2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS).
Valgimigli, Marco; Bueno, Hector; Byrne, Robert A.et al.
2018 • In European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 53 (1), p. 34-78
Kolh, Philippe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Biochimie et physiologie générales, humaines et path.
2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS).
Population Division. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. United Nations. Revision of World Population Prospects. https://esa.un.org/ unpd/wpp/
Schomig A, Neumann FJ, Kastrati A, Schuhlen H, Blasini R, Hadamitzky M et al. A randomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after the placement of coronary-artery stents. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1084-1089
McFadden EP, Stabile E, Regar E, Cheneau E, Ong AT, Kinnaird T et al. Late thrombosis in drug-eluting coronary stents after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy. Lancet 2004;364:1519-1521
Valgimigli M, Costa F, Byrne R, Haude M, Baumbach A, Windecker S. Dual antiplatelet therapy duration after coronary stenting in clinical practice: results of an EAPCI survey. EuroIntervention 2015;11:68-74
Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M et al. the American Heart Association Statistics Committee; Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016;133:e38-e360
Bueno H, Fernandez-Aviles F. Use of risk scores in acute coronary syndromes. Heart 2012;98:162-168
Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ, McCabe CH, Horacek T, Papuchis G et al. The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI: A method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making. JAMA 2000;284:835-842
Boersma E, Pieper KS, Steyerberg EW, Wilcox RG, Chang WC, Lee KL et al. Predictors of outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation. Results from an international trial of 9461 patients. The PURSUIT Investigators. Circulation 2000;101:2557-2567
Fox KA, Dabbous OH, Goldberg RJ, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Van de Werf F et al. Prediction of risk of death and myocardial infarction in the six months after presentation with acute coronary syndrome: prospective multinational observational study (GRACE). BMJ 2006;333:1091
Subherwal S, Bach RG, Chen AY, Gage BF, Rao SV, Newby LK et al. Baseline risk of major bleeding in non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: the CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines) bleeding score. Circulation 2009;119:1873-1882
Mehran R, Pocock SJ, Nikolsky E, Clayton T, Dangas GD, Kirtane AJ et al. A risk score to predict bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:2556-2566
Mathews R, Peterson ED, Chen AY, Wang TY, Chin CT, Fonarow GC et al. In-hospital major bleeding during ST-elevation and non-STelevation myocardial infarction care: derivation and validation of a model from the ACTION Registry(R)-GWTG. Am J Cardiol 2011;107:1136-1143
Costa F, Tijssen JG, Ariotti S, Giatti S, Moscarella E, Guastaroba P et al. Incremental value of the CRUSADE ACUITY, and HAS-BLED risk scores for the prediction of hemorrhagic events after coronary stent implantation in patients undergoing long or short duration of dual antiplatelet therapy. J Am Heart Assoc 2015;4:e002524
Mahaffey KW, Yang Q, Pieper KS, Antman EM, White HD, Goodman SG et al. Synergy Trial Investigators. Prediction of one-year survival in highrisk patients with acute coronary syndromes: results from the SYNERGY trial. J Gen Intern Med 2008;23:310-316
Yeh RW, Secemsky EA, Kereiakes DJ, Normand SL, Gershlick AH, Cohen DJ et al. DAPT Study Investigators. Development and validation of a prediction rule for benefit and harm of dual antiplatelet therapy beyond 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA 2016;315: 1735-1749
Baber U, Mehran R, Giustino G, Cohen DJ, Henry TD, Sartori S et al. Coronary thrombosis and major bleeding after PCI with drug-eluting stents: risk scores from PARIS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;67:2224-2234
Mehran R, Baber U, Steg PG, Ariti C, Weisz G, Witzenbichler B et al. Cessation of dual antiplatelet treatment and cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PARIS): 2 year results from a prospective observational study. Lancet 2013;382:1714-1722
Costa F, van Klaveren D, James S, Heg D, Raber L, Feres F et al. Derivation and validation of the predicting bleeding complications in patients undergoing stent implantation and subsequent dual antiplatelet therapy (PRECISE-DAPT) score: a pooled analysis of individual-patient datasets from clinical trials. Lancet 2017;389:1025-1034
Koskinas KC, Raber L, Zanchin T, Wenaweser P, Stortecky S, Moschovitis A et al. Clinical impact of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2015;8(5):e002053
Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, Cannon CP, Emanuelsson H, Held C et al. PLATO Investigators. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1045-1057
Bertrand ME, Rupprecht HJ, Urban P, Gershlick AH, CLASSICS Investigators. Double-blind study of the safety of clopidogrel with and without a loading dose in combination with aspirin compared with ticlopidine in combination with aspirin after coronary stenting: the clopidogrel aspirin stent international cooperative study (CLASSICS). Circulation 2000;102:624-629
Campo G, Valgimigli M, Gemmati D, Percoco G, Catozzi L, Frangione A et al. Poor responsiveness to clopidogrel: drug-specific or class-effect mechanism? Evidence from a clopidogrel-to-ticlopidine crossover study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:1132-1137
Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Montalescot G, Ruzyllo W, Gottlieb S et al. TRITON-TIMI 38 Investigators. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2001-2015
Roe MT, Armstrong PW, Fox KA, White HD, Prabhakaran D, Goodman SG et al.; TRILOGY ACS Investigators TA. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel for acute coronary syndromes without revascularization. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1297-1309
Montalescot G, Bolognese L, Dudek D, Goldstein P, Hamm C, Tanguay JF et al. Pretreatment with prasugrel in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2013;369:999-1010
Mauri L, Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, Driscoll-Shempp P, Cutlip DE, Steg PG et al. DAPT Study Investigators. Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med 2014;371:2155-2166
Garratt KN, Weaver WD, Jenkins RG, Pow TK, Mauri L, Kereiakes DJ et al. Prasugrel plus aspirin beyond 12 months is associated with improved outcomes after TAXUS Liberte paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent placement. Circulation 2015;131:62-73
Montalescot G, van 't Hof AW, Lapostolle F, Silvain J, Lassen JF, Bolognese L et al. Prehospital ticagrelor in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2014;371:1016-1027
Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Cohen M, Steg PG, Storey RF, Jensen EC et al. PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Steering Committee and Investigators. Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1791-1800
Armstrong PW, Gershlick AH, Goldstein P, Wilcox R, Danays T, Lambert Y et al.; STREAM Investigative Team. Fibrinolysis or primary PCI in STsegment elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2013;368: 1379-1387
Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, Lopez-Sendon JL, Montalescot G, Theroux P et al. CLARITY-TIMI 28 Investigators. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with STsegment elevation. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1179-1189
Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP, Xie JX, Pan HC, Peto R et al. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366:1607-1621
