility in the quest to prevent hip fracture. BMJ, 350, 2015, h2088.
[14] Compston, J., Overdiagnosis of osteoporosis: fact or fallacy?. Osteoporos Int 26 (2015), 2051–2054.
[15] O'Loughlin, J.L., Robitaille, Y., Boivin, J.F., Suissa, S., Incidence of and risk factors for falls and injurious falls among the community-dwelling elderly. Am J Epidemiol 137 (1993), 342–354.
[16] Tinetti, M.E., Clinical practice. Preventing falls in elderly persons. N Engl J Med 348 (2003), 42–49.
[17] Tinetti, M.E., Speechley, M., Ginter, S.F., Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med 319 (1988), 1701–1707.
[18] Campbell, A.J., Borrie, M.J., Spears, G.F., Jackson, S.L., Brown, J.S., Fitzgerald, J.L., Circumstances and consequences of falls experienced by a community population 70 years and over during a prospective study. Age Ageing 19 (1990), 136–141.
[19] Milat, A.J., Watson, W.L., Monger, C., Barr, M., Giffin, M., Reid, M., Prevalence, circumstances and consequences of falls among community-dwelling older people: results of the 2009 NSW Falls prevention baseline survey. N S W Public Health Bull 22 (2011), 43–48.
[20] Cameron, I.D., Gillespie, L.D., Robertson, M.C., Murray, G.R., Hill, K.D., Cumming, R.G., Kerse, N., Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 12, 2012, CD005465.
[21] Gillespie, L.D., Robertson, M.C., Gillespie, W.J., Sherrington, C., Gates, S., Clemson, L.M., Lamb, S.E., Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 9, 2012, CD007146.
[22] STEADI algorithm CDC's stopping elderly accidents, deaths and injuries (STEADI) Algorithm providing tools and educational material for health care providers. Centers for disease control and prevention, National center for injury prevention and control, Division of unintentional injury prevention. Available from: stevens. http://www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/Falls/steadi/index.html.7.
[23] Stevens, J.A., Phelan, E.A., Development of STEADI: a fall prevention resource for health care providers. Health Promot Pract 14 (2013), 706–714.
[24] El-Khoury, F., Cassou, B., Latouche, A., Aegerter, P., Charles, M.A., Dargent-Molina, P., Effectiveness of 2-year balance training programme on prevention of fall induced injuries in at risk women aged 75-85 living in community: Ossébo randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 351, 2015, h3830.
[25] Wagner, H., Melhus, H., Gedeborg, R., Pedersen, N.L., Michaëlsson, K., Simply ask them about their balance – future fracture risk in a nationwide cohort study of twins. Am J Epidemiol 169 (2009), 143–149.
[26] Caillet, P., Klemm, S., Ducher, M., Aussem, A., Schott, A.M., Hip fracture in the elderly: a re-analysis of the EPIDOS study with causal Bayesian networks. PLoS One, 10, 2015, e0120125.
[27] Furrer, R., van Schoor, N.M., de Haan, A., Lips, P., de Jongh, R.T., Gender-specific associations between physical functioning, bone quality, and fracture risk in older people. Calcif Tissue Int 94 (2014), 522–530.
[28] Lundin, H., Sääf, M., Strender, L.E., Nyren, S., Johansson, S.E., Salminen, H., One-leg standing time and hip-fracture prediction. Osteoporos Int 25 (2014), 1305–1311.
[29] Lord, S.R., March, L.M., Cameron, I.D., Cumming, R.G., Schwarz, J., Zochling, J., Chen, J.S., Makaroff, J., Sitoh, Y.Y., Lau, T.C., Brnabic, A., Sambrook, P.N., Differing risk factors for falls in nursing home and intermediate-care residents who can and cannot stand unaided. J Am Geriatr Soc. 51 (2003), 1645–1650.
