Fried, L.P., Ferrucci, L., Darer, J., Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: Implications for improved targeting and care (2004) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 59 (3), pp. 255-263
Fried, L.P., Tangen, C.M., Walston, J., Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype (2001) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 56 (3), pp. M146-M156
Mitnitski, A.B., Mogilner, A.J., Rockwood, K., Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging (2001) Scientific World Journal, 1, pp. 323-336
Searle, S.D., Mitnitski, A., Gahbauer, E.A., A standard procedure for creating a frailty index (2008) BMC Geriatr, 8, p. 24
Chen, X., Mao, G., Leng, S.X., Frailty syndrome: An overview (2014) Clin Interv Aging, 9, pp. 433-441
Gobbens, R.J., Luijkx, K.G., Wijnen-Sponselee, M.T., In search of an integral conceptual definition of frailty: Opinions of experts (2010) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 11 (5), pp. 338-343
Cawthon, P.M., Marshall, L.M., Michael, Y., Frailty in older men: Prevalence, progression, and relationship with mortality (2007) J Am Geriatr Soc, 55 (8), pp. 1216-1223
Morley, J.E., Vellas, B., Abellan Van Kan, G., Frailty consensus: A call to action (2013) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 14 (6), pp. 392-397
De Vries, N., Staal, J., Van Ravensberg, C., Outcome instruments to measure frailty: A systematic review (2011) Ageing Res Rev, 10 (1), pp. 104-114
Bouillon, K., Kivimaki, M., Hamer, M., Measures of frailty in population-based studies: An overview (2013) BMC Geriatr, 13, p. 64
Theou, O., Brothers, T.D., Mitnitski, A., Operationalization of frailty using eight commonly used scales and comparison of their ability to predict all-cause mortality (2013) J Am Geriatr Soc, 61 (9), pp. 1537-1551
Marmot, M., Oldfield, Z., Clemens, S., (2015) English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: Waves 0-6, 1998-2013. (Data Collection), , https://discover.ukdataservice.ac.uk/doi?sn=5050#10, Colchester, United Kingdom: UK Data Service. Updated May 17, 2016. Accessed January 11, 2016
Abellan Van Kan, G., Rolland, Y., Bergman, H., The I.A.N.A. Task Force on frailty assessment of older people in clinical practice (2008) J Nutr Health Aging, 12 (1), pp. 29-37
Pel-Littel, R.E., Schuurmans, M.J., Emmelot-Vonk, M.H., Frailty: Defining and measuring of a concept (2009) J Nutr Health Aging, 13 (4), pp. 390-394
Sternberg, S.A., Schwartz, A.W., Karunananthan, S., The identification of frailty: A systematic literature review (2011) J Am Geriatr Soc, 59 (11), pp. 2129-2138
Peters, L.L., Boter, H., Buskens, E., Measurement properties of the Groningen Frailty Indicator in home-dwelling and institutionalized elderly people (2012) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 13 (6), pp. 546-551
Rubin, D.B., (2004) Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys, , Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
White, I.R., Royston, P., Wood, A.M., Multiple imputation using chained equations: Issues and guidance for practice (2011) Stat Med, 30 (4), pp. 377-399
Van Buuren, S., Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K., MICE: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R (2011) J Stat Softw, 45 (3), pp. 1-67
Schafer, J.L., Graham, J.W., Missing data: Our view of the state of the art (2002) Psychol Methods, 7 (2), pp. 147-177
Bland, J.M., Altman, D.G., Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement (1986) Lancet, 327 (8476), pp. 307-310
Klein, B.E., Klein, R., Knudtson, M.D., Relationship of measures of frailty to visual function: The Beaver Dam Eye Study (2003) Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc, 101, pp. 191-196
Gill, T.M., Baker, D.I., Gottschalk, M., A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly persons who live at home (2002) N Engl J Med, 347 (14), pp. 1068-1074
Cesari, M., Demougeot, L., Boccalon, H., A self-reported screening tool for detecting community-dwelling older persons with frailty syndrome in the absence of mobility disability: The FiND questionnaire (2014) PLoS One, 9 (7), p. e101745
Abellan Van Kan, G., Rolland, Y.M., Morley, J.E., Frailty: Toward a clinical definition (2008) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 9 (2), pp. 71-72
Rothman, M.D., Leo-Summers, L., Gill, T.M., Prognostic significance of potential frailty criteria (2008) J Am Geriatr Soc, 56 (12), pp. 2211-2216
Ensrud, K.E., Ewing, S.K., Taylor, B.C., Frailty and risk of falls, fracture, and mortality in older women: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (2007) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 62 (7), pp. 744-751
Guralnik, J.M., Simonsick, E.M., Ferrucci, L., A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: Association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission (1994) J. Gerontol, 49 (2), pp. M85-M94