Montalescot G, Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Gibson CM, McCabe CH et al. Prasugrel compared with clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (TRITON-TIMI 38): double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009;373:723-731
Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet JP, Mueller C, Valgimigli M, Andreotti F et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2016;37:267-315
Valgimigli M. Pretreatment with P2Y12 inhibitors in non-ST-segmentelevation acute coronary syndrome is clinically justified. Circulation 2014;130:1891-1903; discussion 1903
Collet JP, Silvain J, Bellemain-Appaix A, Montalescot G. Pretreatment with P2Y12 inhibitors in non-ST-Segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome: an outdated and harmful strategy. Circulation 2014;130:1904-1914; discussion 1914
Rollini F, Franchi F, Angiolillo DJ. Switching P2Y12-receptor inhibitors in patients with coronary artery disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016;13:11-27
Bellemain-Appaix A, O'Connor SA, Silvain J, Cucherat M, Beygui F, Barthelemy O et al.; ACTION Group. Association of clopidogrel pretreatment with mortality cardiovascular events, and major bleeding among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2012;308:2507-2516
Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT III, Fry ET, DeLago A, Wilmer C Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:2411-2420
Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, Tognoni G, Fox KK Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001;345:494-502
Steg PG, Huber K, Andreotti F, Arnesen H, Atar D, Badimon L et al. Bleeding in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary interventions: position paper by the Working Group on Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2011;32:1854-1864
Valgimigli M, Costa F, Lokhnygina Y, Clare R, Wallentin L, Moliterno D et al. Trade-off of myocardial infarction vs. bleeding types on mortality after acute coronary syndrome: lessons from the Thrombin Receptor Antagonist for Clinical Event Reduction in Acute Coronary Syndrome (TRACER) randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2017:38:804-810
Valgimigli M, Gagnor A, Calabro P, Frigoli E, Leonardi S, Zaro T et al.; MATRIX Investigators. Radial versus femoral access in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing invasive management: a randomised multicentre trial. Lancet 2015;385:2465-2476
Ferrante G, Rao SV, Juni P, Da Costa BR, Reimers B, Condorelli G et al. Radial versus femoral access for coronary interventions across the entire spectrum of patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016;9:1419-1434
Antithrombotic Trialists Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002;324:71-86
Lorenz RL, Schacky CV, Weber M, Meister W, Kotzur J, Reichardt B et al. Improved aortocoronary bypass patency by low-dose aspirin (100 mg daily). Effects on platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation. Lancet 1984;1:1261-1264
Peters RJ, Mehta SR, Fox KA, Zhao F, Lewis BS, Kopecky SL et al. Effects of aspirin dose when used alone or in combination with clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes: observations from the Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events (CURE) study. Circulation 2003;108:1682-1687
Serebruany VL, Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Malinin AI, Baggish JS, Bhatt DL Analysis of risk of bleeding complications after different doses of aspirin in 192036 patients enrolled in 31 randomized controlled trials. Am J Cardiol 2005;95:1218-1222
Jolly SS, Pogue J, Haladyn K, Peters RJ, Fox KA, Avezum A et al. Effects of aspirin dose on ischaemic events and bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the PCI-CURE study. Eur Heart J 2009;30:900-907
Xian Y, Wang TY, McCoy LA, Effron MB, Henry TD, Bach RG et al. Association of discharge aspirin dose with outcomes after acute myocardial infarction: insights from the Treatment with ADP Receptor Inhibitors: Longitudinal Assessment of Treatment Patterns and Events after Acute Coronary Syndrome (TRANSLATE-ACS) Study. Circulation 2015;132:174-181
Steinhubl SR, Bhatt DL, Brennan DM, Montalescot G, Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW et al. CHARISMA Investigators. Aspirin to prevent cardiovascular disease: the association of aspirin dose and clopidogrel with thrombosis and bleeding. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:379-386
Mehta SR, Tanguay JF, Eikelboom JW, Jolly SS, Joyner CD, Granger CB et al. Double-dose versus standard-dose clopidogrel and high-dose versus low-dose aspirin in individuals undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes (CURRENT-OASIS 7): a randomised factorial trial. Lancet 2010;376:1233-1243
Montalescot G, Drobinski G, Maclouf J, Maillet F, Salloum J, Ankri A et al. Evaluation of thromboxane production and complement activation during myocardial ischemia in patients with angina pectoris. Circulation 1991;84:2054-2062
Patrono C, Ciabattoni G, Patrignani P, Pugliese F, Filabozzi P, Catella F et al. Clinical pharmacology of platelet cyclooxygenase inhibition. Circulation 1985;72:1177-1184
Mahaffey KW, Wojdyla DM, Carroll K, Becker RC, Storey RF, Angiolillo DJ et al. Ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel by geographic region in the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Circulation 2011;124:544-554
Aradi D, Kirtane A, Bonello L, Gurbel PA, Tantry US, Huber K et al. Bleeding and stent thrombosis on P2Y12-inhibitors: collaborative analysis on the role of platelet reactivity for risk stratification after percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2015;36:1762-1771
Bonello L, Tantry US, Marcucci R, Blindt R, Angiolillo DJ, Becker R et al. the Working Group on High On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity. Consensus and future directions on the definition of high on-treatment platelet reactivity to adenosine diphosphate. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:919-933
Collet JP, Cuisset T, Range G, Cayla G, Elhadad S, Pouillot C et al. Bedside monitoring to adjust antiplatelet therapy for coronary stenting. N Engl J Med 2012;367:2100-2109
Trenk D, Stone GW, Gawaz M, Kastrati A, Angiolillo DJ, Muller U et al. A randomized trial of prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with high platelet reactivity on clopidogrel after elective percutaneous coronary intervention with implantation of drug-eluting stents: results of the TRIGGER-PCI (Testing Platelet Reactivity In Patients Undergoing Elective Stent Placement on Clopidogrel to Guide Alternative Therapy With Prasugrel) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:2159-2164
Price MJ, Berger PB, Teirstein PS, Tanguay JF, Angiolillo DJ, Spriggs D et al. GRAVITAS Investigators. Standard-vs high-dose clopidogrel based on platelet function testing after percutaneous coronary intervention: the GRAVITAS randomized trial. JAMA for 2011;305:1097-1105
Montalescot G, Vicaut E, Collet JP. Bedside monitoring of antiplatelet therapy for coronary stenting. N Engl J Med 2013;368:871-872
Lim GB. Antiplatelet therapy. ARCTIC leaves platelet testing out in the cold. Nat Rev Cardiol 2013;10:2
De Miguel Castro A, Nieto AD, Perez de Prado A. Letter by De Miguel Castro et al regarding article, "Platelet reactivity and cardiovascular outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: a time-dependent analysis of the gauging responsiveness with a VerifyNow P2Y12 assay: impact on Thrombosis and Safety (GRAVITAS) trial". Circulation 2012;125:e570; author reply e571-572
Cayla G, Cuisset T, Silvain J, Leclercq F, Manzo-Silberman S, Saint-Etienne C et al. Platelet function monitoring to adjust antiplatelet therapy in elderly patients stented for an acute coronary syndrome (ANTARCTIC): an open-label blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled superiority trial. Lancet 2016;388:2015-2022