[30] El-Khoury, F., Cassou, B., Charles, M.A., Dargent-Molina, P., The effect of fall prevention exercise programmes on fall induced injuries in community dwelling older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ, 347, 2013, f6234.
[31] Stubbs, B., Brefka, S., Denkinger, M.D., What works to prevent falls in community-dwelling older adults? Umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther 95 (2015), 1095–1110.
[32] Keall, M.D., Pierse, N., Howden-Chapman, P., Cunningham, C., Cunningham, M., Guria, J., Baker, M.G., Home modifications to reduce injuries from falls in the home injury prevention intervention (HIPI) study: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 385 (2015), 231–238.
[33] Li, W., Procter-Gray, E., Lipsitz, L.A., Leveille, S.G., Hackman, H., Biondolillo, M., Hannan, M.T., Utilitarian walking, neighborhood environment, and risk of outdoor falls among older adults. Am J Public Health 104 (2014), e30–e37.
[34] Campbell, A.J., Robertson, M.C., Fall prevention: single or multiple interventions? Single interventions for fall prevention. J Am Geriatr Soc 61 (2013), 281–284.
[35] Vlaeyen, E., Coussement, J., Leysens, G., Van der Elst, E., Delbaere, K., Cambier, D., et al. Center of expertise for fall and fracture prevention flanders. Characteristics and effectiveness of fall prevention programs in nursing homes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Geriatr Soc 63 (2015), 211–221.
[36] Day, L.M., Fall prevention programs for community-dwelling older people should primarily target a multifactorial intervention rather than exercise as a single intervention. J Am Geriatr Soc 61 (2013), 284–285.
[37] Ambrose, A.F., Cruz, L., Paul, G., Falls and fractures: a systematic approach to screening and prevention. Maturitas 82 (2015), 85–93.
[38] Zhang, W., Zhu, C., Sun, M., Ge, Y., Yan, G., Efficacy of bisphosphonates against hip fracture in elderly patients with stroke and Parkinson diseases: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 23 (2014), 2714–2724.
[39] Taylor, B.C., Schreiner, P.J., Stone, K.L., Fink, H.A., Cummings, S.R., Nevitt, M.C., et al. Long-term prediction of incident hip fracture risk in elderly white women: study of osteoporotic fractures. J Am Geriatr Soc 52 (2004), 1479–1486.
[40] Kojima, G., Frailty as a predictor of future falls among community-dwelling older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2015, S1525–S8610 [00439–9].
[41] Beswick, A.D., Rees, K., Dieppe, P., Ayis, S., Gooberman-Hill, R., Horwood, J., Ebrahim, S., Complex interventions to improve physical function and maintain independent living in elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 371 (2008), 725–735.
[42] American Geriatrics Society/British geriatrics Society clinical practice guideline: prevention of falls in older persons (2010). New York, NY: American Geriatrics Society; 2011. Available from: http://www.americangeriatrics.org/health care professionals/clinical practice/clinical guidelines recommendations/2010.
[43] Rizzoli, R., Bianchi, M.L., Garabédian, M., McKay, H.A., Moreno, L.A., Maximizing bone mineral mass gain during growth for the prevention of fractures in the adolescents and the elderly. Bone 46 (2010), 294–305.
[44] Specker, B., Minett, M., Can physical activity improve peak bone mass?. Curr Osteoporos Rep 11 (2013), 229–236.
[45] Golden, N.H., Abrams, S.A., Committee on nutrition. Optimizing bone health in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 134 (2014), e1229–e1243.
[46] Harvey, N., Dennison, E., Cooper, C., Osteoporosis: a lifecourse approach. J Bone Miner Res 29 (2014), 1917–1925.
[47] Milte, R., Crotty, M., Musculoskeletal health, frailty and functional decline. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 28 (2014), 395–410.
[48] Kanis, J.A., McCloskey, E.V., Johansson, H., Cooper, C., Rizzoli, R., Reginster, J.Y., Scientific advisory board of the european society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (ESCEO) and the Committee of scientific advisors of the international osteoporosis foundation (IOF). European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 24 (2013), 23–57.