Chin, A.P.M.J., Dekker, J.M., Feskens, E.J., How to select a frail elderly population? A comparison of three working definitions (1999) J Clin Epidemiol, 52 (11), pp. 1015-1021
Freiheit, E.A., Hogan, D.B., Eliasziw, M., Development of a frailty index for patients with coronary artery disease (2010) J Am Geriatr Soc, 58 (8), pp. 1526-1531
Hubbard, R.E., O'Mahony, M.S., Woodhouse, K.W., Characterising frailty in the clinical setting-a comparison of different approaches (2009) Age Ageing, 38 (1), pp. 115-119
Balducci, L., Extermann, M., Management of cancer in the older person: A practical approach (2000) Oncologist, 5 (3), pp. 224-237
Ravaglia, G., Forti, P., Lucicesare, A., Development of an easy prognostic score for frailty outcomes in the aged (2008) Age Ageing, 37 (2), pp. 161-166
Rolfson, D.B., Majumdar, S.R., Tsuyuki, R.T., Validity and reliability of the Edmonton Frail Scale (2006) Age Ageing, 35 (5), pp. 526-529
Cacciatore, F., Abete, P., Mazzella, F., Frailty predicts longterm mortality in elderly subjects with chronic heart failure (2005) Eur J Clin Invest, 35 (12), pp. 723-730
Bellera, C.A., Rainfray, M., Mathoulin-Pélissier, S., Screening older cancer patients: First evaluation of the G-8 geriatric screening tool (2012) Ann Oncol, 23 (8), pp. 2166-2172
Steverink, N., Slaets, J.P., Schuurmans, H., Measuring frailty: Developing and testing the GFI (Groningen Frailty Indicator) (2001) Gerontologist, 41 (1), pp. 236-237
Brody, K.K., Johnson, R.E., Ried, L.D., Evaluation of a self-report screening instrument to predict frailty outcomes in aging populations (1997) Gerontologist, 37 (2), pp. 182-191
Puts, M., Lips, P., Deeg, D., Static and dynamicmeasures of frailty predicted decline in performance-based and self-reported physical functioning (2005) J Clin Epidemiol, 58 (11), pp. 1188-1198
Maly, R.C., Hirsch, S.H., Reuben, D.B., The performance of simple instruments in detecting geriatric conditions and selecting community-dwelling older people for geriatric assessment (1997) Age Ageing, 26 (3), pp. 223-231
Hábert, R., Bravo, G., Korner-Bitensky, N., Predictive validity of a postal questionnaire for screening communitydwelling elderly individuals at risk of functional decline (1996) Age Ageing, 25 (2), pp. 159-167
Di Bari, M., Profili, F., Bandinelli, S., Screening for frailty in older adults using a postal questionnaire: Rationale, methods, and instruments validation of the INTER-FRAIL study (2014) J Am Geriatr Soc, 62 (10), pp. 1933-1937
Gobbens, R.J., Van Assen, M.A., Luijkx, K.G., The Tilburg Frailty Indicator: Psychometric properties (2010) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 11 (5), pp. 344-355
Jones, D.M., Song, X., Rockwood, K., Operationalizing a frailty index from a standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment (2004) J Am Geriatr Soc, 52 (11), pp. 1929-1933
De Vries, N.M., Staal, J.B., Olde Rikkert, M.G., Evaluative Frailty Index for Physical Activity (EFIP): A reliable and valid instrument to measure changes in level of frailty (2013) Phys Ther, 93 (4), pp. 551-561
Theou, O., Brothers, T.D., Rockwood, M.R., Exploring the relationship between national economic indicators and relative fitness and frailty in middle-aged and older Europeans (2013) Age Ageing, 42 (5), pp. 614-619
Fang, X., Shi, J., Song, X., Frailty in relation to the risk of falls, fractures, and mortality in older Chinese adults: Results from the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging (2012) J Nutr Health Aging, 16 (10), pp. 903-907
Kulminski, A., Yashin, A., Arbeev, K., Cumulative index of health disorders as an indicator of aging-associated processes in the elderly: Results from analyses of the National Long Term Care Survey (2007) Mech Ageing Dev, 128 (3), pp. 250-258
Dayhoff, N.E., Suhrheinrich, J., Wigglesworth, J., Balance and muscle strength as predictors of frailty among older adults (1998) J Gerontol Nurs, 24 (7), pp. 18-27
Morris, J.N., Sherwood, S., Mor, V., An assessment tool for use in identifying functionally vulnerable persons in the community (1984) Gerontologist, 24 (4), pp. 373-379
Rockwood, K., Song, X., MacKnight, C., A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people (2005) CMAJ, 173 (5), pp. 489-495
Saliba, D., Elliott, M., Rubenstein, L.Z., The Vulnerable Elders Survey: A tool for identifying vulnerable older people in the community (2001) J Am Geriatr Soc, 49 (12), pp. 1691-1699
Van Iersel, M.B., Rikkert, M., Frailty criteria give heterogeneous results when applied in clinical practice (2006) J Am Geriatr Soc, 54 (4), pp. 728-729
Collard, R.M., Boter, H., Schoevers, R.A., Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: A systematic review (2012) J Am Geriatr Soc, 60 (8), pp. 1487-1492
Gale, C.R., Cooper, C., Sayer, A.A., Prevalence of frailty and disability: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2015) Age Ageing, 44 (1), pp. 162-165
Sim, J., Wright, C.C., The kappa statistic in reliability studies: Use, interpretation, and sample size requirements (2005) Phys Ther, 85 (3), pp. 257-268