Mega JL, Simon T, Collet JP, Anderson JL, Antman EM, Bliden K et al. Reduced-function CYP2C19 genotype and risk of adverse clinical outcomes among patients treated with clopidogrel predominantly for PCI: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2010;304:1821-1830
Collet JP, Kerneis M, Hulot JS, O'Connor SA, Silvain J, Mansencal N et al. Point-of-care genetic profiling and/or platelet function testing in acute coronary syndrome. Thromb Haemost 2016;115:382-391
Roberts JD, Wells GA, Le May MR, Labinaz M, Glover C, Froeschl M et al. Point-of-care genetic testing for personalisation of antiplatelet treatment (RAPID GENE): a prospective randomised, proof-of-concept trial. Lancet 2012;379:1705-1711
Shuldiner AR, O'Connell JR, Bliden KP, Gandhi A, Ryan K, Horenstein RB et al. Association of cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype with the antiplatelet effect and clinical efficacy of clopidogrel therapy. JAMA 2009; 302:849-857
Hochholzer W, Trenk D, Fromm MF, Valina CM, Stratz C, Bestehorn HP et al. Impact of cytochrome P450 2C19 loss-of-function polymorphism and of major demographic characteristics on residual platelet function after loading and maintenance treatment with clopidogrel in patients undergoing elective coronary stent placement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55:2427-2434
Agewall S, Cattaneo M, Collet JP, Andreotti F, Lip GY, Verheugt FW et al. Expert position paper on the use of proton pump inhibitors in patients with cardiovascular disease and antithrombotic therapy. Eur Heart J 2013;34:1708-1713 1713a-1713b
Lai KC, Lam SK, Chu KM, Wong BC, Hui WM, Hu WH et al. Lansoprazole for the prevention of recurrences of ulcer complications from long-term low-dose aspirin use. N Engl J Med 2002;346: 2033-2038
Taha AS, McCloskey C, Prasad R, Bezlyak V. Famotidine for the prevention of peptic ulcers and oesophagitis in patients taking low-dose aspirin (FAMOUS): a phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2009;374:119-125
Small DS, Farid NA, Payne CD, Weerakkody GJ, Li YG, Brandt JT et al. Effects of the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prasugrel and clopidogrel. J Clin Pharmacol 2008;48:475-484
Sibbing D, Morath T, Stegherr J, Braun S, Vogt W, Hadamitzky M et al. Impact of proton pump inhibitors on the antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel. Thromb Haemost 2009;101:714-719
Gilard M, Arnaud B, Cornily JC, Le Gal G, Lacut K, Le Calvez G et al. Influence of omeprazole on the antiplatelet action of clopidogrel associated with aspirin: the randomized double-blind OCLA (Omeprazole CLopidogrel Aspirin) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:256-260
O'Donoghue ML, Braunwald E, Antman EM, Murphy SA, Bates ER, Rozenman Y et al. Pharmacodynamic effect and clinical efficacy of clopidogrel and prasugrel with or without a proton-pump inhibitor: an analysis of two randomised trials. Lancet 2009;374:989-997
Norgard NB, Mathews KD, Wall GC. Drug-drug interaction between clopidogrel and the proton pump inhibitors. Ann Pharmacother 2009; 43:1266-1274
Shah NH, LePendu P, Bauer-Mehren A, Ghebremariam YT, Iyer SV, Marcus J et al. Proton pump inhibitor usage and the risk of myocardial infarction in the general population. PLoS One 2015;10:e0124653
Bhatt DL, Cryer BL, Contant CF, Cohen M, Lanas A, Schnitzer TJ et al. Clopidogrel with or without omeprazole in coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1909-1917
Gargiulo G, Costa F, Ariotti S, Biscaglia S, Campo G, Esposito G et al. Impact of proton pump inhibitors on clinical outcomes in patients treated with a 6-or 24-month dual-antiplatelet therapy duration: Insights from the PROlonging Dual-antiplatelet treatment after Grading stent-induced Intimal hyperplasia studY trial. Am Heart J 2016;174: 95-102
Goodman SG, Clare R, Pieper KS, Nicolau JC, Storey RF, Cantor WJ et al.; Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes Trial Investigators. Association of proton pump inhibitor use on cardiovascular outcomes with clopidogrel and ticagrelor: insights from the platelet inhibition and patient outcomes trial. Circulation 2012;125:978-986
Becker RC, Bassand JP, Budaj A, Wojdyla DM, James SK, Cornel JH et al. Bleeding complications with the P2Y12 receptor antagonists clopidogrel and ticagrelor in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Eur Heart J 2011;32:2933-2944
de la Coba Ortiz C, Arguelles Arias F, Martin de Argila de Prados C, Judez Gutierrez J, Linares Rodriguez A, Ortega Alonso A et al. Protonpump inhibitors adverse effects: a review of the evidence and position statement by the Sociedad Espanola de Patologia Digestiva. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2016;108:207-224
Kerneis M, Silvain J, Abtan J, Cayla G, O'Connor SA, Barthelemy O et al. Switching acute coronary syndrome patients from prasugrel to clopidogrel. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2013;6:158-165
Stone GW, Witzenbichler B, Weisz G, Rinaldi MJ, Neumann FJ, Metzger DC et al. ADAPT-DES Investigators. Platelet reactivity and clinical outcomes after coronary artery implantation of drug-eluting stents (ADAPT-DES): a prospective multicentre registry study. Lancet 2013;382: 614-623
Fortuna LA, Pawloski PA, Parker ED, Trower NK, Kottke TE. Proton pump inhibitor use by aspirin-treated coronary artery disease patients is not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2016;2:13-19
Cannon CP, Harrington RA, James S, Ardissino D, Becker RC, Emanuelsson H et al.; PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes Investigators. Comparison of ticagrelor with clopidogrel in patients with a planned invasive strategy for acute coronary syndromes (PLATO): a randomised double-blind study. Lancet 2010;375:283-293
Bagai A, Peterson ED, Honeycutt E, Effron MB, Cohen DJ, Goodman SG et al. In-hospital switching between adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitors in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights into contemporary practice from the TRANSLATE-ACS study. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2015;4:499-508
Clemmensen P, Grieco N, Ince H, Danchin N, Goedicke J, Ramos Y et al. MULTInational non-interventional study of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with PRimary Angioplasty and Concomitant use of upstream antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel or clopidogrel-the European MULTIPRAC Registry. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2015;4:220-229
Alexopoulos D, Xanthopoulou I, Deftereos S, Sitafidis G, Kanakakis I, Hamilos M et al. In-hospital switching of oral P2Y12 inhibitor treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: prevalence predictors and short-term outcome. Am Heart J 2014;167:68-76 e2
Franchi F, Faz GT, Rollini F, Park Y, Cho JR, Thano E et al. Pharmacodynamic effects of switching from prasugrel to ticagrelor: results of the prospective randomized SWAP-3 study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016;9:1089-1098
Angiolillo DJ, Curzen N, Gurbel P, Vaitkus P, Lipkin F, Li W et al. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of switching from ticagrelor to prasugrel in patients with stable coronary artery disease: results of the SWAP-2 study (Switching Anti Platelet-2). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:1500-1509
Angiolillo DJ, Saucedo JF, Deraad R, Frelinger AL, Gurbel PA, Costigan TM et al. SWAP Investigators. Increased platelet inhibition after switching from maintenance clopidogrel to prasugrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes: results of the SWAP (SWitching Anti Platelet) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:1017-1023
Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W, Berger PB, Black HR, Boden WE et al. CHARISMA Investigators. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1706-1717
Bertrand ME, Legrand V, Boland J, Fleck E, Bonnier J, Emmanuelson H et al. Randomized multicenter comparison of conventional anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy in unplanned and elective coronary stenting. Circulation 1998;98:1597-1603