[49] Kanis, J.A., Rizzoli, R., Cooper, C., Reginster, J.Y., Challenges for the development of bone-forming agents in Europe. Calcif Tissue Int 94 (2014), 469–473.
[50] Kanis, J.A., McCloskey, E., Branco, J., Brandi, M.L., Dennison, E., Devogelaer, J.P., Ferrari, S., Kaufman, J.M., Papapoulos, S., Reginster, J.Y., Rizzoli, R., Goal-directed treatment of osteoporosis in Europe. Osteoporos Int 25 (2014), 2533–2543.
[51] Rizzoli, R., Branco, J., Brandi, M.L., Boonen, S., Bruyère, O., Cacoub, P., Cooper, C., Diez-Perez, A., Duder, J., Fielding, R.A., Harvey, N.C., Hiligsmann, M., Kanis, J.A., Petermans, J., Ringe, J.D., Tsouderos, Y., Weinman, J., Reginster, J.Y., Management of osteoporosis of the oldest old. Osteoporos Int 25 (2014), 2507–2529.
[52] Kanis, J.A., Melton, L.J. 3rd., Christiansen, C., Johnston, C.C., Khaltaev, N., The diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 9 (1994), 1137–1141.
[53] Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1994 (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 843).
[54] International society for clinical densitometry. 2013 Official Positions - Adult. http://www.iscd.org/official-positions/2013-iscd-official-positions-adult/.
[55] Masud, T., Langley, S., Wiltshire, P., Doyle, D.V., Spector, T.D., Effect of spinal osteophytosis on bone mineral density measurements in vertebral osteoporosis. BMJ 307 (1993), 172–173.
[56] Kanis, J.A., McCloskey, E.V., Johansson, H., Oden, A., Melton, L.J. 3rd., Khaltaev, N., A reference standard for the description of osteoporosis. Bone 42 (2008), 467–475.
[57] Kanis, J.A., Hans, D., Cooper, C., Baim, S., Bilezikian, J.P., Binkley, N., et al. and the Task Force of the FRAX Initiative. Interpretation and use of FRAX in clinical practice. Osteoporos Int 22 (2011), 395–411.
[58] Blain, H., Rolland, Y., Beauchet, O., Annweiler, C., Benhamou, C.L., Benetos, A., et al. Usefulness of bone density measurement in fallers. Joint Bone Spine 81 (2014), 403–408.
[59] Nevitt, M.C., Cummings, S.R., Type of fall and risk of hip and wrist fractures: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Am Geriatr Soc 41 (1993), 1226–1234.
[60] Schuit, S.C., van der Klift, M., Weel, A.E., de Laet, C.E., Burger, H., Seeman, E., Hofman, A., et al. Fracture incidence and association with bone mineral density in elderly men and women: the Rotterdam Study. Bone 34 (2004), 195–202.
[61] Crandall, C.J., Newberry, S.J., Diamant, A., Lim, Y.W., Gellad, W.F., Booth, M.J., et al. Comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic treatments to prevent fractures: an updated systematic review. Ann Intern Med 161 (2014), 711–723.
[62] Lyles, K.W., Colón-Emeric, C.S., Magaziner, J.S., Adachi, J.D., Pieper, C.F., Mautalen, C., et al. Zoledronic acid in reducing clinical fracture and mortality after hip fracture. N Engl J Med, 357, 2007 nihpa40967.
[63] Eriksen, E.F., Díez-Pérez, A., Boonen, S., Update on long-term treatment with bisphosphonates for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic review. Bone 58 (2014), 126–135.
[64] Hiligsmann, M., Evers, S.M., Ben Sedrine, W., Kanis, J.A., Ramaekers, B., Reginster, J.Y., Silverman, S., Wyers, C.E., Boonen, A., A systematic review of cost effectiveness analyses of drugs for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Pharmacoeconomics 33 (2015), 205–224.