Urban P, Macaya C, Rupprecht HJ, Kiemeneij F, Emanuelsson H, Fontanelli A et al. Randomized evaluation of anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy after coronary stent implantation in high-risk patients: the multicenter aspirin and ticlopidine trial after intracoronary stenting (MATTIS). Circulation 1998;98:2126-2132
Yeh RW, Kereiakes DJ, Steg PG, Windecker S, Rinaldi MJ, Gershlick AH et al. DAPT Study Investigators. Benefits and risks of extended duration dual antiplatelet therapy after PCI in patients with and without acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:2211-2221
Costa F, Vranckx P, Leonardi S, Moscarella E, Ando G, Calabro P et al. Impact of clinical presentation on ischaemic and bleeding outcomes in patients receiving 6-or 24-month duration of dual-antiplatelet therapy after stent implantation: a pre-specified analysis from the PRODIGY (Prolonging Dual-Antiplatelet Treatment After Grading Stent-Induced Intimal Hyperplasia) trial. Eur Heart J 2015;36:1242-1251
Gwon HC, Hahn JY, Park KW, Song YB, Chae IH, Lim DS et al. Six-month versus 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drugeluting stents: the Efficacy of Xience/Promus Versus Cypher to Reduce Late Loss After Stenting (EXCELLENT) randomized multicenter study. Circulation 2012;125:505-513
Valgimigli M, Campo G, Monti M, Vranckx P, Percoco G, Tumscitz C et al. Short-versus long-term duration of dual-antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting: a randomized multicenter trial. Circulation 2012; 125:2015-2026
Gilard M, Barragan P, Noryani AA, Noor HA, Majwal T, Hovasse T et al. 6-versus 24-month dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drugeluting stents in patients nonresistant to aspirin: the randomized multicenter ITALIC trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:777-786
Colombo A, Chieffo A, Frasheri A, Garbo R, Masotti-Centol M, Salvatella N et al. Second-generation drug-eluting stent implantation followed by 6-versus 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy: the SECURITY randomized clinical trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:2086-2097
Schulz-Schupke S, Byrne RA, Ten Berg JM, Neumann FJ, Han Y, Adriaenssens T et al. ISAR-SAFE: a randomized double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of 6 vs. 12 months of clopidogrel therapy after drugeluting stenting. Eur Heart J 2015;36:1252-1263
Kim BK, Hong MK, Shin DH, Nam CM, Kim JS, Ko YG et al. A new strategy for discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy: the RESET Trial (REal Safety and Efficacy of 3-month dual antiplatelet Therapy following Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stent implantation). J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:1340-1348
Feres F, Costa RA, Abizaid A, Leon MB, Marin-Neto JA, Botelho RV et al. OPTIMIZE Trial investigators. Three vs twelve months of dual antiplatelet therapy after zotarolimus-eluting stents: the OPTIMIZE randomized trial. JAMA 2013;310:2510-2522
Palmerini T, Benedetto U, Bacchi-Reggiani L, Della Riva D, Biondi-Zoccai G, Feres F et al. Mortality in patients treated with extended duration dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation: a pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2015;385:2371-2382
Navarese EP, Andreotti F, Schulze V, Kolodziejczak M, Buffon A, Brouwer M et al. Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug eluting stents: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2015;350:h1618
Giustino G, Baber U, Sartori S, Mehran R, Mastoris I, Kini AS et al. Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:1298-1310
Mauri L, Yeh RW, Kereiakes DJ. Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1373-1374
Lee CW, Ahn JM, Park DW, Kang SJ, Lee SW, Kim YH et al. Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation: a randomized controlled trial. Circulation 2014;129:304-312
Collet JP, Silvain J, Barthelemy O, Range G, Cayla G, Van Belle E et al. Dual-antiplatelet treatment beyond 1 year after drug-eluting stent implantation (ARCTIC-Interruption): a randomised trial. Lancet 2014; 384:1577-1585
Bittl JA, Baber U, Bradley SM, Wijeysundera DN. Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy: a systematic review for the 2016 ACC/AHA Guideline Focused Update on Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;68:1116-1139
Valgimigli M, Borghesi M, Tebaldi M, Vranckx P, Parrinello G, Ferrari R. Should duration of dual antiplatelet therapy depend on the type and/or potency of implanted stent? A pre-specified analysis from the PROlonging Dual antiplatelet treatment after Grading stent-induced Intimal hyperplasia studY (PRODIGY). Eur Heart J 2013;34:909-919
Hermiller JB, Krucoff MW, Kereiakes DJ, Windecker S, Steg PG, Yeh RW et al. DAPT Study Investigators. Benefits and risks of extended dual antiplatelet therapy after everolimus-eluting stents. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016;9:138-147
Sharma A, Sharma SK, Vallakati A, Garg A, Lavie CJ, Mukherjee D Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after various drug-eluting stent implantation. Int J Cardiol 2016;215:157-166
Palmerini T, Stone GW. Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation: conceptual evolution based on emerging evidence. Eur Heart J 2016;37:353-364
Ellis SG, Kereiakes DJ, Metzger DC, Caputo RP, Rizik DG, Teirstein PS et al. ABSORB III Investigators. Everolimus-eluting bioresorbable scaffolds for coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2015;373:1905-1915
Cassese S, Byrne RA, Ndrepepa G, Kufner S, Wiebe J, Repp J et al. Everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds versus everolimuseluting metallic stents: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet 2016;387:537-544
Serruys PW, Chevalier B, Sotomi Y, Cequier A, Carrie D, Piek JJ et al. Comparison of an everolimus-eluting bioresorbable scaffold with an everolimus-eluting metallic stent for the treatment of coronary artery stenosis (ABSORB II): a 3 year randomised, controlled, single-blind, multicentre clinical trial. Lancet 2016;388:2479-2491
Raber L, Brugaletta S, Yamaji K, O'Sullivan CJ, Otsuki S, Koppara T et al. Very late scaffold thrombosis: intracoronary imaging and histopathological and spectroscopic findings. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:1901-1914
Alfonso F, Perez-Vizcayno MJ, Cardenas A, Garcia del Blanco B, Garcia-Touchard A, Lopez-Minguez JR et al. A prospective randomized trial of drug-eluting balloons versus everolimus-eluting stents in patients with in-stent restenosis of drug-eluting stents: the RIBS IV randomized clinical trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:23-33
Xu B, Gao R, Wang J, Yang Y, Chen S, Liu B et al. A prospective multicenter, randomized trial of paclitaxel-coated balloon versus paclitaxel-eluting stent for the treatment of drug-eluting stent in-stent restenosis: results from the PEPCAD China ISR trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014;7:204-211
Byrne RA, Neumann FJ, Mehilli J, Pinieck S, Wolff B, Tiroch K et al. Paclitaxel-eluting balloons paclitaxel-eluting stents, and balloon angioplasty in patients with restenosis after implantation of a drugeluting stent (ISAR-DESIRE 3): a randomised, open-label trial. Lancet 2013;381:461-467
Wöhrle J, Zadura M, Mobius-Winkler S, Leschke M, Opitz C, Ahmed W et al. SeQuent Please World Wide Registry: clinical results of SeQuent Please paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty in a large-scale prospective registry study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;18:1733-1738
Han Y, Xu B, Xu K, Guan C, Jing Q, Zheng Q et al. Six versus 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent: randomized substudy of the I-LOVE-IT 2 trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2016;9:e003145
Hong SJ, Shin DH, Kim JS, Kim BK, Ko YG, Choi D et al. 6-month versus 12-month dual-antiplatelet therapy following long everolimus-eluting stent implantation: the IVUS-XPL randomized clinical trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016;9:1438-1446
Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, Massaro JM, Driscoll-Shempp P, Cutlip DE, Steg PG et al. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) Study Investigators. Antiplatelet therapy duration following bare metal or drug-eluting coronary stents: the dual antiplatelet therapy randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015;313:1113-1121
Urban P, Meredith IT, Abizaid A, Pocock SJ, Carrie D, Naber C et al. LEADERS FREE Investigators. Polymer-free drug-coated coronary stents in patients at high bleeding risk. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2038-2047
Valgimigli M, Patialiakas A, Thury A, McFadden E, Colangelo S, Campo G et al. ZEUS Investigators. Zotarolimus-eluting versus bare-metal stents in uncertain drug-eluting stent candidates. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:805-815
Valgimigli M, Sabate M, Kaiser C, Brugaletta S, de la Torre Hernandez JM, Galatius S et al. Effects of cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents or bare metal stent on fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: patient level meta-analysis. BMJ 2014;349:g6427
Bonaa KH, Mannsverk J, Wiseth R, Aaberge L, Myreng Y, Nygard O et al. Norstent Investigators. Drug-eluting or bare-metal stents for coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2016;375:1242-1252
Alfonso F, Perez-Vizcayno MJ, Cardenas A, Garcia Del Blanco B, Seidelberger B, Iniguez A et al. A randomized comparison of drugeluting balloon versus everolimus-eluting stent in patients with baremetal stent-in-stent restenosis: the RIBS V Clinical Trial (Restenosis Intra-stent of Bare Metal Stents: paclitaxel-eluting balloon vs. everolimus-eluting stent). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:1378-1386
Byrne RA, Serruys PW, Baumbach A, Escaned J, Fajadet J, James S et al. Report of a European Society of Cardiology-European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions task force on the evaluation of coronary stents in Europe: executive summary. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:2608-2620
Bhatt DL, Flather MD, Hacke W, Berger PB, Black HR, Boden WE et al. CHARISMA Investigators. Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:1982-1988
Wiviott SD, White HD, Ohman EM, Fox KA, Armstrong PW, Prabhakaran D et al. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel for patients with unstable angina or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with or without angiography: a secondary prespecified analysis of the TRILOGY ACS trial. Lancet 2013;382:605-613
Scirica BM, Bonaca MP, Braunwald E, De Ferrari GM, Isaza D, Lewis BS et al. TRA 2P-TIMI 50 Steering Committee Investigators. Vorapaxar for secondary prevention of thrombotic events for patients with previous myocardial infarction: a prespecified subgroup analysis of the TRA 2PTIMI 50 trial. Lancet 2012;380:1317-1324
Ndrepepa G, Berger PB, Mehilli J, Seyfarth M, Neumann FJ, Schomig A Periprocedural bleeding and 1-year outcome after percutaneous coronary interventions: appropriateness of including bleeding as a component of a quadruple end point. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:690-697
Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Storey RF, Cohen M, Im K et al. Ischaemic risk and efficacy of ticagrelor in relation to time from P2Y12 inhibitor withdrawal in patients with prior myocardial infarction: insights from PEGASUS-TIMI 54. Eur Heart J 2016;37:1133-1142
Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Storey RF, Steg PG, Cohen M, Kuder J et al. Ticagrelor for prevention of ischemic events after myocardial infarction in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67:2719-2728
Udell JA, Bonaca MP, Collet JP, Lincoff AM, Kereiakes DJ, Costa F et al. Long-term dual antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in the subgroup of patients with previous myocardial infarction: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Heart J 2016;37:390-399
Costa F, Adamo M, Ariotti S, Navarese EP, Biondi-Zoccai G, Valgimigli M. Impact of greater than 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy duration on mortality: drug-specific or a class-effect? A meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2015;201:179-181
Palmerini T, Della Riva D, Benedetto U, Reggiani LB, Feres F, Abizaid A et al. Three six or twelve months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drugeluting stent implantation in patients with or without acute coronary syndromes: an individual patient data pairwise and network metaanalysis of six randomized trials and 11 473 patients. Eur Heart J 2017; 38:1034-1043
Magnani G, Storey RF, Steg G, Bhatt DL, Cohen M, Kuder J et al. Efficacy and safety of ticagrelor for long-term secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events in relation to renal function: insights from the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 trial. Eur Heart J 2016;37:400-408
Bhatt DL, Bonaca MP, Bansilal S, Angiolillo DJ, Cohen M, Storey RF et al. Reduction in ischemic events with ticagrelor in diabetic patients with prior myocardial infarction in PEGASUS-TIMI 54. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;67:2732-2740
Vranckx P, Valgimigli M, Windecker S, Steg PG, Hamm C, Juni P et al. Long-term ticagrelor monotherapy versus standard dual antiplatelet therapy followed by aspirin monotherapy in patients undergoing biolimus-eluting stent implantation: rationale and design of the GLOBAL LEADERS trial. EuroIntervention 2015;12:1239-1245
Fox KA, Mehta SR, Peters R, Zhao F, Lakkis N, Gersh BJ Benefits and risks of the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin in patients undergoing surgical revascularization for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: the Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent ischemic Events (CURE) Trial. Circulation 2004;110:1202-1208
Verma S, Goodman SG, Mehta SR, Latter DA, Ruel M, Gupta M et al. Should dual antiplatelet therapy be used in patients following coronary artery bypass surgery? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Surg 2015;15:112
Deo SV, Dunlay SM, Shah IK, Altarabsheh SE, Erwin PJ, Boilson BA et al. Dual anti-platelet therapy after coronary artery bypass grafting: is there any benefit? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Card Surg 2013; 28:109-116
Held C, Asenblad N, Bassand JP, Becker RC, Cannon CP, Claeys MJ et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: results from the PLATO (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57:672-684
Smith PK, Goodnough LT, Levy JH, Poston RS, Short MA, Weerakkody GJ Mortality benefit with prasugrel in the TRITON-TIMI 38 coronary artery bypass grafting cohort: risk-adjusted retrospective data analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:388-396
Hansson EC, Jideus L, Aberg B, Bjursten H, Dreifaldt M, Holmgren A et al. Coronary artery bypass grafting-related bleeding complications in patients treated with ticagrelor or clopidogrel: a nationwide study. Eur Heart J 2016;37:189-197
Tomsic A, Schotborgh MA, Manshanden JS, Li WW, de Mol BA. Coronary artery bypass grafting-related bleeding complications in patients treated with dual antiplatelet treatment. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016;50:849-856
Pickard AS, Becker RC, Schumock GT, Frye CB. Clopidogrel-associated bleeding and related complications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28:376-392
Purkayastha S, Athanasiou T, Malinovski V, Tekkis P, Foale R, Casula R et al. Does clopidogrel affect outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting? A meta-analysis. Heart 2006;92:531-532