[65] Boonen, S., Black, D.M., Colón-Emeric, C.S., Eastell, R., Magaziner, J.S., Eriksen, E.F., et al. Efficacy and safety of a once-yearly intravenous zoledronic acid 5 mg for fracture prevention in elderly postmenopausal women with osteoporosis aged 75 and older. J Am Geriatr Soc 58 (2010), 292–299.
[66] Boonen, S., McClung, M.R., Eastell, R., El-Hajj Fuleihan, G., Barton, I.P., Delmas, P., Safety and efficacy of risedronate in reducing fracture risk in osteoporotic women aged 80 and older: implications for the use of antiresorptive agents in the old and oldest old. J Am Geriatr Soc 52 (2004), 1832–1839.
[67] Boonen, S., Marin, F., Mellstrom, D., Xie, L., Desaiah, D., Krege, J.H., Rosen, C.J., Safety and efficacy of teriparatide in elderly women with established osteoporosis: bone anabolic therapy from a geriatric perspective. J Am Geriatr Soc 54 (2006), 782–789.
[68] Hochberg, M.C., Thompson, D.E., Black, D.M., Quandt, S.A., Cauley, J., Geusens, P., et al. Effect of alendronate on the age-specific incidence of symptomatic osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res 20 (2005), 971–976.
[69] Eastell, R., Black, D.M., Boonen, S., Adami, S., Felsenberg, D., Lippuner, K., et al. Effect of once yearly zoledronic acid five milligrams on fracture risk and change in femoral neck bone mineral density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94 (2009), 3215–3225.
[70] Reginster, J.Y., Seeman, E., De Vernejoul, M.C., Adami, S., Compston, J., Phenekos, C., et al. Strontium ranelate reduces the risk of nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: treatment of peripheral osteoporosis (TROPOS) study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90 (2005), 2816–2822.
[71] Boonen, S., Adachi, J.D., Man, Z., Cummings, S.R., Lippuner, K., Törring, O., et al. Treatment with denosumab reduces the incidence of new vertebral and hip fractures in postmenopausal women at high risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96 (2011), 1727–1736.
[72] Rolland, Y., Abellan Van Kan, G., Gillette-Guyonnet, S., Roux, C., Boonen, S., Vellas, B., Strontium ranelate and risk of vertebral fractures in frail osteoporotic women. Bone 48 (2011), 332–338.
[73] Greenspan, S.L., Perera, S., Ferchak, M.A., Nace, D.A., Resnick, N.M., Efficacy and safety of single-dose zoledronic acid for osteoporosis in frail elderly women: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 175 (2015), 913–921.
[74] National Osteoporosis Foundation. Clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. 2014 http://nof.org/files/nof/public/content/file/2791/upload/919.pdf.
[75] Javaid, M.K., Kyer, C., Mitchell, P.J., Chana, J., Moss, C., Edwards, M.H., et al. Effective secondary fracture prevention: implementation of a global benchmarking of clinical quality using the IOF Capture the Fracture® Best Practice Framework tool. Osteoporos Int 26 (2015), 2573–2578.
[76] Solomon, D.H., Patrick, A.R., Schousboe, J., Losina, E., The potential economic benefits of improved post-fracture care: a costeffectiveness analysis of a fracture liaison service in the US health-care system. J Bone Miner Res 29 (2014), 1667–1747.
[77] Yong, J.H., Masucci, L., Hoch, J.S., Sujic, R., Beaton, D., Cost-effectiveness of a fracture liaison service-a real-world evaluation after 6 years of service provision. Osteoporos Int 27 (2016), 231–240.
[78] Majumdar, S.R., Kim, N., Colman, I., Chahal, A.M., Raymond, G., Jen, H., et al. Incidental vertebral fractures discovered with chest radiography in the emergency department: prevalence, recognition, and osteoporosis management in a cohort of elderly patients. Arch Intern Med 165 (2005), 905–909.