Windecker S, Kolh P, Alfonso F, Collet JP, Cremer J, Falk V et al. 2014 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization: The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur Heart J 2014;35:2541-2619
Ferraris VA, Saha SP, Oestreich JH, Song HK, Rosengart T, Reece TB et al. Society of Thoracic Surgeons. 2012 update to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons guideline on use of antiplatelet drugs in patients having cardiac and noncardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;94:1761-1781
Wallentin L. P2Y(12) inhibitors: differences in properties and mechanisms of action and potential consequences for clinical use. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:1964-1977
Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Butler K, Tantry US, Gesheff T, Wei C et al. Randomized double-blind assessment of the ONSET and OFFSET of the antiplatelet effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with stable coronary artery disease: the ONSET/OFFSET study. Circulation 2009; 120:2577-2585
Gherli R, Mariscalco G, Dalen M, Onorati F, Perrotti A, Chocron S et al. Safety of preoperative use of ticagrelor with or without aspirin compared with aspirin alone in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. JAMA Cardiol 2016;1:921-928
Steg PG, James SK, Atar D, Badano LP, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Borger MA et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2569-2619
Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC Endorsed by the European Stroke Organisation (ESO). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016;50:e1-e88
Hastings S, Myles P, McIlroy D. Aspirin and coronary artery surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth 2015;115:376-385
Myles PS, Smith JA, Forbes A, Silbert B, Jayarajah M, Painter T et al. Atacas Investigators of the ANZCA Clinical Trials Network. Stopping vs. continuing aspirin before coronary artery surgery. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:728-737
Dacey LJ, Munoz JJ, Johnson ER, Leavitt BJ, Maloney CT, Morton JR et al. the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group. Effect of preoperative aspirin use on mortality in coronary artery bypass grafting patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70:1986-1990
Hansson EC, Shams Hakimi C, Astrom-Olsson K, Hesse C, Wallen H, Dellborg M et al. Effects of ex vivo platelet supplementation on platelet aggregability in blood samples from patients treated with acetylsalicylic acid clopidogrel, or ticagrelor. Br J Anaesth 2014;112:570-575
Martin AC, Berndt C, Calmette L, Philip I, Decouture B, Gaussem P et al. The effectiveness of platelet supplementation for the reversal of ticagrelor-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation: an in-vitro study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2016;33:361-367
O'Connor SA, Amour J, Mercadier A, Martin R, Kerneis M, Abtan J et al.; ACTION Study Group. Efficacy of ex vivo autologous and in vivo platelet transfusion in the reversal of P2Y12 inhibition by clopidogrel prasugrel, and ticagrelor: the APTITUDE study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 8:e002786
Malm C, Hansson E, Akesson J, Andersson M, Hesse C, Shams Hakimi C Preoperative platelet function predicts perioperative bleeding complications in ticagrelor-treated cardiac surgery patients: a prospective observational study. Br J Anaesth 2016;117:309-315
Storey RF, Bliden KP, Ecob R, Karunakaran A, Butler K, Wei C et al. Earlier recovery of platelet function after discontinuation of treatment with ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel in patients with high antiplatelet responses. J Thromb Haemost 2011;9:1730-1737
Hansson EC, Malm CJ, Hesse C, Hornestam B, Dellborg M, Rexius H Platelet function recovery after ticagrelor withdrawal in patients awaiting urgent coronary surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016;51:633-637
Kwak YL, Kim JC, Choi YS, Yoo KJ, Song Y, Shim JK. Clopidogrel responsiveness regardless of the discontinuation date predicts increased blood loss and transfusion requirement after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:1994-2002
Ranucci M, Baryshnikova E, Soro G, Ballotta A, De Benedetti D, Conti D. Multiple electrode whole-blood aggregometry and bleeding in cardiac surgery patients receiving thienopyridines. Ann Thorac Surg 2011;91:123-129
Ranucci M, Colella D, Baryshnikova E, Di Dedda U. Effect of preoperative P2Y12 and thrombin platelet receptor inhibition on bleeding after cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2014;113:970-976
Mahla E, Suarez TA, Bliden KP, Rehak P, Metzler H, Sequeira AJ et al. Platelet function measurement-based strategy to reduce bleeding and waiting time in clopidogrel-treated patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: the timing based on platelet function strategy to reduce clopidogrel-associated bleeding related to CABG (TARGETCABG) study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2012;5:261-269
Vries MJ, Bouman HJ, Olie RH, Veenstra LF, Zwaveling S, Verhezen PW et al. Determinants of agreement between proposed therapeutic windows of platelet function tests in vulnerable patients. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2017;3:11-17
Nocerino AG, Achenbach S, Taylor AJ. Meta-analysis of effect of single versus dual antiplatelet therapy on early patency of bypass conduits after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 2013;112:1576-1579
Mannacio VA, Di Tommaso L, Antignan A, De Amicis V, Vosa C. Aspirin plus clopidogrel for optimal platelet inhibition following off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: results from the CRYSSA (prevention of Coronary arteRY bypaSS occlusion After off-pump procedures) randomised study. Heart 2012;98:1710-1715
Morrow DA, Braunwald E, Bonaca MP, Ameriso SF, Dalby AJ, Fish MP et al. Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1404-1413
James SK, Roe MT, Cannon CP, Cornel JH, Horrow J, Husted S et al. PLATO Investigators. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes intended for non-invasive management: substudy from prospective randomised PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. BMJ 2011;342:d3527
Prami T, Khanfir H, Deleskog A, Hasvold P, Kyto V, Reissell E Clinical factors associated with initiation of and persistence with ADP receptorinhibiting oral antiplatelet treatment after acute coronary syndrome: a nationwide cohort study from Finland. BMJ Open 2016;6:e012604
Iannaccone M, Quadri G, Taha S, D'Ascenzo F, Montefusco A, Omede P et al. Prevalence and predictors of culprit plaque rupture at OCT in patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17:1128-1137
Sorensen R, Hansen ML, Abildstrom SZ, Hvelplund A, Andersson C, Jorgensen C et al. Risk of bleeding in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with different combinations of aspirin clopidogrel, and vitamin K antagonists in Denmark: a retrospective analysis of nationwide registry data. Lancet 2009;374:1967-1974
Hansen ML, Sorensen R, Clausen MT, Fog-Petersen ML, Raunso J, Gadsboll N et al. Risk of bleeding with single dual, or triple therapy with warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel in patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:1433-1441
Dans AL, Connolly SJ, Wallentin L, Yang S, Nakamya J, Brueckmann M et al. Concomitant use of antiplatelet therapy with dabigatran or warfarin in the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation 2013;127:634-640
Oldgren J, Budaj A, Granger CB, Khder Y, Roberts J, Siegbahn A et al. Dabigatran vs. placebo in patients with acute coronary syndromes on dual antiplatelet therapy: a randomized double-blind, phase II trial. Eur Heart J 2011;32:2781-2789
Lopes RD, Al-Khatib SM, Wallentin L, Yang H, Ansell J, Bahit MC et al. Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin according to patient risk of stroke and of bleeding in atrial fibrillation: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012;380:1749-1758
Barnes GD, Gu X, Haymart B, Kline-Rogers E, Almany S, Kozlowski J et al. The predictive ability of the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores for bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation: the MAQI(2) experience. Thromb Res 2014;134:294-299
Roldan V, Marin F, Manzano-Fernandez S, Gallego P, Vilchez JA, Valdes M et al. The HAS-BLED score has better prediction accuracy for major bleeding than CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc scores in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:2199-2204
Hijazi Z, Oldgren J, Lindback J, Alexander JH, Connolly SJ, Eikelboom JW et al. The novel biomarker-based ABC (age biomarkers, clinical history)-bleeding risk score for patients with atrial fibrillation: a derivation and validation study. Lancet 2016;387:2302-2311
Gibson CM, Mehran R, Bode C, Halperin J, Verheugt FW, Wildgoose P et al. Prevention of bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing PCI. N Engl J Med 2016;375:2423-2434
Sarafoff N, Martischnig A, Wealer J, Mayer K, Mehilli J, Sibbing D Triple therapy with aspirin prasugrel, and vitamin K antagonists in patients with drug-eluting stent implantation and an indication for oral anticoagulation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:2060-2066
Dewilde WJ, Oirbans T, Verheugt FW, Kelder JC, De Smet BJ, Herrman JP et al. WOEST Study Investigators. Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2013;381:1107-1115
Gibson CM, Pinto DS, Chi G, Arbetter D, Yee M, Mehran R et al. Recurrent hospitalization among patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing intracoronary stenting treated with 2 treatment strategies of rivaroxaban or a dose-adjusted oral vitamin K antagonist treatment strategy. Circulation 2017;135:323-333
Fiedler KA, Maeng M, Mehilli J, Schulz-Schupke S, Byrne RA, Sibbing D et al. Duration of triple therapy in patients requiring oral anticoagulation after drug-eluting stent implantation: the ISAR-TRIPLE trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:1619-1629
Lamberts M, Olesen JB, Ruwald MH, Hansen CM, Karasoy D, Kristensen SL et al. Bleeding after initiation of multiple antithrombotic drugs including triple therapy, in atrial fibrillation patients following myocardial infarction and coronary intervention: a nationwide cohort study. Circulation 2012;126:1185-1193
Lamberts M, Gislason GH, Olesen JB, Kristensen SL, Schjerning Olsen AM, Mikkelsen A et al. Oral anticoagulation and antiplatelets in atrial fibrillation patients after myocardial infarction and coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:981-989
Lamberts M, Gislason GH, Lip GY, Lassen JF, Olesen JB, Mikkelsen AP et al. Antiplatelet therapy for stable coronary artery disease in atrial fibrillation patients taking an oral anticoagulant: a nationwide cohort study. Circulation 2014;129:1577-1585
Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A et al.; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1139-1151
Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, Hacke W et al. for the ROCKET-AF Study Investigators. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011;365:883-891
Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, Hanna M et al.; ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011;365:981-992
Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Halperin JL et al. for the ENGAGE-AF-TIMI 48 Study Investigators. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:2093-2104
Hawn MT, Graham LA, Richman JS, Itani KM, Henderson WG, Maddox TM. Risk of major adverse cardiac events following noncardiac surgery in patients with coronary stents. JAMA 2013;310:1462-1472
Ariotti S, Adamo M, Costa F, Patialiakas A, Briguori C, Thury A et al. ZEUS Investigators. Is bare-metal stent implantation still justifiable in high bleeding risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention?: A pre-specified analysis from the ZEUS trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016;9:426-436
Kristensen SD, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Anker S, Botker HE, Hert SD et al.; Authors/Task Force Members. 2014 ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management: The Joint Task Force on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). Eur Heart J 2014;35:2383-2431
Chee YL, Crawford JC, Watson HG, Greaves M. Guidelines on the assessment of bleeding risk prior to surgery or invasive procedures. British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Br J Haematol 2008; 140:496-504
Fleisher LA, Fleischmann KE, Auerbach AD, Barnason SA, Beckman JA, Bozkurt B et al. American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association. 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64:e77-137
Siller-Matula JM, Petre A, Delle-Karth G, Huber K, Ay C, Lordkipanidze M et al. Impact of preoperative use of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors on clinical outcomes in cardiac and non-cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2048872615585516
Glance LG, Lustik SJ, Hannan EL, Osler TM, Mukamel DB, Qian F The Surgical Mortality Probability Model: derivation and validation of a simple risk prediction rule for noncardiac surgery. Ann Surg 2012; 255:696-702
Rossini R, Musumeci G, Visconti LO, Bramucci E, Castiglioni B, De Servi S et al. Italian Society of Invasive Cardiology, Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists, Italian Society for Cardiac Surgery, Italian Society of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Italian Association of Hospital Surgeons, Italian Society of Surgery, Italian Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Lombard Society of Surgery, Italian Society of Maxillofacial Surgery, Italian Society of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery and Aesthetics, Italian Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Italian Society of Urology, Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Italian Society of Periodontology, Italian Federation of Scientific Societies of Digestive System Diseases Lombardia, Association of Obstetricians Gynaecologists Italian Hospital Lombardia, Society of Ophthalmology Lombardia. Perioperative management of antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary stents undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery: a consensus document from Italian cardiological, surgical and anaesthesiological societies. EuroIntervention 2014;10:38-46
Chapman TW, Bowley DM, Lambert AW, Walker AJ, Ashley SA, Wilkins DC. Haemorrhage associated with combined clopidogrel and aspirin therapy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2001;22:478-479
Ernst A, Eberhardt R, Wahidi M, Becker HD, Herth FJ. Effect of routine clopidogrel use on bleeding complications after transbronchial biopsy in humans. Chest 2006;129:734-737
Moore M, Power M. Perioperative hemorrhage and combined clopidogrel and aspirin therapy. Anesthesiology 2004;101:792-794
Burger W, Chemnitius JM, Kneissl GD, Rucker G. Low-dose aspirin for secondary cardiovascular prevention-cardiovascular risks after its perioperative withdrawal versus bleeding risks with its continuation-review and meta-analysis. J Intern Med 2005;257:399-414
Merritt JC, Bhatt DL. The efficacy and safety of perioperative antiplatelet therapy. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2004;17:21-27
Berger PB, Kleiman NS, Pencina MJ, Hsieh WH, Steinhubl SR, Jeremias A et al. Frequency of major noncardiac surgery and subsequent adverse events in the year after drug-eluting stent placement results from the EVENT (Evaluation of Drug-Eluting Stents and Ischemic Events) Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010;3:920-927
van Kuijk JP, Flu WJ, Schouten O, Hoeks SE, Schenkeveld L, de Jaegere PP et al. Timing of noncardiac surgery after coronary artery stenting with bare metal or drug-eluting stents. Am J Cardiol 2009;104:1229-1234
Diamantis T, Tsiminikakis N, Skordylaki A, Samiotaki F, Vernadakis S, Bongiorni C et al. Alterations of hemostasis after laparoscopic and open surgery. Hematology 2007;12:561-570
Rajagopalan S, Ford I, Bachoo P, Hillis GS, Croal B, Greaves M Platelet activation myocardial ischemic events and postoperative non-response to aspirin in patients undergoing major vascular surgery. J Thromb Haemost 2007;5:2028-2035
Grines CL, Bonow RO, Casey DE Jr, Gardner TJ, Lockhart PB, Moliterno DJ et al. Prevention of premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery stents: a science advisory from the American Heart Association American College of Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, American College of Surgeons, and American Dental Association, with representation from the American College of Physicians. Circulation 2007; 115:813-818
Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Bailey SR, Bittl JA, Cercek B et al. American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58:e44-122
Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA, Calkins H, Chaikof EL, Fleischmann KE et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) developed in collaboration with the American Society of Echocardiography American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, and Society for Vascular Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:e159-241
Brar SS, Kim J, Brar SK, Zadegan R, Ree M, Liu IL et al. Long-term outcomes by clopidogrel duration and stent type in a diabetic population with de novo coronary artery lesions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:2220-2227
Eisenstein EL, Anstrom KJ, Kong DF, Shaw LK, Tuttle RH, Mark DB et al. Clopidogrel use and long-term clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stent implantation. JAMA 2007;297:159-168
Navarese EP, Tandjung K, Claessen B, Andreotti F, Kowalewski M, Kandzari DE et al. Safety and efficacy outcomes of first and second generation durable polymer drug eluting stents and biodegradable polymer biolimus eluting stents in clinical practice: comprehensive network meta-analysis. BMJ 2013;347:f6530
Egholm G, Kristensen SD, Thim T, Olesen KK, Madsen M, Jensen SE et al. Risk associated with surgery within 12 months after coronary drugeluting stent implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;68:2622-2632
Holcomb CN, Graham LA, Richman JS, Itani KM, Maddox TM, Hawn MT. The incremental risk of coronary stents on postoperative adverse events: a matched cohort study. Ann Surg 2016;263:924-930
Kolh P, Windecker S, Alfonso F, Collet JP, Cremer J, Falk V et al. 2014 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization: the Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014;46:517-592
Savonitto S, D'Urbano M, Caracciolo M, Barlocco F, Mariani G, Nichelatti M et al. Urgent surgery in patients with a recently implanted coronary drugeluting stent: a phase II study of 'bridging' antiplatelet therapy with tirofiban during temporary withdrawal of clopidogrel. Br J Anaesth 2010;104:285-291
Qamar A, Bhatt DL. Current status of data on cangrelor. Pharmacol Ther 2016;159:102-109
Angiolillo DJ, Firstenberg MS, Price MJ, Tummala PE, Hutyra M, Welsby IJ et al. BRIDGE Investigators. Bridging antiplatelet therapy with cangrelor in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2012;307:265-274
Abualsaud AO, Eisenberg MJ. Perioperative management of patients with drug-eluting stents. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010;3:131-142
Dimitrova G, Tulman DB, Bergese SD. Perioperative management of antiplatelet therapy in patients with drug-eluting stents. HSR Proc Intensive Care Cardiovasc Anesth 2012;4:153-167
Kaluza GL, Joseph J, Lee JR, Raizner ME, Raizner AE. Catastrophic outcomes of noncardiac surgery soon after coronary stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:1288-1294
van Werkum JW, Heestermans AA, Zomer AC, Kelder JC, Suttorp MJ, Rensing BJ et al. Predictors of coronary stent thrombosis: the Dutch Stent Thrombosis Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:1399-1409
Iakovou I, Schmidt T, Bonizzoni E, Ge L, Sangiorgi GM, Stankovic G et al. Incidence predictors, and outcome of thrombosis after successful implantation of drug-eluting stents. JAMA 2005;293:2126-2130
Bay C, Cyr PL, Jensen I. Estimating The value of cangrelor from eliminating preloading in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients. Value Health 2014;17:A480
De Servi S, Morici N, Boschetti E, Rossini R, Martina P, Musumeci G et al. Bridge therapy or standard treatment for urgent surgery after coronary stent implantation: analysis of 314 patients. Vascul Pharmacol 2016;80:85-90
Voeltz MD, Manoukian SV. Cangrelor in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: the BRIDGE study. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2013;11:811-816
Sawaya FJ, Morice MC, Spaziano M, Mehran R, Didier R, Roy A et al. Short-versus long-term dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation in women versus men: A sex-specific patient-level pooledanalysis of six randomized trials. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 89:178-189
Gargiulo G, Ariotti S, Santucci A, Piccolo R, Baldo A, Franzone A et al. Impact of sex on 2-year clinical outcomes in patients treated with 6-month or 24-month dual-antiplatelet therapy duration: a pre-specified analysis from the PRODIGY trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9:1780-1789
Meredith IT, Tanguay JF, Kereiakes DJ, Cutlip DE, Yeh RW, Garratt KN et al.; DAPT Study Investigators. Diabetes mellitus and prevention of late myocardial infarction after coronary stenting in the Randomized Dual Antiplatelet Therapy study. Circulation 2016;133:1772-1782
Steg PG, Bhatt DL, Wilson PW, D'Agostino R, Sr., Ohman EM, Rother J et al.; REACH Registry Investigators. One-year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis. JAMA 2007;297:1197-1206
Cacoub PP, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Topol EJ, Creager MA; CHARISMA Investigators. Patients with peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. Eur Heart J 2009;30:192-201
Bonaca MP, Gutierrez JA, Creager MA, Scirica BM, Olin J, Murphy SA et al. Acute limb ischemia and outcomes with vorapaxar in patients with peripheral artery disease: results from the Trial to Assess the Effects of Vorapaxar in Preventing Heart Attack and Stroke in Patients With Atherosclerosis-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 50 (TRA2 P-TIMI 50). Circulation 2016;133:997-1005
Franzone A, Piccolo R, Gargiulo G, Ariotti S, Marino M, Santucci A et al. Prolonged vs short duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with or without peripheral arterial disease: a subgroup analysis of the PRODIGY randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol 2016;1:795-803
Giustino G, Chieffo A, Palmerini T, Valgimigli M, Feres F, Abizaid A et al. Efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy after complex PCI. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;68:1851-1864
Armstrong EJ, Sab S, Singh GD, Lim W, Yeo KK, Waldo SW et al. Predictors and outcomes of recurrent stent thrombosis: results from a multicenter registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014;7:1105-1113
Halvorsen S, Storey RF, Rocca B, Sibbing D, Ten Berg J, Grove EL et al.; European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis. Management of antithrombotic therapy after bleeding in patients with coronary artery disease and/or atrial fibrillation: expert consensus paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis. Eur Heart J 2016; 38:1455-1462
Amin AP, Bachuwar A, Reid KJ, Chhatriwalla AK, Salisbury AC, Yeh RW et al. Nuisance bleeding with prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy after acute myocardial infarction and its impact on health status. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:2130-2138